A few principles that must be followed in early childhood education

I. The principle of simplicity and ease

From easy to difficult, step by step, this is the basic general rule of all teaching activities, and young children can not be an exception. Young children have strong curiosity and excellent memory, but limited comprehension and poor acceptance, so the Chinese teaching materials we choose must be the most easy to learn and remember, and the teaching methods used must be the simplest and easiest. Only in this way, the national education can be accepted by young children, the national classics can be infiltrated into the brain of young children little by little, and play a subtle influence.

The national education generally refers to the traditional Chinese culture and academics with Confucianism as the main body, mainly refers to the pre-Qin scholars and Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The reading material for children is the introductory knowledge of national education for young children, and the common contents are "Disciple's Rules", "Three Character Classic", "Thousand Character Classic", "Zhu Zi's Words for Ruling the Family", "Book of Commandments", "Enlarging and Extending the Virtuous Writings", "Sound and Law Enlightenment", "Learning from the Early Years", etc. These reading materials are simple and easy to read. The content of these montessori reading materials is simple and easy for children to memorize and understand after recitation.

For young children aged about three years old, they should mainly read "Disciple's Rules", "Three Character Classic" and "Thousand Character Classic" (including "New Thousand Character Classic"). These books are neat and short, with only three or four words in each sentence, making them catchy and easy to read.

For middle school children around four years old, you can focus on reciting Zhu Zi's maxims of family rule, the Book of Commandments, and the Sound and Rhythm of Enlightenment. These kinds of montessori reading materials are mostly scattered sentences with few parallel sentences, poor sound and rhyme, a bit awkward, need to be recited repeatedly in order to read smoothly, because the middle class children already have a certain language foundation, so the teacher only needs to guide the children to accurately break the sentence and slowly recite it.

For older children who are about five years old, you can read "Zeng Guang Xian Wen" and "Yixue Qionglin". The "Zengguangxianwen" has a lot of sentences, it is easy to read, it is a good teaching material for training couplets (but the philosophical content of the text is not easy for young children to understand, it is not appropriate to talk about it in depth); the "Yixue Qionglin" is a small history book, the teacher can tell the children the story, so that the children read and recite with the help of the story, and they can briefly understand some of the historical knowledge, which will achieve the goal of the teaching.

One thing to note is that primary schooling in early childhood education is a common problem today. It satisfies the teachers' sense of achievement in teaching and the parents' wish to see their children become successful as soon as possible, but in fact it is a way of uprooting the children, which is totally against the law of education. In order to prevent such a phenomenon, early childhood teachers should follow the principle of simple and easy to recite the main teaching methods, guide the children slowly contact and feel the essence of traditional Chinese culture, can not be used to "speak deep and thorough" thinking to guide the early childhood national education.

The recitation-based teaching method is to "not seek to understand, but only to familiarize themselves with the reading" of young children. As long as the children repeatedly recite, read fluently and even memorized, the teaching goal is completed. The difficulty of chanting should be only slightly higher than that of singing. We have to believe that young children in the process of repeated recitation, there will always be some knowledge stored in the memory, until they grow up after these memories will ferment, the essence of traditional Chinese culture will be able to influence their world view and outlook on life, so that the purpose of early childhood education in the national education has been achieved.

Second, the principle of vivid image

The thinking of young children is characterized by strong image thinking, and they are interested in bright colors, beautiful sounds and music, strange objects and wonderful games. Therefore, in kindergarten to carry out national education to fully take care of the age characteristics of young children, must follow the principle of vivid image, so that young children in a lively atmosphere to learn knowledge. Early childhood teachers to use colorful patterns, vivid image of the teaching aids, pleasant sound and lively and interesting activities to mobilize children's interest in learning and enthusiasm.

Classical education seems to be far away from "vivid image" and very close to "serious and dull", but through the serious study and repeated practice of the majority of educators, or to create a game teaching method, children's song teaching method, performance teaching method and so on. However, through the serious study and repeated practice of educators, they have created game teaching method, children's song teaching method, performance teaching method and other teaching methods to carry out national education, and the effect is very good. For example, a kindergarten teacher designed a national education game of "Good Habits, I'm in charge": the class was divided into two groups, and the two groups of children stood at the starting line. After the teacher announced the start of the game, the first child in each group ran to the box to pick out the best habit he felt, then ran across the street to stick it to the blackboard and fixed it, and finally quickly ran back to the starting line to give a high-five to the second child. The second child then repeats the behavior of the previous child. This is done until the last child runs back to the starting line. Then, have the children compete to see who found the best habit. Children to find out the good habits of hard work, love of learning, wash their hands diligently, do not spit, speak politely, do not cut in line, stop the red light, green light line, to the elderly to give up their seats, to help their parents to do chores, etc., the teacher then guided the children to say to develop these good habits of the significance of saying that is not in place is the appropriate pointing out, so that the children know the importance of cultivating good habits, but also know that a lot of the good habits of the ancient books have, read more ancient The first time I saw this, it was a very good idea for me to read it.

Melodious music can bring young children the enjoyment of beauty and emotional cultivation, we can also music education and national education into one, the lyrics of classic children's songs into the national education, so that young children in the beautiful music accompaniment naturally and happily recite the national education.

In addition, many of the contents of national education can be presented in the form of performances. Teachers can choose classic contents and let children perform in the form of short scenarios, so as to guide children to deepen their understanding of national education in the process of imitating and performing. For example, to perform the "Disciple's Rules", the teacher plays the role of the parents calling the children's names, and the children perform the action of responding quickly after understanding the meaning of "do not delay"; to perform the section of "When the parents are sick, try the medicine first", the teacher can choose the classic content and let the children perform in the form of short scenarios to guide the children to deepen their understanding of Chinese culture in the process of imitation. In the section of "Parent's illness, taste the medicine first", the teacher plays the role of a sick parent, and the child carries a bowl of medicine and hands it to the "parent" before making the gesture of trying the heat and cold. This kind of performance, as long as the children's posture is generous, movement and demeanor in line with the content, and can show the character, even if it is successful. As long as the performance is in place, it means that the children have accurately understood the content of the national education, and the teacher's teaching task has been completed.

To achieve the teaching goal of Chinese studies education for young children through the creation of the environment is also in line with the principle of vivid image. Every corner of the kindergarten can cleverly penetrate the content of the national classics, such as in the "baby dining room" written on the "diet, do not pick and choose", in the "baby bathroom" written on the "Morning must wash, and gargle, poop back, always clean hands", in the "baby shoes and hats cabinet" on the "set the crown and clothes, there is positioning, do not mess, to dirt", in front of the mirror written on the "Crown must be correct, buttons must be knotted, socks and shoes, all tightly cut" and so on. This will not only help young children to memorize the national classics, but also cultivate good behavior.

Three, the principle of unity of knowledge and action

The sages often say, "Learning is precious," telling us that the most important thing to learn is to learn to use. National education should emphasize the unity of knowledge and action, otherwise the national education will only nourish the vanity of young children. As the saying goes, "high-mindedness, erudition is not beneficial; behavior is not good, reading is not beneficial," the teacher can only guide the children to learn and do a combination of (if necessary, with the family to form a joint effort), in order to let the children have a good demeanor, and then develop behavioral habits.

Good habits include behaving in a civilized manner, respecting others, being courteous and modest, being honest and trustworthy, studying hard, being grateful for kindness, being thrifty and frugal, and being punctual, etc., which can be found in the Chinese classics. When young children do not know how to be humble, it is a good time for teachers to tell them the story of "Kong Rong gave up his pear"; when children dawdle, it is a good time for parents to teach "parents call, do not slow down; parents order, do not be lazy; parents teach, must respectfully listen to; parents blame, must be obedient"; when parents are busy doing things, it is a good time for parents to teach "parents call, do not slow down; parents order, do not be lazy; parents teach, must respectfully listen to; parents blame, must be obedient". Good time; when parents are busy doing things and was interrupted by the child, teach the child to recite the "Disciple's Rules" in the "people are not idle, do not things to disturb; people are not safe, do not talk about disturbing"; learned the Chinese classics of filial piety, immediately educate the child to go home to the elders pounding the back, water, fold their own quilts, serving dinner and washing the dishes, dress and wear a hat, clean the room! ...... In this way, the teaching effect of the unity of knowledge and action can be achieved.