Application of Location Theory

Location Theory The word "location" is derived from the German "standort", translated into English in 1886 as "location", that is, the fixed position, the meaning of the place, our country translated into the district, Japan translated into the " Standort", some translated as location or layout, in some cases can also be used. The word "location" is not included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, so what does "location" mean? The textbook explains: "The location of something has two meanings: on the one hand, it refers to the location of the thing, and on the other hand, it refers to the spatial connection of the thing with other things." The understanding of the word location, strictly speaking, should also include the following two aspects: ① it not only indicates a location, but also indicates the placing of a thing or for a specific goal to mark an area, scope; ② it also includes human occupation of a thing in the location of the design, planning. Location activity is the most basic behavior of human activities, is the most preliminary and minimum requirements of people's life and work, it can be said that every human behavior in geospatial can be regarded as a location selection activities. For example: the choice of crop species in agricultural production and the choice of agricultural land, the choice of location of factories, highways, railroads, waterways and other routes and planning, urban functional areas (commercial areas, industrial areas, living areas, cultural areas, etc.) set up and divided into urban greening location planning and the choice of green tree species, real estate development, location selection of facilities, such as the selection of the national site. Location theory, as a side of human conquest of the spatial environment, is a theory created for the search for rational spatial activities, which, if represented on a map, not only needs to depict the location of the main body of various economic activities (farms, factories, transportation routes, tourist spots, commercial centers, etc.) and other objects (natural environmental conditions and socio-economic conditions, etc.), but also has to be adequately interpreted and explained, and the conditions of formation and technical reasonableness have to be explored. formation conditions and technical rationality. Because of its practicality and wide range of applications, it makes location activity an important part of the basic theory of human geography. Principles to be Followed in Location Selection How to choose location reasonably is the first problem to be solved by human beings when carrying out production activities. Many location theories at home and abroad (mainly foreign) have explored location activities in various situations from many angles. Here I just want to teach from the, and try to philosophical point of view, the choice of location to put forward some of the principles that should be followed, in order to facilitate the students' understanding of the location of the activity, and for the students of the lifelong development of the foundation. 1. The principle of localization The development of location theory still has many obvious shortcomings. For example, the assumption that the conditions are too idealized, some theories focus on the theoretical derivation, and the actual far from each other. Such as some classic location theory: Du Neng's agricultural location theory, Weber's industrial location theory, Chris Taylor's center ground theory and Liao Shi's market location theory, and so on. Therefore, when we choose the location, we should not rigidly apply the location theory, but according to the specific economic activities and specific locations, we should carefully consider the various factors affecting the local location activities, such as climate, topography, soil, water and other natural factors, market, transportation, quality and quantity of labor, policy and other socio-economic factors, so that our location activities can be fully and reasonably utilize the local resources, so as to reduce production costs and obtain economic benefits. So as to reduce production costs and gain economic benefits. Material dialectics that, from the actual, subjective in line with the objective, is our correct understanding of the world and transform the world of the foothold, that is, to seek truth from facts. In short, when we are making location choices, the theories we apply must be combined with the actual situation and be adapted to the local conditions. For example, Beijing's urban greening, in order to green the capital into a cosmopolitan city, and the blind introduction of foreign species of trees, grass species, large areas of lawn, resulting in the original 0.6 cubic meters per square meter per year, the greening of the water quota to 1 cubic meter per square meter, not only improve the cost of greening, but also to make the original ecological fragility of the medium semi-arid Beijing even more water shortages. The international metropolis of London's greening, but the choice of local wild plants, without watering. 2. The principle of dynamic balance There are many factors affecting the choice of location, if from the perspective of movement and change, the factors affecting the choice of location can be divided into static and dynamic factors. Static factors such as soil, topography, climate, mineral resources, etc., mainly for natural factors; dynamic factors such as market, transportation, policy, technology, etc., mainly for socio-economic factors. Among the factors, the dynamic factors are constantly developing and changing, so we should consider more about their influence on location selection. Discriminatory, to the movement of the point of view to look at the factors affecting the choice of location, help us from the complexity of the most important factors affecting the location of scientific research to accurately find, so as to seize the main contradiction, a reasonable choice of location. The textbook mentions this point in many aspects. For example: the improvement of transportation conditions and the development of cold storage and preservation technology of agricultural products, so that the influence of the market on the location of agriculture in the geographical expansion; due to the widening range of all raw materials for industry, more and more alternative raw materials, coupled with the improvement of transportation conditions, raw materials on the gradual weakening of the impact on the location of industrial areas, at the same time, the market's impact on the location of industrial areas is gradually increasing; the impact of the location of the city of factors, some factors, such as military, religious, and other factors, such as the military, religious, and other factors. Among the factors affecting the location of cities, some of them, such as military, religion and so on, have a very weak influence on the location of modern cities: some of them, such as transportation, natural resources and so on, have always had a great influence on the location of cities since ancient times, and in the modern society, some of them, such as tourism, science and technology and so on, have become the main factors affecting the location of some cities; as a result of scientific and technological development, in the construction of the modern railroads (which can be extended to the majority of the transportation lines), there is a great influence on the location of cities. --Author's note) construction, the influence of economic and social factors on the railroad location has exceeded the natural factors and become a decisive factor ...... from which we can see the development and change of each location factor in different time and space. As Marxist philosophy believes that the connection between things is universal, objective, we should apply the contradictory point of view to understand and transform the world, should adhere to the linkage, development, and a comprehensive view of the problem, which is the dynamic point of view in the choice of location with the dynamic point of view to think, and balanced consideration of the impact of the various factors of the dynamic balance of the principle of the basic starting point. Qian Xuesen once pointed out that the content of geographic science is a "geographic system" is an "open complex giant system", location is undoubtedly a subsystem of this complex giant system, which has the characteristics of openness, complexity and dynamics. Therefore, from the point of view of system theory, we should follow the principle of dynamic equilibrium when choosing the location, analyze the factors affecting the selection of location dynamically, and make sufficient predictions on the changes of the factors and their possible impacts, so as to make the most reasonable selection of location within a certain spatial and temporal range. 3. Principle of unity Marxist philosophy believes that things as a whole, are composed of its parts, relationships, attributes of the organic composition of the unity, are composed of a number of changes, stages of development, and the process of intrinsic linkage. Therefore, when we recognize things, we should not only analyze the relevant elements of things and their processes, but also grasp the development and impact of things as a whole in a unified manner. Location theory arose with the industrial revolution after the capitalist period, and with the development of the social division of labor and constantly deepen, it is the product of economic development and economic division of labor. After the industrial revolution, the degree of socialization of production increased, the rapid development of modern industry, the new means of transportation is widely used, the social division of labor is generally strengthened, the competition between enterprises tends to be fierce, forcing factories and enterprises to seek the best location, in order to reduce the cost of production, to obtain the maximum profit, the location theory is produced in this social context. This makes from the birth of location theory, economic efficiency has become its most concerned object. Zhuangzi said, "Heaven and earth have great beauty without saying anything, the four seasons have clear laws without discussing them, and everything has its own reasoning without saying anything." Environment as a whole, a system, its benign development comes from the mutual coordination and unification of the internal components (subsystems). Location as an open, complex, dynamic environmental subsystem, it requires us to maintain not only the coordination and unity of the various sectors within the system, but also the coordination and unity between the system (location system and geographic system) when we choose the location (that is to say, establish the location system); not only to focus on the economic benefits, but also to maintain the unity of the economic benefits, the social benefits, and the environmental benefits in the location activities. This point is hardly mentioned in most of the location theory, but it is crucial for the sustainable development of our society. Location theory is an inductive deduction of geometric elements such as points, lines and surfaces, which suggests the spatial distribution law of human social and economic activities from the perspective of geospatial space, reveals the role of each location factor in the formation and development of geospatial space, and plays a very important role in the establishment of the theory of human geography and the expansion of the field of application. However, when we use specific location theory to guide specific location selection, we should insist on the unity of theory and practice, the coordination and unity of human activities and the environment, and look at the issue of location selection with a developmental perspective. If we can recognize this point, will enable us to be more sober to think about some of our short-term behavior, some economic activities and administrative orders to the environment and our own possible impact, harm or even disaster! Mainly include: Du Neng's agricultural location theory, Weber's industrial location theory, Chris Taylor's central place theory and Liao Shi's market location theory Du Neng's agricultural location theory Classical location theory refers to the location of the manufacturer's business and production activities, and how to determine the optimal location of the classical location theory is concerned about the problem. The German economist Dünen first noticed the effect of location on transportation costs in his book The Relations of the Isolated State to Agriculture and the National Economy (1826), published in the early 19th century. Dunant pointed out that the difference in land rent between distance from the city, i.e., locational or economic rent, was a key factor in determining the way agricultural land was utilized and the layout of crops. Thus, he proposed the theory of six concentric circles of agricultural zones centered on cities, the famous "Du Neng ring". Weber's Industrial Location Theory German economist Weber inherited Du Neng's idea and published two famous works "On Industrial Location" (1909) and "Theory of Industrial Location" (1914) in the early 20th century. Weber came up with three laws of location - the law of transportation location, the law of labor location and the law of agglomeration or dispersion. He believed that the cost of transportation determined the basic direction of industrial location, and that the ideal industrial location was the one with the lowest transportation distance and volume. In addition to freight costs, Weber added the labor cost factor and the agglomeration factor, arguing that because of these two factors, the original location chosen on the basis of transportation costs would undergo a chemicalization. Kristaller's Centerland Theory The German geographer Krispeler's centerland theory is the most representative, in his famous book "The Centerland of Southern Germany", Kristaller extends the location theory to the distribution of settlements and market research, and believes that the most effective spatial structure for the organization of the production and circulation of material wealth is a network system consisting of the corresponding multi-level market area with a central city as the center. On this basis, Koch proposed a positive hexagonal central place network system. Liao?'s market location theory German economist Liao?, on the other hand, in his book Economic Spatial Order published in 1D9, applied the profit principle to location research and examined the industrial location problem from the perspective of macroscopic general equilibrium, thus establishing the market-centered industrial location theory and the theory of the economic landscape as a market system.