A historical investigation of Qiang Mao's nickname and its origin

Qiang Mao, a traditional Shandong drama, is known as the "Flower of Jiaodong". In the history of Qiang Mao's development, it has many names, and it is constantly changing in the process of development. What is the reason? Next, let's learn about the historical exploration of Qiang Mao's name.

Qiang Mao Opera is a traditional local opera popular in Weifang, Qingdao and Rizhao. It turned out to be a folk humming minor, called "Zhou Gudiao". According to legend, it was named after a nun named Zhou, also known as "elbow drum". Qiang Mao Opera has a history of more than 200 years, and it is mainly active in dozens of counties and cities in Qingdao, Yantai, Rizhao and Weifang in eastern Shandong. Known as the "flower of Jiaodong", it used to be called "elbow drum", "Zhou drum", "shaft stick" and "regular lattice", followed by Ben elbow drum and Mao elbow drum. Early Qiang Mao's lyrics were completely colloquial, with simple vocals and simple accompaniment instruments, which were easily accepted by citizens and farmers.

Qiang Mao's name was decided after liberation, and it used to be called elbow drum; But on closer inspection, the name is not very accurate. Elbow drum, named after the rhythm of hanging elbow drum when singing.

According to experts' research, elbow drum is a general term for local operas in Shandong and northern Jiangsu. These local operas originally belonged to the category of ancient painting yangko. Later, due to the integration of language, folk songs, labor songs and other new elements with local characteristics, it formed its own expression and singing, so it also had its own name.

They are all elbow drum dramas. Lunan in northern Jiangsu is called Hairpin, Tengzhou is called gongs and drums, Zibo is called Wuyin Opera, and Jiaozhou is called elbow drum. It's just a common name. According to records, in the middle of Qing Dynasty, Zhucheng, Jiaozhou, Gaomi and other places had a tune called "Laoguaidao", which should be the most primitive singing style of Qiang Mao Opera.

In the later development, Qiang Mao also absorbed the feature that the end of the next sentence of "Hai Maozi" female voice in northern Jiangsu turned 8 degrees, making the voice more colorful. This aria, whose ending suddenly rose to 8 degrees, was once called "Cat Tone" by people at that time, so Qiang Mao was originally called elbow drum or Ben elbow drum, and also called "Cat Mouth Drum" or "Cat Mouth Drum".

In the late 1930s, tambourine artists from Jiaozhou came to Qingdao. They performed in the Third Park and Baoxiao Island. Their plays are very popular because of their vivid stories, humorous language and easy-to-understand lyrics.

1950, the party and the people's government organized some elbow drum artists, and successively established Guangming Qiang Mao Troupe and Guangjin Qiangmao Troupe. From then on, the elbow drum was officially named Qiang Mao. "Mao" is the homonym of "Mao" of "elbow drum". Remove its meaning of "Mao Diao" and take its meaning of sound and emotion.