What are the restoration technologies of ancient buildings?

Introduce the restoration technology of ancient buildings;

First, repair the grass-roots wood structure.

1, wood-based treatment: fighting: most ancient buildings in China are wood structures, and wood-based treatment is called fighting.

Ground warfare treatment: In order to protect wood and ensure the quality of colored paintings, ground warfare treatment is called ground warfare treatment.

Process: Ground combat treatment can be divided into four processes: chopping wood, tearing seams, putting bamboo nails and pulp.

Process function: the wood structure expands and contracts due to moisture, and the traditional process mostly adopts the method of covering hemp and scraping ash. First, protect the grassroots from the influence of external temperature and humidity; The second is to play a buffering role, so that the deformation of the base layer is more evenly dispersed when it is reflected on the surface of the color painting.

Traditional technology: according to the quality requirements, it is most common to use one hemp and five ashes, one cloth and four ashes, or one ash.

2, a hemp five ash operation process:

Technological process: firstly, grab seam ash and sweep it, then press hemp, hemp ash, medium ash and fine ash, and finally finish grinding and drilling. Generally, a running water needs three people to operate.

3. Hemp smashing: also called dry smashing and rolling. After sticking hemp, use a wooden presser (hemp roller) to start rolling from the edge of the shady corner (seedling corner), and then roll both sides of the bedding face to prevent the seedling corner from tilting up again (also called "seedling extension"). It takes two people to smash hemp, one is to evenly smash the pulp at the front, and the other is to dry-tie at the back to realize layer-by-layer compaction.

4. Brush the adhesive paste twice: in jargon, it is called "sprinkling raw" or "baking raw", that is, brush the oil wall paste of 1: 1.5 once on the pitted surface, which will not expose dry hemp and will not be too much. Turn it up while the hemp is wet, and don't turn it up at the bottom to see if there is any place where the dry hemp is not soaked or pulpy. Stick it on with a brush and squeeze out the pulp inside to soak the dry hemp, otherwise it will be empty when it is dry. If there is a dry image in the layer during rolling, a small amount of water should be added to the "sprinkled raw" material to dilute it and then make up the pulp on the hemp to keep it moist. This is called "water smashing", and it must also be started from the perspective of seedlings.

5. Dressing: After dry rolling, check and dress. If there is nest pulp to be extruded, dry hemp should be filled with solid pulp, and exposed parts should be filled with hemp. Collect all hemp after rewinding to prevent putty from powdering after moisture absorption.

Second, the cement product base

As a base, the expansion and contraction of cement materials are very small, so there is no need to get hemp, just make two layers of ash. If there are holes or missing corners, they should be smoothed by Plaster workers. We must pay attention to two points: first, we must wait until the cement products are completely dry before we can do ground warfare (that is, surface treatment at the grass-roots level) to avoid the ash skin falling off due to moisture evaporation; Second, the surface of cement products should not be too smooth, and small faces should be ordered to make the putty firmly combined with the base.

The basic treatment method is:

After the surface of the product is cleaned, brush a piece of raw tung oil diluted with three times of rosin water to make it penetrate into a certain depth and strengthen the cement base. Polishing and cleaning after dry bath. Then use "medium ash" to find putty, and then make up a batch, and scrape it tightly during operation; Thin steel plate for plane and rafters for curved surface, fully polished, cleaned and dusted after drying. The rest "fine ash" and "drilling raw" are the same as before.

Because cement products contain alkaline substances and moisture, it will seriously affect the quality of paint coating, and alkaline substances will change color, blister, scale, saponification and corrosion. Therefore, before coloring, the surface of the base layer must be carefully treated.

1, basic treatment of new cement products:

Generally, new cement products can't be painted immediately, and they can't be painted until they are stored for several months, so that the water volatilizes and the salt solidifies. If you are in a hurry to paint and spray paint, you can brush the surface several times with 15%-20% zinc sulfate or zinc oxide solution. After drying, the residual sediment on the cement surface can be swept away and painted. It can also be neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid or acetic acid solution and then painted.

2. For the lime surface treatment of paper tray on brick wall:

Neutralization can be carried out with magnesium fluorosilicate solution or zinc aluminum fluorosilicate solution, but the treatment process should be repeated several times with an interval of 12-24 hours each time. After treatment, the powdery floating particles on the surface can be removed and painted.

III. Other precast slab foundations

Gypsum board, mineral wool cement board and plastic whole board are used. As a ceiling or partition wall, flat-fell seam, nail hole, missing corner and inequality will inevitably occur. The treatment method is roughly as follows:

1, using putty as base treatment agent.

After cleaning the board, brush a slice of raw pomelo oil with three parts of rosin water, dry, polish, sweep and dust. Fill seams, nail holes, missing edges, corners and unevenness with "medium gray". After drying, smooth the flying thorn and joint traces and clean them. In order to prevent cracks from appearing at the joints of the board for a long time, the surface of the board should be covered with a thin layer of linen, glass fiber cloth or other cotton cloth, or only the joints can be pasted. Don't crop when pasting cloth, it is advisable to use seams. White glue for cloth paste can be oil-extended, polyvinyl acetate emulsion or 107 glue. After drying, a batch of fine ash on the bone should not be thick, with iron plate as the internal angle and skin as the big surface. After drying, fine grinding to no spots. After thorough cleaning, clean and drill a piece of raw tung oil. After drying and cleaning, the color painting process can be carried out.

2. Gypsum putty is used as the basic treatment agent.

Clean the surface of the plate, brush the oil, dry and polish. Use putty mixed with16: 6: 6 gypsum, varnish and water to fill board joints, nail holes, missing edges, corners and unevenness, dry, polish, clean and remove dust. Seasoning should be based on the fact that the volume does not expand and the thread cannot be picked, and it should be adjusted with the use, and the amount should not be large. In order to prevent the flat-fell seam from cracking, a piece of thin linen, glass fiber cloth or other cotton cloth can be pasted locally at the flat-fell seam. After drying, scrape gypsum putty twice on the adhesive cloth.