Financial market business is better than traditional loans.

At present, the problems faced by the banking industry have always existed, and there are also new problems, as follows:

1, single income structure, too focused on loan business.

Although the non-interest income of China's banking industry has gradually increased, generally accounting for more than 20%, which has been greatly improved compared with the past; But the proportion of loans to income is still too high.

Loans are indirect financing. Who to lend money to and who not to lend money to is not decided by the original fund provider, but by the financial institution.

Therefore, banks should take full responsibility; Unlike brokers, funds and other formats, customers' risks are completely isolated from themselves.

If we rely too much on this business, it will be very risky for banks.

In order to increase non-interest income, we must actively develop intermediary business.

Intermediary business mainly refers to the business that banks do not rely on assets and liabilities. For banks, savings deposits are liabilities and loans are assets; Intermediary business can be carried out without intervening in these two subjects.

Such as exchange, opening letters of credit or acceptance bills, safe deposit boxes, deposit certificates, fund custody, etc.

2, the influence of other industries

Due to the complacency of banks, after the rise of mobile Internet, many businesses have been impacted by the new Internet format.

In terms of remittance business, Alipay and WeChat do not charge fees, so it is naturally difficult for banks to collect them again.

Traditional fund agency business has also been diverted by several platforms.

More importantly, due to the slow marketization of interest rates, depositors are not satisfied with low interest rates, and many funds have entered other areas with higher returns.

3. The industrial structure is unreasonable.

The proportion of banks participating in mortgage loans in China is quite high, reaching 33.3% at the end of 20021,far exceeding the proportion of real estate added value in 7% GDP.

It is quite dangerous to concentrate so much money in one industry. If something goes wrong in this industry, it will cause great risks to banks.

Personal mortgage loan has always been considered as a relatively high-quality asset. No matter how difficult the borrower is, he will try to repay the loan on time. Even if someone can't repay the loan and there is real estate as collateral, this ratio is quite low.

But now, due to various reasons, there are many unfinished buildings. Mortgage customers not only can't get the house, but also repay the loan normally, which is unfair.

As a result, many customers have recently issued a notice of breach of contract: if they do not return to work according to the prescribed time, the property will not continue to repay the loan.

Recently, there was a case that the developer's breach of contract led to the invalidation of the purchase contract, and the mortgage contract attached to the purchase contract was also invalid.

In this way, banks have to bear the risk that part of the remaining losses cannot be repaid, and the houses that have been built cannot be auctioned off to pay debts.

4. Risks of small and medium-sized banks

In theory, the bigger the bank, the better, so as to resist risks and get rid of local or shareholder intervention.

However, there are still many smaller rural commercial banks and city commercial banks, as well as smaller rural banks.

Village banks located in counties and cities should have a minimum registered capital of 3 million; The minimum registered capital of township enterprises is 654.38 million yuan.

A slightly larger company can become a major shareholder by taking shares. Treating village banks as automatic withdrawal opportunities creates moral hazard.

The incident of Henan rural bank reflects this problem.

In recent years, there has been a trend of merger of small and medium-sized banks, and many county-level city commercial banks and commodity rural commercial banks have merged into provincial banks; Some rural banks have been absorbed and merged by rural commercial banks.