Write a drama paper, 1500 words, and choose your own angle.

If the landlord thinks it is too much, he can delete it himself.

The origin of drama

There are nine theories about the origin of drama. Here, we only discuss in detail the various viewpoints of the theory of song and dance about the origin of drama.

Song and dance theory, this theory can be analyzed into three types:

(1) According to the theory of court music and dance, the miscellaneous knowledge of Lushuige written by Nalan Xingde in the Qing Dynasty said: "The joy of the big clouds in the Liang Dynasty is for the elderly, and the change of the immortals in the western regions is really started here." According to the fact that most ancient music and dances were dressed up with characters, Liu thought that "the dramatist originated from the ancient musicians and dancers ... but it was similar to the later operas." In the book Primitive Music, Dance and Drama in China, the dramatic factors of primitive music and dance are often systematically investigated, and it is considered that "simple music and dance in primitive society is the predecessor of perfect drama". Zhou's A Long History of China's Plays traces the earliest source of China's plays to "Zhou Qin's Music and Dance".

(2) According to the ancient song and dance theory, the first sentence of "A General History of China Opera" edited by Zhang Geng and Guo Hancheng said: "The origin of China opera can be traced back to the songs and dances of primitive times." We know that all art originates from labor, and China's songs and dances are no exception. Shun Dian said, "When a stone strikes, all animals dance together." The so-called animal dance is not as mysterious as later Confucianism. It is said that even animals came to worship and dance when saints were alive. This kind of dance is played by knocking on stones or knocking on stones with hands. There were no drums at that time, so it was primitive. It was only later that drums appeared, and the so-called "drum dance" went further. This dance may be a primitive religious ceremony before going out hunting, or it may be a celebration ceremony after returning from hunting. In the article Lu Chunqiu. Ancient music ",said:" The son of heaven is towering, the quality is the joy of the valley, and the song is the voice of the valley. It is a drum with skin and a stone like the jade of god. " This is a legend about ancient music and dance in the Warring States period. Through the description of this song and dance, we can see a scene of a primitive hunter hunting in the mountains: "While whistling, all kinds of pottery tools threatened the beast, so the beast ran away like a wolf and was finally arrested." The primitive artist "Zhi" (actually not one person, but all people at that time) created hunting dance according to the reality of life. At this time, the so-called "beast", of course, the scenes at this time are artistic, and music and dance are rhythmic. This kind of dance has a strong sense of ceremony. It is to call the patron saint or ancestor of the clan to pray for this harvest, or to thank the gods when they come back from hunting. But no matter what ceremony, no matter how heavy the primitive religious cloak is, its practical significance is a kind of exercise and exercise for labor, which not only exercises the hunter's proficiency, but also cultivates young hunters. There is a record in Shun Dian that "Dian Yue teaches children". The annotation of Xunzi is aristocratic children, but there are no nobles in primitive society, so I'm afraid they are young warriors. What is it to teach young soldiers with music and dance instead of training them? Because its content is an imitation of the original hunting action.

Since it is imitating labor, it can be said to be the most primitive performance.

Primitive dance is always accompanied by songs. They never dance silently, but cheer and sing at the same time. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. "Ancient Music" also said: "Ge Zhile, three people fuck oxtail. My mind is full of songs. " I can imagine the situation. In primitive society, song and dance are not only hunting dances, but also war dances, which are similar in nature to hunting dances. In the farming era, a series of agricultural festivals such as "wax" and "Yu" came into being. Wax statues were held at the end of the year to reward eight gods related to agriculture. On this day, members of the commune enjoy themselves, drinking, singing and dancing. This trend remained until the Spring and Autumn Period. "Confucius' family conversation. "Visiting Hometown" said: "Zi Gong cares about wax. Confucius said: Is giving a gift a pleasure? Right: If people in a country are crazy, it's fun to give them something unknown. Confucius said: A hundred days' suffering, a day's pleasure and a day's benefit are beyond your knowledge. " It can be seen that this is entirely the joy of working farmers after a year of hard work.

According to legend, "waxing" was initiated by Yi Jia, and it is obvious that Yi Jia is a god farm, which is a custom closely related to the period of agricultural development. "Harmony" is a sacrifice for rain in drought. In Li Zhou Guan Chun's "Zongbo", it is recorded: "A wizard ... if the country is in a drought, he will dance handsomely." Although the record of Zhou Ji is a matter of slave society, it is obviously a custom left over from primitive times. In addition, dances were also held in many festivals in primitive communes. For example, when men and women fall in love, there is also a festival where people get together to sing and dance. In the Han nationality, this festival is a day to worship clan ancestors, and the dance is said to be called "Wan Dance". The so-called "jumping on the moon", "rocking the horse" and "singing the city" of the southwest nationalities may be the forms left over from this festival.

One of the main characteristics of primitive song and dance is its nationality. In slave society, with class, the artistic situation changed. At this time, the sacrificial ceremony is no longer a national festival song and dance, but has become exclusive to slave owners and nobles. Yu, the first to pass the world on to his son, immediately "appointed as the leader of the tribal alliance to show his achievements" after he successfully controlled the flood. According to legend, he went to heaven three times, stole "nine tricks" (namely "Jiu Shao") from the sky, and performed in "The Field of Damocles". From then on, the slave owners and nobles praised their achievements with songs and dances belonging to the whole people. There is a chapter in Lu Chunqiu. In Ancient Music, it was also said: "Tang Nai ordered Yi Yin to change the Nine Movements and Six Columns into songs of Dabao to see its goodness. However, the dance of "Great Martial Arts" is a tribute to Zhou Wuwang and Duke Zhou's martial arts in destroying merchants and quelling slave rebellion. This is the so-called "martial dance", dancing with shields and weapons in hand, and "Shao dance", praising how the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty managed the country in an orderly way and how the world was peaceful. This is called "Wen Dance".

Now, there is a passage about "Dawu" dance, which is quoted from Historical Records. Le Shu is as follows: The Binmou family sat with Confucius, and Confucius talked with them happily ... Confucius said: "... a happy man is like a successful man, who always stands on the mountain, and the affairs of the king of Wu are also vigorous and ambitious. He is sitting in a riot and Zhao Zhou is in charge." Duke Zhou is on the left and Zhao Gong is on the right, and 60% of his works are re-created. They worshipped the emperor, were clipped four times and cut four times. They won in China. They were separated and entered. They worked hard and stood in the composition station for a long time, waiting for the ambitions of the princes. " Judging from this explanation of Dawu dance, it contains a story. Although dance is not enough to express its content, it also tends to tell stories.

(3) Song and Dance Theory in Western Regions: Chen Cun and Huo Xuchu pointed out in Song and Dance Drama in Western Regions that during the Han and Tang Dynasties, with the development of east-west traffic and frequent economic and cultural exchanges, song and dance drama, a branch of western culture and art, gradually spread to the Central Plains and became one of the important sources of China drama. No matter whether it is the hundred dramas in Han Dynasty or the music and dance in Tang Dynasty, the elements of the western regions account for a considerable proportion. Especially in Tang Dynasty, when the drama elements infiltrated into the music and dance, the fusion of the music and dance in the western regions and the traditional drama in the Central Plains not only brought the prosperity of the music and dance varieties in Tang Dynasty, but also had a very far-reaching impact on later dramas. Ren Bantang, a scholar in China, pointed out more than half a century ago that music and dance in the Tang Dynasty "vertically inherited the origin of the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and absorbed the sentiment of the western regions".

As for the song and dance dramas in the Tang Dynasty, it is recorded in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty that the song and dance dramas include scenes such as big faces, shaking heads, stepping on mothers and grottoes. Mr. Ren Bantang thinks that all the "Nuo Opera Troupes" in Tang Dynasty are musical dramas. He also pointed out in the second chapter "Song and Dance Drama" of "Tang Dou": "Once the content is wrong, or the technique involves easy-to-understand speech, although the record is short, the performance is vague. I don't think singing and dancing is impossible. " Those who belong to the Western Region Song and Dance Troupe only cite the scene of "pulling the head" in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, saying that "pulling the head out of the Western Region, the Hu people were eaten by wild animals, and their sons begged the wild animals to kill them, so they danced like elephants." There are many operas in Ren Bantang's Song and Dance Examination, all of which are influenced by the Western Regions. It is clearly pointed out that there are "Xiliang geisha", "Xumi Zhe" and "Sharifu" which belong to the "drama style", such as "Potou" and "Playing Brahman". "Su Mo Zhe" is a representative play in the western region song and dance drama. Su Mo's record is recorded in detail in Tang Huilin's "The Sound and Meaning of Classics": Su Mo's, Xirong Hu Yu is also a cloud whispering. This play originated in the country of West Qiuci, and it still exists today. This country is vigorous, with a wide face and so on, or an animal face or a ghost, pretending to be all kinds. According to local customs, this method is often used to repel disgust and drive away evil spirits in Luo Cha to eat people. "Sumo cover, also known as throwing cold drama, is in the Central Plains from the literature, mostly for the entertainment of rulers. I have watched/kloc-0 for more than 30 years from the first year of Emperor Xuandi's North Elephant to the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tang Dynasty, and it is often listed as a program to enjoy in the court. This naturally has to undergo numerous transformations and changes with the political situation.

This paper expounds the viewpoint of song and dance theory here, hoping that more people will pay attention to and study the origin of drama.