In the fourth city of the museum, Guo Bo collects pearls-coming to Guo Bo without looking at this 18 piece is equivalent to not going.

The National Museum of China, referred to as "Guo Bo" for short, is located on the east side of Tiananmen Square, which is symmetrical to the Great Hall of the People opposite Tiananmen Square.

For the world's largest museum with a building area of nearly 200,000 square meters and a visiting area of nearly 70,000 square meters, it has 48 exhibition halls, 3 permanent exhibition halls, no less than 8 special exhibition halls and several temporary exhibitions at home and abroad. In addition to the collection of more than 654.38 million, there are also opportunities to see the collections of foreign museums, and it is impossible to read them all at once.

The "Ancient China" in the basement and the "Road to Revival" in the North Pavilion are bounded by 1840, which respectively show the vast majority of historical relics in China. The special exhibition halls in other exhibition areas will carry out special exhibitions according to different fields. The following 18 pieces of "national treasures" can't be missed even if it's a cursory tour, otherwise it means you didn't come!

1. Painted pottery pots with fish patterns on their faces, Yangshao culture dating back 7000 years, 1955 unearthed in Banpo, Xi City, Shaanxi Province.

In Neolithic Age, it was mostly used as a coffin cover for children's urns and coffins, and it was a special burial tool. Its height is 16.5 cm and its diameter is 39.8 cm. Made of fine clay red pottery, with open lips and intermittent black belt around the mouth. The inner wall is painted with two groups of fish patterns with symmetrical faces. The face is made of a mermaid, and the clothes on her head are very strange, like the makeup image of a religious activity. According to the saying that there is a wizard "Er Er Snake" in some places in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, some scholars believe that the noodle fish pattern represents the wizard Er Er Er Fish, which means that the wizard invites the fish to possess himself and enter the underworld to summon the children who died young.

Second, Tao Dingying, Yangshao culture 7000 years ago, was unearthed in Taipingzhuang 1958, hua county, Shaanxi.

Ying Dingtao is 35.8 cm high, 23.3 cm in diameter and 32 cm in maximum abdominal diameter. The overall shape of Tao is a lying eagle. The eagle's chest is the belly of a tripod, full and thick, and its mouth is open on its back. The eagle's eyes are wide open, its whole body is bright and clean without ornamentation, and its beak and hook are powerful. The stout and powerful feet and the wide and drooping eagle tail constitute the three fulcrums of Tao Ding, which stably support the columns on the ground. The two wings are slightly propped up and surround the middle and rear of the tripod, forming a momentum of forward flapping. The eagle has big eyes and a sharp beak on its head. It looks majestic and fierce.

Yangshao culture is mostly painted pottery with rice, oil and salt, and Tao Dingying is the only culture with birds as its shape. It is a model of the perfect combination of primitive art and practical function, and a rare sculpture art treasure in ancient times. It was once one of the cultural relics representing China in the 1993 Lausanne Olympic bid exhibition.

Yuzhulong was unearthed in Sanxingtala, Wengniute Banner, Inner Mongolia, years ago in Hongshan Culture197/KLOC-0.

Jade Pig Dragon is carved from a dark green xiuyan jade with a height of 26 cm and a C-shaped body. Its nose stretches forward and tilts upward, its mouth is closed, it has two nostrils side by side, its eyes are prominent, its tail is slender and tilted upward, and its head is engraved with a plaid pattern. Above the faucet is a long bristle of 2 1 cm. It seems to have the characteristics of a pig's head and has the reputation of "the first righteous dragon in China"

If the dragon is hung by a line, the dragon mouth and the dragon tail are just on a horizontal line, that is to say, the vacant place is just at the balance point of the jade pig dragon.

Fourth, the stepmother bronzes Fang Ding, 1939 Unearthed at Yinxu Site, Wuguan Village, Anyang City, Henan Province.

Fang Ding is 133 cm high, 1 10 cm long, 79 cm wide and weighs 832.84kg. The tripod is square in shape, and its four walls and feet are decorated with gluttonous patterns. The tripod ears are decorated with fish patterns and tiger cannibalism patterns. The tripod belly is engraved with the word "stepmother E". This is the heaviest ancient Chinese bronze found so far.

Interestingly, this country's heavy weapon is "one ear". It turns out that when this Fang Ding was discovered, China was in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and the discoverer sawed off two tripod ears. After the founding of New China, only one of them was found. 1959, the museum decided to hire Pan, a master of bronze restoration in Shandong Museum, to imitate a "false ear" according to the existing ding ear. Now there is a restored Fang Ding.

The bronze statue of May 4th Sheep, a bronze ware dating back 3000 years, 1938 was unearthed in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province.

The bronze statue has a maximum diameter of 44.4 cm, a height of 58.6 cm and a weight of 34.6 kg. This is the largest existing bronze statue of Shang Dynasty in China.

This bronze statue is a sacrifice. The whole body is cast by secondary casting process, and the decorative technique of combining round carving with relief is adopted. The ingenious combination of four sheep and their bodies shows a superb casting level and is called "perfect bronze model" by historians.

The bronze statue has a high circle and a towering neck, and is decorated with banana leaf patterns, triangular real-life patterns and animal face patterns on all sides. The four corners in the middle of the statue are respectively molded with a rolled-horn sheep's head, a sheep's head and a sheep's neck protruding out, and a sheep's body and leg are attached to the abdomen and circled. At the same time, the statue is centered on all sides, that is, between two sheep, and a double-angle faucet is extended.

This bronze statue was unearthed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On the way to Yuanling with the Bank of Hunan Province, the motorcade was blown up by the Japanese invaders, and the bronze tripod was blown into more than 20 pieces. Since then, these fragments have been discarded in a wooden box in the warehouse of Hunan Bank, and no one cares about them for more than ten years. 1952, the Ministry of Culture of New China sent someone to find this broken treasure. Two years later, after four months of efforts by Zhang Xinru, a master of cultural relics restoration, it was finally successfully restored. There are almost no signs of breakage now.

6. 1976 Li Chan, a bronze ware of the early Western Zhou Dynasty, was unearthed in Lingkou Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, 2700 years ago.

It is 28 cm high, 22 cm in diameter and 7.95 kg in weight. Above the upper circle, the belly and square seat are dominated by gluttonous patterns, and the surrounding areas are dominated by dragon patterns, cicada patterns and Yun Leiwen patterns. There are four lines of 32-word inscriptions at the bottom, which record that the king of Wu collected merchants and Jiazi won in the morning and gained political power. Li Chan is the earliest known bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

7. Langyatai Stone Carving was built 2,200 years ago in Langyatai, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province at the end of Qin Dynasty.

Langya stone carving is a cliff stone carving in Qin Dynasty, which is divided into two parts. The first part was carved in 2 19 BC (the 28th year of Qin Shihuang), with 497 words. The first 289 words describe Qin Shihuang's achievements in unifying the world, and the last 208 words record the names of Li Si, Wang Wan and other entourage ministers and the deeds of Yi Ming, so it is also called "Ode to the First Emperor". The second half was carved in 209 BC (the first year of Qin Ershi), with a total of 79 words, which recorded that when Reese accompanied Qin Ershi to visit, he wrote to ask Qin Shihuang to immediately carve an imperial edict beside the stone. Therefore, it is also called "imperial edict II" (one is complacent in this world, and the other is a flatterer in later generations).

It is a calligraphy work of Xiao Zhuan handed down from Li Si, and it is also called "Qin Si Stone Carving" with Yishan Stone Carving, Taishan Stone Carving and Huiji Stone Carving.

According to records, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the first half disappeared. In the second half of the Qing dynasty, the carved stone also cracked and finally fell to the ground. Later, it traveled all over the country, and finally 1959 moved to the predecessor "Chinese History Museum" in Guo Bo, where it has been preserved to this day.

The residual stone is 132.2cm high, 65.8-7 1.3cm wide and 36.2cm thick, and contains 87 characters in 13 rows.

Most of the stone carvings left by Qin Shihuang's military parade recorded in history books have disappeared, leaving only two pieces, of which Langya stone carving is the one with the largest number of words.

Eight, the golden wisp of jade clothes, unearthed in 2000, No.40 Bajiaolang Village, Dingxian County, Hebei Province 1973, the tomb of Liu Xiu, Zhongshan King of the Western Han Dynasty.

This gold thread jade dress is made of jade 1203, with 2567 grams of gold thread. The owner of the tomb was Liu Xiu, King Huai of Zhongshan, a descendant of Liu Sheng, the owner of the Han tomb in Mancheng, Hebei Province, who died in 55 BC. This tomb was burned in the excavation, and this jade garment is the remnant after the tomb was burned.

Golden wisps of jade clothes are the highest standard mourning clothes unique to the Han Dynasty, which generally appeared in the scenery period of Chuanjiang River. The cost of making a medium-sized jade garment is almost equivalent to the sum of the property of 100 medium-sized families at that time. Because of its priceless value, many Hanwang tombs have been stolen many times. During the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Cao Pi of Wei Wendi banned the use of jade clothes, and jade clothes disappeared from the history of China.

Nine, celadon lotus statue, 1400 years ago, Northern Dynasties and Northern Qi Dynasties, 1948 years ago, Feng's tomb in Jingxian County, Hebei Province was unearthed.

At the same time, four celadon lotus statues were unearthed in China National Museum, Beijing Forbidden City and Hebei Museum.

Celadon is a famous traditional porcelain in China. Lotus statue is a representative work of early northern celadon. Judging from the more than ten cultural relics preserved at present, they are all tall. This lotus statue is 59.5 cm high, with a diameter of 12.2 cm and a base diameter of 20.2 cm. The neck is straight, the outer edge is decorated with a pair of bridge-shaped ears, and the neck shoulder has six double-tied ring ears. Stick six flowers and six animal faces, and carve multiple layers of lotus petals. The lid is engraved with lotus petals.

Embossed lotus petals are an important modeling feature of lotus statues. Seen from above, the lotus petals that extend outward layer by layer are like blooming lotus flowers, shaped like Datura altars, and very similar to Yamazaki stupa in India.

Most of the celadon lotus statues come from tombs and should be buried with religious significance. They are likely to be used to place souls, cross over dead souls and save them from the pain of reincarnation. It can be considered that the lotus statue is the product of the combination of Buddhism and China's concept of soul.

The stone fence board of Anji Bridge was unearthed in Zhao County, Hebei Province in Sui Dynasty 1400 years ago.

Anji Bridge, also known as Zhao Zhouqiao, is located in Zhao County, Hebei Province. It is the largest span and the most intact single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge in the world. Its unique construction technology is the first "open-shouldered arch" structure in the history of bridges in the world. It has high scientific research value, occupies an important position in the history of bridge construction in China and has a far-reaching impact on bridge construction in the world.

The fence is rectangular with dragons carved on both sides. On the front, the Ssangyong is covered with scales, and the body is facing like a fence, head to head, and the front paws are pushing each other. On the back, the two dragons walk in opposite directions, with their bodies entwined and their hind legs propped up on the ground.

During the maintenance of Anji Bridge, the silt on the fence was removed. At that time, a * * * dug up more than 1200 large and small bridge stones, but not many stones were spliced, carved and remembered completely. There are seven carved dragon fences, and this fence is one of them.

1 1. Painted relief warrior stone carving, unearthed from the tomb of Chu King in Quyang, Hebei Province, 1 100 years ago, the first year of Tongguang in the Five Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty.

This painted warrior statue, with a height of113.5cm, a width of 58cm and a thickness of11.7cm, is a stone carving of the town tomb. Carved in high relief on a rectangular white marble, dressed in armor, holding a sword, wearing a phoenix helmet, pedaling like an ox monster, holding a pearl phoenix bird on his head, holding a sword in both hands, and the tip of the sword pointing to the lotus in the monster's mouth, this image is based on the Buddha, the protector of Buddhism. Its artistic style inherits the charm of the Tang Dynasty and provides extremely valuable information for the study of ancient paintings and sculptures.

One of the tomb owners of this stone carving is an important general in the buffer region of Hebei Province. During his lifetime, he worshipped the righteous and martial ambassadors of the Tang Dynasty and controlled Yizhou, Dingzhou and other places. His adopted son, Wang Du, launched a mutiny and put Wang under house arrest, and eventually died of grief. In order to save his reputation, Wang Du built a luxurious mausoleum for his adoptive father. This stone carving was originally embedded in the side of the tunnel behind the tomb door. 1May, 994, the tomb of Wang Chu was stolen. In 2000, this stolen painted relief warrior stone sculpture appeared at the China cultural relics auction in new york, USA. After repeated representations by the China government, on May 23rd, 20001,the US Customs returned it to China at the World Trade Center.

12. The woodcarving statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva was purchased from overseas collectors at the end of the Song Dynasty 1000 years ago.

The sitting statue is two meters high and well preserved. Bodhisattva wears a tall corolla with a delicate face, curved eyebrows, slightly open eyes, slightly pursed lips, large earlobes, full cheeks and a slight smile. Look dignified and serene, as if entering the realm of no self.

The return of the sitting statue has not only become the largest collection of wood carvings in the Song Dynasty in domestic museums, but also made up for the blank of wood carvings in the Song Dynasty in China. It has high historical value and is also a rare artistic treasure.

13. The stone carving with double phoenix and unicorn pattern was unearthed in the Yuan Dynasty 700 years ago, in the West Zone of Beijing Huapi Factory in the Ming Dynasty 1966.

The stone carving is105cm long,120cm wide and13cm thick. The main body of the picture is decorated with four arcs, and the pattern of double phoenix playing with beads and tangled branches set each other off. The logo of a double-crowned rooster is the same as that of golden pheasant, parrot mouth, mandarin duck body and Dapeng wing, but there are two differences: one is that the lower crowned rooster has a crown similar to Ganoderma lucidum, and the other does not; The second is that the lower crowned rooster has five wavy tail feathers, and the upper crowned rooster has curly tail feathers, which should be the difference between male and female. There are two Kirin chasing and frolicking under the light, and the background is Haitao pattern. Both sides of the stone carving are decorated with tangled branches.

This stone carving has a beautiful layout and natural craftsmanship. It is an exquisite stone carving art in the Yuan Dynasty, and it should be the Dan stone in the palace or royal garden.

Guan Feng, the empress of filial piety, was unearthed in Dingling, Changping County, Beijing 400 years ago 1957.

The rockhopper is 48.5 cm high, the crown is 27 cm high, the diameter is 23.7 cm, and it weighs 2320 grams. The rockhopper is made of lacquer bamboo and silk. The front is decorated with nine golden dragons, with beads dripping from their mouths. There are eight golden phoenix below, followed by a golden phoenix with nine dragons and nine phoenixes. The left and right decorative points at the lower part of the rear side are inlaid with golden dragon balls and three temples. This crown is inlaid with more than 100 raw natural rubies and more than 5000 pearls.

Apart from the colorful jewels on the crested rockhopper, the emerald is the most attractive part. Diancui is a traditional jewelry making process in China. The feathers around the neck of a live kingfisher are cut with scissors, and then the feathers are arranged on a sticky base on a map with tweezers. Kingfishers who have been plucked often die quickly.

1933, with the extinction of kingfisher feathers used in Diancui, the last Diancui factory in China was finally closed, and Diancui was replaced by blue burning technology.

Fifteenth, the "treasure of the emperor" jade seal, 350 years ago in the early Qing Dynasty.

This jade seal is 16. 1cm in height, 16. 1cm in side length and 9.8cm in buckle height ... The seal is engraved in Yang, which means "the treasure of the emperor" in Chinese. The seal button is in the shape of a dragon. The seal of the Qing emperor was called "Yu Bao", which was originally placed in the Jiaotai Hall of the Forbidden City and managed by a special organization-Shangbao Division.

During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government had 29 imperial treasures, five more than that of the Ming Dynasty, and this seal was used most frequently by the Qing government at that time. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial treasures were re-examined and ranked, and 25 imperial treasures were specified, which standardized the scope of use of each treasure.

This kind of "treasure of the emperor" is mainly used by the emperor to issue imperial edicts, so it is the most frequently used party among the 25 parties.

Sixteen, Yuanmingyuan mouse head rabbit head, 260 years ago in the early Qing Dynasty. It turned out to be a bronze statue of Dashuifa in front of Haiyan Hall in the West Building of Yuanmingyuan.

The bronze statue of the animal head of Yuanmingyuan was designed by Italian European missionary Lang Shining, supervised by Frenchman Michel Benoist and made by Qing court craftsmen when Haiyan Hall, a historic site of Yuanmingyuan, was built in 1759 (the 24th year of Qianlong).

1860 After burning Yuanmingyuan, it was plundered and lost overseas.

On June 28th, 20 13, after the previous "auction event", the rat head and rabbit head of Yuanmingyuan were finally donated to the China National Museum by the French Pino family after a hundred years of wandering.

Imperial seal of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, late Qing Dynasty, 160 years ago.

This seal of Hong Xiuquan is an important historical relic in the modern history of China. The jade seal is made of white jade, and the exquisite pattern of Feng Dan Chaoyang is engraved on both sides of the seal buckle, surrounded by the twin peaks of Shuanglong. The surface of the seal is 20 cm long and 20 cm wide, which is larger than all the jade seals in the Qing Dynasty. The seal is engraved with auspicious rhyme 1 1, a total of 44 words, which is very strange and different from the national seals of previous dynasties.

This seal was obtained by Zeng Guofan after the fall of Tianjing, and has been hidden in the military department. After liberation, it was returned to the Museum of Chinese Revolution.

18, west facade of China National Museum, 1959 completed. One of the top ten buildings in the 1950s.

The National Museum of China, formerly known as the National Museum of History, was established in 1920 and the Central Revolutionary Museum in 1950. 1959, the 10th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), one of the top ten buildings in the 1950s, saw the completion of two new sites. 196 1 was renamed as "Chinese History Museum" and "Chinese Revolution Museum" and officially opened to the public. On February 28th, 2003, the two museums merged and the National Museum of China was formally established. In March, 1965, after more than four years of reconstruction and expansion, Guo Bo opened to the outside world again.

This reconstruction and expansion preserved the west, north and south facades of the original museum. Especially the main entrance of the colonnade gate on the west side, the porch is located on the stone steps of grade 22 granite, which consists of 24 square stone pillars, 32.7 meters high and 1.5 meters wide, and the lower part is a granite sumeru. A pier with a height of 39.88 meters is arranged at both ends of the porch. The eaves at the top of the porch are covered with yellow glazed tiles with green patterns, and a group of red flags in the center of the top stand out. Its overall tone and style echo the Great Hall of the People opposite Tiananmen Square, retaining the overall appearance and skyline of Tiananmen Square and keeping the overall image of Tiananmen Square balanced and consistent.

The main entrance and exit on the west side of China National Museum has a history of more than 60 years. It is a cultural relic in itself. It has witnessed the development of our country and witnessed many deeds. I don't need it now, but if I have time, I must go and have a look.

At present, Guo Bo has moved the coffee shop to the north hall, near the north glass window. Drinking coffee with Guo Bo characteristics and looking at the red walls and golden tiles of Tiananmen Square in the distance through the shuttle traffic, I think you will never find such a place in the long river of Chinese culture!