Difference and connection between classicism and modernism?

A literary trend popular in Western Europe, especially in France, in the 17th century. It was called "Classicism" because it was modeled on ancient Greek and Roman literature in literary theory and creative practice. In France, from the beginning of the 17th century to about 1660, it was the stage of gradual formation of classicism, which was mainly manifested in the stereotyping of classical literary language and the establishment of various literary genres. The poet Malherbe and the grammarian Vougera, among others, played a great role in this regard.

Vozhila adopted the language of the court and the aristocracy, rejected the colloquial language of the common masses, and formulated the norms of formal French. The literary language of classicism was this formal French, not the language of the common people, and in 1634 the poet Mélée first implemented in his tragedies the strict "troika", which required that the plot be confined to the same event, occurring on the same day (within 24 hours) and in the same place. Classical tragedy writers basically follow the "three uniform" writing. Representative writers of the first phase of classicism include Gonaye and Pascal. From 1660 to 1688 was the most prosperous period of Classical literature, represented by Racine, Molière, La Fontaine, Bossuet and Boileau. From 1688 to 1715, it was the period of the decline of classicism, the representative writers are Labruyère, St. Simon and Fenelon and so on.

Modernism

Modernism is a bourgeois literary trend popular in Europe and the United States in this century, and it is also a reflection of the social crisis, spiritual crisis and artistic crisis in the contemporary Western world in the field of literature and art. It is derived from the French word Moderne, which has the meaning of up-to-date, modern and pioneering.

In the early twentieth century, in some big European countries, a number of novelties appeared one after another in various fields of literature and art, such as abstraction in painting, anti-Henricianism in music, anti-realism in sculpture, futurism in poetry, stream-of-consciousness in novels, and Expressionism in dramas, and so on. In the 1920s, it gradually converged into the social scene of modernism, or modernism. Its main characteristics are: opposition to the classical artistic tradition, in the subject matter, techniques, and strive for novelty, novelty, in the spirit of hysterical madness, writers strive to explore not the external objective world, but the author's own poor and empty inner world. They rejected Balzac's critical realism as dull, monotonous, and mechanical; they worshipped the psychoanalysis of the Austrian pathologist Sigmund Freud, advocating the depiction of dreams and the subconscious realm, and pursuing the expression of the "mysterious kingdom of abstraction" that people felt in an instant. Western scholars call this kind of literary thinking, which advocates anti-realism and advocates writers' arbitrary behavior and crazy self-expression, the modernist trend in general.

Modernism mainly includes German-centered Expressionism, Italian-centered Futurism, French-centered Transcendentalism, and British-centered Stream-of-Consciousness Literature that emerged in the 1920s; it also includes Existentialist Literature, Absurdist Drama, New Novelists, Beat Generation, and Black Humor that emerged in the 1930s and 1960s. It is generally recognized that Joyce of England, Proust of France and Kafka, an Austrian Jewish writer who wrote in German, are the representative figures of European and American modernist literature.

Modernism in the West is a product of capitalism's entry into the monopoly stage and the influence of various irrationalist philosophies and social trends.

Since the second half of the 19th century, various literary and artistic trends in the West have been collectively referred to as "modernism," which aims to express a spiritual reflection of the profound changes that have taken place in the 20th century;

The theological trend that emerged within the Catholic Church between the 1890s and the beginning of the 20th century, which aimed at reinterpreting Catholic teachings in terms of modern philosophies.