Education Development in Longzhou County

According to "Guangxi Yearbook" records; in 1935, Longzhou County in the county table certificate center elementary school (now Xinhua Primary School) attached to a class of young children, 38 children, caregivers 2 people, annual expenditure of 576 yuan. At that time, most of the young children admitted to the hospital were military and political officials and children of economically wealthy families.

After the liberation, since 1954, began to set up the park to do early childhood education. At that time by the county women's federation, the county federation of trade unions jointly organized a staff children's kindergarten, two classes, more than 100 children, teachers, 4. 1958 in order to facilitate the children of the general public into the park, expand enrollment, set up four parks, 17 classes, the children into the park amounted to 569, there are 28 teachers of young children; 1963, due to the adjustment of the national economy, the enrollment was compressed to 7 classes, enrolled 364 people; "Cultural Revolution", pre-school education is despised, only 2 kindergartens, 2 classes, 96 children enrolled, 5 teachers, many children can not be enrolled to receive pre-school education. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, from 1980, in addition to kindergartens, part of the completion of the primary school also opened a preschool class, absorbing six-year-old preschool-age children enrolled.

In 1981, the establishment of the county early childhood care leading group, a deputy governor as head, the county Women's Federation, the Education Bureau has a leader in charge of early childhood education, but also equipped with a full-time early childhood education counselor; each township to designate a township cadres to grasp the work of early childhood education.

In the spring of 1985, the county, in addition to the three public professional kindergartens and a nursery school, pharmaceutical factories, canneries, Xiaxiu Sugar Factory, cultural centers, Nanning Teacher Training College and other units of the early childhood classes, as well as Hailong, Xingren, new streets and other streets of the knowledge of young people running their own family nursery classes. By the end of 1985 developed to 52 classes, young children enrolled in 855, 74 teachers, including 8 employees; pre-school classes 32 classes, 1468 children. 1980 to 1983, from the local financial allocation of 237,500 yuan, the construction of Longzhou kindergarten, Xinhua kindergarten teaching building and Limin kindergarten, the County Nursery School classrooms, an area of * * * 2079 square meters. Teaching curriculum includes language, calculation, physical education, music, games, art, etc., providing young children with "moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic" all-round development education. In 1912, Zhennan Road Middle School was founded, which was the first middle school in Longzhou County (the predecessor of Tongfeng College), and was changed into the 7th Provincial Middle School in the 9th year of the Republic of China (R.O.C.). After R.O.C. 30, private Yuanchun Middle School, Longjin County National Middle School, Shangjin County National Middle School, and National Overseas Chinese Middle School No. 2 (moved to Longzhou from Lechang County, Guangdong Province in R.O.C. 35) were opened one after another. In R.O.C. 38, there were 5 middle schools in the county, ***36 classes, 1431 secondary school students in school.

In December 1949, Longzhou County was liberated. The people's government received the former guangxi provincial seventh middle school, the national second overseas Chinese middle school, longjin county first junior high school about 1287 students (including 128 high school students). 1950, the middle school was adjusted. in July, the second junior high school in longjin county (jinlong junior high school). in August, the provincial seventh middle school and the second overseas Chinese middle school merged into the "guangxi provincial longzhou middle school". in september, the provincial seventh middle school and the second overseas Chinese middle school merged into the "guangxi provincial longzhou middle school. In September, the second junior high school enrollment two classes, 100 students. 1953, the implementation of educational reorganization, from the past spring enrollment changed to the fall enrollment. 1954, there is a high school, 15 classes, 568 students, junior high school 2, 15 classes, 759 students. In that year, the secondary school set up people's scholarships, expanding the enrollment of children of workers and peasants, increase education funding, new school buildings, sent in *** party members to move the school to strengthen the leadership. 1956 autumn, the people's government allocated funds to create the third junior high school in Longjin County (i.e., the lower frozen junior high school). In that year, there was a complete middle school, junior high school 3, 272 students in high school, junior high school students 1,229. 1958, in the "drum up energy, striving for excellence, faster and better construction of socialism," the general line of encouragement, the county's full-time secondary school development to 8. Among them, there were 3 public secondary schools with 1,463 students and 5 private secondary schools with 660 students. The county people's government proposed: "to actively implement the 'mass schooling, thrift schooling, hard work and thrift schooling' policy," the county founded 24 agricultural secondary schools, with 1,971 students, three kinds of secondary school students *** 4,354 (of which 260 in high school) During the "Great Leap Forward" period, students stopped classes to participate in the iron and steel refining, disrupting the school's teaching-centered order, leading to a decline in the quality of education. 1960, the implementation of the policy of "consolidation and consolidation, improve quality, appropriate development", the agricultural secondary schools without the conditions for school consolidation and restructuring. In 1960, implementing the policy of "rectifying and consolidating, improving quality and appropriate development", the agricultural secondary schools which were not qualified to run schools were merged and adjusted. Accordingly, the fourth and fifth junior high schools were established in Shukou District on the border and Shangjin District in the remote mountainous areas. In that year, there were 6 general secondary schools in the county. Among them, there was one complete secondary school and five junior high schools. In 1962, the national economy carried out the eight-point policy of "adjusting, consolidating, enriching and improving", and the People's Government of Longzhou County put forward the instruction of establishing a teaching-oriented, comprehensive arrangement of school work order, and according to the actual situation, not only did it not increase the enrollment quota but also reduce the pressure of the county town and take care of the mountainous farmers' children to go to school near by, and set up the fourth and fifth junior high schools in the remote mountainous areas. The children of farmers in the mountainous areas were enrolled near the school, and 50 students were enrolled in the high school class in Jinlong Mountain High School. Due to the difficulties of national economy, Shuikou Middle School and Shangjin Middle School were forced to stop operating. The county still kept Longzhou middle school, Jinlong middle school and Longzhou No.1 middle school, with 1,826 students (including 325 high school students). 1965, continuing to carry out the instruction of Chairman Liu Shaoqi on the implementation of "two kinds of education system and two kinds of labor system", Longzhou County, in addition to continuing to run a good agricultural middle school, continued to compress the general middle school, converting the original Xiajiao Junior High School into a high school, which was the first one in the country. The original Xiajiao Junior High School was changed to Longzhou County Xiajiao Farming and Reading School, and in 1966, during the "four clean-up" campaign, the attached junior high school class was opened in Bajiao Commune's Hubi Completion Primary School, with 36 students. in August, the county's primary and secondary schools carried out the "Cultural Revolution", and most of the In August, the county primary and secondary schools to carry out the "Cultural Revolution", the vast majority of secondary school students have to go out of crosstalk, out of the community revolution, schools were forced to suspend classes. The school leaders were criticized as "capitalists" and 40% of the teachers were shocked and rejected. The school was in a state of anarchy. The books in the school library were classified as "poisonous weeds" such as "feudalism and capitalism" and were burned, and many valuable instruments and chemicals were stolen, resulting in heavy losses. Until April 1968, Longzhou County "Revolutionary Committee" was established, the following article emphasized that "resume classes and make revolution". In August, the Longzhou County Workers' Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team was stationed in the school to take part in the school's fight and reform, and in October 1969, Longzhou County responded to the initiative of Shandong Province's "Wanghou" to set up junior high schools in villages and senior high schools in societies. According to statistics, there are 1 county-run middle school, 2 junior high schools, 5 community-run high schools, 2 complete middle schools, 1 junior high school, complete elementary school attached to junior high school classes 31 school sites. Basically, there are high schools in every township, with 5,436 students (including 459 high school students). 1970, the County Revolutionary Committee put forward the initiative of "learning from Tsinghua, catching up with Guiping, catching up with the education revolution in our county", and the number of county-run high schools was increased from 1 in 1969 to 7, and that of junior high schools was increased from 2 to 6. The number of high school students increased to 1,028, and that of community-run high schools was increased to 2. The number of high school students increased to 1,028, and the number of middle school students increased to 5,026. Because of the additional general high schools and the additional students, while 50% of the teachers were taken from the elementary school teachers, many teachers were not competent to teach in the middle school. In addition, the schools to carry out the old and new, reform the old teaching methods, the implementation of school and social activities combined, take the approach of going out, please come in, and factories, rural areas linked to the students to learn the work, learn agriculture, learn the military. Old workers and poor peasants were invited to the school to talk about the history of factories, villages and families. Also organized students to participate in various types of criticism, the quality of education declined greatly. 1973 ~ 1976, the first half, education emphasized to take the "five-seven" instructions, the implementation of the "open door school". The county set off a "learning Chao Nong, catch Chao Nong" (that is, learning Liaoning Chaoyang Agricultural College to transfer the school to the rural areas to run the experience) of the craze. Secondary schools have to go to the mountains to plant cassava, sugar cane. They went to the foot of the mountains to set up farms and establish branch schools. Students took turns going to the branch schools to attend classes and work. In some cases, labor was used as a substitute for learning. Most of the subjects taught in class were planting and raising knowledge, giving up the teaching of basic knowledge in the subjects. The quality of teaching is deteriorating. According to the 7 years from 1970 to 1976, among the 200 new students sent to colleges and universities, 18 of them were young people with social knowledge below junior high school education level, and 7 of them were only elementary school students. In Shanglong Township, 4 graduates from Wuquan High School were sent to colleges and universities for training, and returned to their hometowns to be assigned to junior high school courses, but they were incompetent, and as a result, they had to be decentralized to teach in elementary schools or change their careers. Longshan Village, Shangjin Township, a semi-literate youth into the teacher training school to train, after three years of study and incompetent elementary school teaching, the school had to be assigned to do some odd jobs.

In 1977, after the fall of the Gang of Four, the anti-Party and anti-socialist poison of the Gang of Four was criticized. The government vindicated teachers' wrongdoings, restored their reputation, and implemented policies that put them in a good mood to revitalize Longzhou's education. The county's secondary schools to restore the normal teaching order, school spirit, teaching style, learning style greatly improved, the county has 14 general secondary schools. There are 14 general secondary schools in the county, of which 4 are county-run secondary schools and 9 are community-run secondary schools. In 1980, adhere to the implementation of the "compression of high school, adjust the junior high school, strengthen the elementary school" rectification policy, the county has a high school 4, junior high school 8, elementary school attached to the junior high school class by the "Cultural Revolution" office. The county has 4 high schools, 8 junior high schools and 10 primary schools with junior high school classes run by the "Cultural Revolution", which are divided into 61 completed primary schools. The number of school students was 9,474 (of which 2,869 were high school students). 1981-1985, adhering to the principle of "adjusting, reorganizing, strengthening and improving", Longzhou Middle School was changed into Longzhou Senior High School, with 3 complete middle schools and 12 junior high schools. 1985, there were 9,796 school students (of which 1,468 were high school students), with 1,468 high school students attached. In 1985, there were 9,796 students in the county (of which 1,468 were high school students), and the complete primary school with junior high school classes was only retained in the middle school class attached to the shipping elementary school run by the enterprise, with 122 students. Longzhou County Academy, teachers are hired by the rich people in each township. Some of the county Bugong, lifts, Xieyuan, GGS, etc. for the academy lecturer.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the supervisors of the government-established academies were appointed by the officials, and the teachers were employed by the supervisors.

During the Republican period, secondary school principals were nominated by the provincial education department and reported to the provincial government for approval of appointment, while principals of central national schools and national basic schools were nominated by the county education section and reported to the county government for approval of appointment. Elementary school teachers are generally employed by the principal, hired for half a year or a year. The appointees are required to submit their documents for inspection and send them to the county for sealing, and those who are qualified are hired.

Republic of China 37 years, the county has 48 junior high school teachers, 19 high school teachers, 28 senior primary school teachers, junior primary school teachers 139 people. The county's teaching staff was 286.

After the liberation, the Party and the People's Government attached great importance to the development of education. In accordance with the principle of "maintaining the status quo, immediately open the school", the county people's government of the original teachers in the school before the liberation of all retained the appointment, to ensure that all types of schools need to run the school.

In 1951, the county people's government made provisions for the appointment of teachers: "Anyone who has a new democratic revolutionary ideology, aspiring to education supervision of the university, high school, junior high school, or the equivalent of intellectual young people are welcome to participate in education work". After that, the state allocated graduates of secondary and higher teacher training colleges and universities, as well as absorbed young intellectuals with a certain level of education and teaching ability from the society, and re-returned military personnel, etc., to enrich the teaching force; after 1971, in the face of the continuous development of education and the increase in the number of schools and the insufficiency of teaching personnel, 766 young intellectuals were selected from the young people who went to the countryside and returned to their hometowns to serve as private teachers in the schools; and after 1979, to rectify the wrongful convictions and to give the "young people of knowledge" the opportunity to work in the education sector. From 1979 to 1980, according to the instructions of the central government on the conversion of private teachers to public teachers in the border areas, all private teachers in the county were transferred to public teachers. In 1979-1980, according to the instructions of the central government on the conversion of private teachers in border areas into public teachers, 783 private teachers in the county passed the business and cultural examinations and were converted into public teachers.

As of 1985, there were 1,695 public elementary school teachers, 365 secondary school teachers, and 2,060 ****, 7.2 times the number of teachers in 1949. Those with university diplomas accounted for 3.3% of the number of teachers in 1964; in 1985 they accounted for 10.4% of the number of teachers. With a high school or middle school diploma, 18.6 percent in 1964; 40.2 percent in 1985.

Since the reorganization of teachers in 1954, party committees and governments at all levels have strengthened their leadership of schools and implemented policies for intellectuals. According to 1985 statistics, the establishment of the party branch of the five townships and townships education counseling stations and schools; the establishment of the party branch of the 141 schools, the county has *** production party members 527 teachers, accounting for 22.5% of the total number of teachers; there are *** youth league members 179 people. There are 5 teachers were elected to the various sessions of the county people's representatives, there are 7 were elected to the county leadership, respectively, as a member of the county party committee, deputy director of the county people's congress, the county vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and other important positions. There are 99 were elected to the county, region, autonomous region, the country's advanced workers, model teachers and classroom teachers. 1985 county teachers after the title rating, 26 senior secondary school teachers, secondary school teachers 133; 296 senior elementary school teachers.

Early in the liberation period, the county's teachers practiced the work-point system. 1956 wage reform, primary and secondary school teachers according to the position held, work experience, literacy, and teaching level, respectively, assessed the salary level. 1963 to 1971, the state has twice to primary and secondary school teachers salary adjustments. 1977, to 60% of the teachers to raise the grade in 1979 to 40% of the teachers to raise the grade in 1982 to give teachers a general raise. In 1982, teachers were given a general salary increase of one grade, and from 1985 onwards, in addition to the basic salary, teachers were also given a seniority allowance and a technical allowance. After several consecutive salary adjustments, primary and secondary school teachers' salaries have been increased substantially. 1985, the county's primary and secondary school teachers' salaries amounted to 2.951 million yuan, elementary school teachers' monthly basic salary of up to 110 yuan, secondary school teachers' monthly salary of up to 119 yuan.