Characteristics of clay sculpture modeling and color

Common sense of clay sculpture modeling 1. Information about clay sculpture

Historical clay sculptures are commonly known as "colored sculptures".

The origin and development of clay sculpture art is an ancient and common folk art in China. It takes soil as raw material and is shaped by hand.

Or plain or colorful, mainly people and animals. The clay sculpture art in China can be traced back to the Neolithic Age from 4000 years ago to 1000 years ago.

There are many discoveries in prehistoric culture and underground archaeology. Pottery pigs and sheep unearthed from Hemudu cultural site in Zhejiang Province date back about six or seven thousand years. Ancient pottery wells, mud pigs and mud sheep heads unearthed from Peiligang cultural site in Xinzheng, Henan Province, date back about 7000 years.

It can be confirmed that it is a work of art made by hand in early human history. Since the Neolithic Age, China clay sculpture art has been uninterrupted, and it has become an important art variety in the Han Dynasty.

Archaeologists unearthed a large number of cultural relics from the tombs of the Han Dynasty, including a large number of pottery figurines, pottery beasts, pottery carriages, pottery boats and so on. Some are hand-pinched, and some are molded.

The ancestors of the Han Dynasty believed that the dead had the same material needs as life. Therefore, a large number of funerary objects are needed in funeral customs, which objectively promotes the development and evolution of clay sculpture.

After the Han Dynasty, with the rise of Taoism and the introduction of Buddhism, as well as polytheistic worship activities, Taoist temples, Buddhist temples and temples rose in society, which directly promoted the demand for clay sculpture idols and the development of clay sculpture art. In the Tang Dynasty, clay sculpture reached its peak.

Yang Huizhi, known as the master of sculpture, is an outstanding representative of sculpture in the Tang Dynasty. After studying under Wu Daozi in Zhang Sengyou, Hui Zhi was unwilling to lag behind. He resolutely burned the brush and inkstone and devoted himself to plastics, eventually becoming a famous artist.

Only then can it be praised by the world: "Tao painting, the plastic of wisdom, can get the pen of Tao monk." With the development of clay sculpture art in Song Dynasty, not only the large-scale Buddha statues with religious themes continued to prosper, but also the small clay toys developed.

Many people specialize in clay figurines and sell them as commodities. The famous clay figurine toy "Moeli" in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty was sold around July 7th. Not only ordinary people buy them for "cleverness", but also dignitaries buy them in Chinese Valentine's Day to play.

After the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, clay sculptures, especially small clay sculptures, are still popular in society, which can be used not only for viewing furnishings, but also for playing with children. It is produced almost all over the country, among which the famous producing areas are Huishan in Wuxi, Zhangman in Tianjin, Fengxiang in Shaanxi, Baigou in Hebei, Gaomi in Shandong, Xunxian in Henan, Huaiyang and Beijing.

Clay is the basic material for making craft clay sculpture, which needs careful preparation. Generally, the soil with fine viscosity is chosen, and it is beaten, dripped and rubbed, and sometimes cotton wool, paper or honey is added to the soil. The molding of clay sculpture is generally divided into four steps: being a child, turning over the mold, being born, and coloring.

To be a child is to make a prototype, find a good piece of mud, shape an image by carving, molding and kneading, and then modify, polish and dry it. In some places, it needs to be burned to enhance its strength. Turning over the mold is to press the soil on the prototype and print it into a mold. Generally, there are single-piece molds and double-piece molds, and there are also multiple molds.

Bodybuilding is to press the clay figurine blank with a mold. Usually, the mixed mud is rolled into a sheet, then pressed into a mold, then the two molds pressed with mud are closed and pressed, and then a "bottom" is installed, that is, a piece of mud is stuck on the lower part of the clay figurine to make the clay figurine hollow and compact, and a hole is left in the carcass to make the air inside and outside the carcass circulate, so as to avoid damage to the clay tire caused by the change of air pressure in the fetus. The last process is coloring, which is commonly known as "three-part plastic and seven-part color separation".

Generally, a layer of ground color is applied before coloring to keep the surface smooth and easy to absorb the painted color. The painted pigment is versatile, mixed with water gel to enhance color adhesion. Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Caisu developed in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. It was initiated by Mr. Zhang Mingshan and has been circulating for 180 years.

Zhang Caisu, a clay figurine, has distinct artistic features of realism, which can truly depict the character and posture of the characters. Pursuit of anatomical structure, exaggeration and rationality, proper choice; Color, elegant and beautiful. Clay figurine Zhang Caisu is suitable for indoor furnishings, generally small in size, about 40 cm, and can be placed on a desk or shelf.

It is made of pure clay with low sediment content and no impurities, which is weathered, beaten, filtered, dehydrated and repeatedly crushed by cotton wool. Hand-molded by artists, naturally air-dried and painted.

Wuxi colored sculpture has a history of 400 years. Through the artistic practice of artists of past dynasties, Huishan clay figurines, which are world-renowned, have been created.

Huishan clay figurines are rich in categories, which are divided into coarse goods and fine goods. Coarse goods, also known as playing with goods, are mainly based on good luck and blessing. They are printed in molds and drawn by hand. Their shapes are exaggerated, their lines are simple and clumsy, they look plump on the whole, they use a wide range of pens and have strong color contrast.

Mainly for children to play with. Boutiques are mainly shaped by hand.

Most of the content is based on drama, so it is called hand-kneading drama. Also pinch Buddha statues and works that reflect current life.

A work starts from the foot, from bottom to top, from inside to outside, and is combined in sections in one go. Exquisite brushstrokes are used in the painting, from head to toe, from the expression of characters to the pleats of clothes.

Hand-cranked drama reproduces the typical scenes of drama performance, highlights the instantaneous expressions of drama characters, and is vivid in shape, colorful, pleasing to the eye, beautifully decorated and enduring. It is an ornament in people's homes and a good gift.

The production method is to mix a little cotton fiber into the clay, tamp it evenly, knead it into mud blanks with various patterns, dry it in the shade, expose the bottom powder, and then color it. The main reason for the development of clay sculpture art in China is the folk custom of martyrdom, worshipping Buddha statues and playing with objects for primitive people.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, clay sculpture reached its peak. Famous clay sculptures include the Bodhisattva in Dunhuang, Gansu and the maid-in-waiting in Taiyuan, Shanxi. By the Qing Dynasty, clay sculpture had formed two famous schools in the north and south: Tianjin clay figurine Zhang in the north and Wuxi Huishan clay figurine in the south.

"Clay figurine Zhang" refers to Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Changlin, a family of sculptors. His works are characterized by realism, character modeling, voice and smile, and color decoration, all of which emphasize the word "elephant". His sons, Zhang and Sun, Zhang Jingju, inherited their ancestral business and made contributions to China's color plastic arts.

Huishan clay figurines can be divided into two categories: one is "clay wants goods" for children to play with, and "Daafu" is the most typical work. Its shape is plump, lively, vigorous and concise, with bright and warm colors and strong local flavor.

The other kind is "hand-kneading drama", which mainly shapes opera characters. This kind of clay figurine pays great attention to the description of species and exaggerates the modeling appropriately.

2. What do you need to master to learn clay sculpture?

Clay sculpture takes human body sketch as the main content and human body structure as the criterion.

Students are required to follow the proportional dynamics and anatomical structure of the natural form of the human body. Observation and understanding always regard human modeling as the highest requirement of clay sculpture performance, but ignore an important issue-the language of sculpture.

Here we should distinguish between body language and sculpture language. Let's review the development of sculpture art first. From ancient Greece to Rodin in the classical period, the human body has always been the only important proposition in sculpture.

From Rodin's artistic practice, people gradually saw an independent sculpture language. Such as Balzac and dancer series.

Obviously, Rodin has gradually shifted his attention from expressing the vivid changes and emotional conflicts of human bones and muscles to the lumps and sense of form formed in the natural movement of human body. Rodin has noticed the influence of the characteristics of sculpture materials and the shaping process on his works, and began to look for sculpture language outside the human body.

The awakening of materials has a far-reaching impact on later development. Today, we habitually regard Rodin as the last monument of classicism. Both its artistic pursuit and its scornful attitude towards academic school are getting rid of the influence of classical style, but it has not completed the transformation from body language to sculpture language. This question was later left to Matisse and Broncusi.

Speaking of Rodin's contribution to the development of sculpture, Degas, another contemporary artist, even surpassed him in some sense in inspiring modern sculpture. Clay sculpture training should combine the sense of shape and material.

Create a brand-new thing that is independent of your own subjective thoughts. In training, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, combine interests, keep a clear head, feel what we have and accept what we see.

The standard of "accept when you are ready" is the expressive force of the work, which can show the unity of material and modeling in the work and experience the inspiration from the modeling process. In training, we should consider diluting the concept of realism, find our own feelings and make sculptures in our own language.

At any time and at any stage, the plasticity and texture of clay can not be ignored. Clay sculpture is to apply the feeling of nature to mud and form the existence of mud in space.

Stimulate our imagination and make the works have a language that is divorced from human anatomy. It can not only express the shape, but also has independent aesthetic value. Like stone, wood and bronze, its natural properties make us get the most direct sense of * * * in the molding process.

3. What is the basic method of clay sculpture?

The basic methods of clay sculpture are as follows:

The molding of clay sculpture is generally divided into four steps: being a child, turning over the mold, being born, and coloring.

1, to be a child is to make a prototype, find a good piece of clay, shape an image by carving, molding, kneading, etc., and after modification, polishing and drying, some places need to be fired to strengthen the strength.

2. Turning over the mold is to press the soil on the prototype and print it into a mold. There are usually one-piece molds and two-piece molds, and there are also many molds.

3, bodiless, is to use the mold to print the clay figurine blank tire, usually first roll the prepared mud into a sheet, then press it into the mold, then close the two molds that have pressed the mud, and then install a "bottom", that is, stick a piece of mud on the lower part of the clay figurine to make the clay figurine hollow and compact, and leave a hole on the carcass to make the air inside and outside the carcass circulate, so as to avoid damaging the clay tire due to the change of air pressure inside the carcass.

4, coloring, this is the last process, known as "three-part plastic, seven-color separation." Generally, a layer of ground color is applied before coloring to keep the surface smooth and easy to absorb the painted color. The painted pigment is versatile, mixed with water gel to enhance color adhesion.

Extended data

Clay sculpture maintenance

1, natural factors include the influence of humidity, the change of internal structure of water-soluble salts and supports, the growth of microorganisms, the change of physical climate (usually referring to temperature and humidity), the invasion of sunlight, rain and sandstorms, and the role of atmospheric pollutants. In addition, incorrect repair methods and the use of some inappropriate repair materials often accelerate the deterioration of clay sculptures.

2. The common pathological phenomena of clay sculpture mainly include puffiness, peeling, crisp powder, nail cracking, foaming, degumming and peeling, picture fading, discoloration, pollution (mildew spots, insect excrement spots, smoke, etc. ).

To preserve clay sculptures for a long time, it is very important to create a good protective environment. Preventing the occurrence of pathological changes is more important than treating them. Only by thoroughly eliminating the root causes of pathological changes can clay sculptures be fundamentally protected.

3, the protection of clay sculpture is important to control humidity. Because humidity is the most dangerous factor causing wall diseases. Buildings should maintain good ventilation conditions, which is of great significance to preserve the integrity of clay sculptures.

The walls should be kept naturally ventilated, the air in the building should be kept clean and dry, and there should be no weeds near the building. The environment in which murals are preserved should be suitable and relatively stable in temperature and humidity, and the fluctuation should not be too great. As long as this can be done, it is difficult for microorganisms such as mold to grow and develop.

4, avoid the influence of light, never direct sunlight on the clay sculpture. If too much water has been removed, it is usually beneficial to keep it in the dark. It is best to use artificial light source for lighting, which is convenient to control the illumination and effectively eliminate the damage of light to clay sculpture.

It is necessary to prevent dust, soot and various harmful gases from harming clay sculptures. Small and medium-sized clay sculptures, as personal collections, should also abide by the above storage matters.

Style characteristics of clay sculpture

Modeling characteristics of clay sculpture style

From the modeling characteristics, the statue of Emperor Xiaowen before the reform has a long square face, a flat nose, a long neck, a wide shoulder and a flat chest, a right-exposed or shoulder-worn dress style, and a bodhisattva high bun. Influenced by foreign and northern minority cultures.

After Emperor Xiaowen's reform, the aesthetic concept of the Central Plains gave Dunhuang figures a comprehensive influence from modeling to clothing. North and South aristocratic families enjoy hereditary senior officials, have family studies, have high cultural attainments, advocate light metaphysics ideologically, live a detached and independent life, and attach importance to thinness.

Beauty, which is also the social basis of aesthetic consciousness of "showing bones and clearing images". Affected by this, the statue has a flat shape, a slender neck and a slender face, and its overall image is thin without losing its bones, and its ability to express its body structure has been enhanced.

The costume part of the statue is also integrated into the Hanfu of the Central Plains. The Buddha statue is wearing a pair of cassock, with a long skirt around the waist and draped over the shoulders. The free and easy "showing bones and clear images" in the south has been reflected in this period.

In addition, in the Northern Zhou Dynasty at the end of the Northern Dynasty, due to the unification of northern nationalities and the strengthening of cultural exchanges between the North and the South, a new form of "short and bright face" appeared in sculpture modeling. The Buddha statue is characterized by a big head, a strong body and a square face, which marks another change in the artistic style of the Mogao Grottoes.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were turbulent times of wars and disputes in China's history, and the changes of social politics and economy constantly impacted and influenced culture. Although Dunhuang is in a relatively stable position, its grotto art is constantly influenced by the great cultural background, which makes the art of this period present a rich and changeable face.

The production method is to mix a little cotton fiber into the clay, tamp it evenly, knead it into mud blanks with various patterns, dry it in the shade, expose the bottom powder, and then color it. Ali's production flow chart, this production need not be so troublesome, just knead it into Ali's appearance.

Sogou encyclopedia-clay sculpture

4. The concrete production method of simple clay sculpture

Required materials: cohesive soil, cotton wool, filter screen and a small amount of water.

1, choose red clay with mud, strong viscosity and less sand. The mud kneader needs fresh mud (or mud with moderate humidity). Generally, sticky and delicate soil is selected for beating, dripping and rubbing, and sometimes cotton wool, paper and honey are added to the soil.

2 preparation and cultivation: dry the clay in the sun, stir and filter it for three times to make a delicate clay embryo, and then beat it repeatedly until the clay has toughness, and then start molding.

3 molding, manually knead the clay figurine into the shape you want. If it is the first time to do it, you can choose something simple and easy to use, such as some small animals.

4. Dry in the shade, clay figurines dry in the shade.

Extended data:

Clay sculpture, commonly known as "painted sculpture", is an ancient and common folk art in China folk tradition. That is, folk handicrafts that shape clay into various images. The production method is to mix a little cotton fiber into the clay, tamp it evenly, knead it into mud blanks with various patterns, dry it in the shade, coat it with base powder, and then color it.

It takes soil as raw material, hand-shaped, or plain or colorful, with figures and animals as the main ones. Clay sculpture is commonly known as "painted sculpture" and "clay play" among the people. Clay sculpture originated in Fengxiang County, Baoji City, and is popular in Shaanxi, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Henan and other places.

Since the Neolithic Age, China clay sculpture art has been uninterrupted, and it has become an important art variety in the Han Dynasty. Archaeologists unearthed a large number of cultural relics from the tombs of the Han Dynasty, including a large number of pottery figurines, pottery beasts, pottery carriages, pottery boats and so on. Some are hand-pinched, and some are molded.

The ancestors of the Han Dynasty believed that the dead had the same material needs as life. Therefore, a large number of funerary objects are needed in funeral customs, which objectively promotes the development and evolution of clay sculpture.

5. Some basic knowledge needed to make sculpture.

One of the plastic arts of sculpture.

Is the floorboard of sculpture and shaping. Use plastics (such as clay and sludge). ) or carved (such as metal, wood, stone, etc.). ) material, to create a variety of images with real volume.

Because it occupies three-dimensional space (length, width and height), it is also called "space art". Others call it "visual art" or "tactile art".

Generally divided into round carvings and reliefs. It can also be divided into outdoor sculpture and indoor sculpture.

Because materials can be preserved for a long time and can play a role in decorating and beautifying buildings and utensils, they are often permanent and memorable. In the Neolithic Age, there were realistic and decorative sculptures in China, and there are still many today.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there appeared the beautiful jade carvings with quietness, childishness and realism, and the severe and mysterious bronze reliefs, which constituted the decorative style mainly with geometric patterns. Sculptures in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are diverse in style and unified in strong movement and decorative deformation.

Sculptures in the Qin Dynasty replaced the fighting sense and decorative style in the war years with the static, dynamic and dignified realistic style. Sculptures in Han Dynasty show the depth of social reality with profound content and distinct sense of movement.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the sculptures in stone kilns and temples tended to be diversified in style and category. Sculptures in the Tang Dynasty are plump and beautiful, magnificent and timeless.

Sculpture in Song Dynasty was good at expressing real life and made innovations in sculpture techniques. Sculptures in Qing Dynasty are flashy and complicated.

Sculpture art is easy to understand, which can break through the limitations of language, writing, country and nationality and vividly record social life such as science, culture, economy, politics, military affairs and customs. It has considerable artistic value and historical value, and is a precious material for studying human history. Terms of silent sculpture.

A sculpture exercise. Generally speaking, after the basic practice of carving and sketching people (or things) (or during the practice), we only rely on memory and don't look at the real thing.

It is one of the basic training courses. It can consolidate the image memory and strengthen the understanding of the natural laws of characters.

Terminology of rapid plastic sculpture. A sculpture exercise.

Generally speaking, in a short time, plastic mud or plastic materials are molded into a sketch sculpture with the action form and charm of objects in a short way. It is an independent course and a shortcut to collect stereoscopic image data.

It can cultivate keen observation, vivid memory and the ability to draw objects quickly. Stone carving is also called "stone carving".

One of the carving arts. It is an integral part of China's five sculpture traditions (pottery, wood, stone, copper and clay), and it is a sculpture variety classified by material.

In ancient times, large grottoes, cliffs, tombs and architectural carvings were mostly stone carvings, and a large number of grottoes are still preserved. Stone whales in Qin dynasty are huge stone carvings, while jade carvings are mostly small.

The materials used for learning are marble (white marble is one of them), bluestone, granite, sandstone and so on. Because stone materials are natural and can be preserved for a long time, stone carving has become the main art variety of large-scale commemorative and decorative carving.

Traditional stone carving uses axe, hammer and chisel as tools. In modern times, it has been replaced by glycerol, gunpowder and simple machinery. Because of the variety of stone carvings, colorful and rich textures, they are integrated with the sky and landforms, and the materials and textures are integrated with the scenery, such as Leshan Giant Buddha, which gives people lofty beauty enjoyment.

One of the woodcarving arts. It is an integral part of China's five sculpture traditions (pottery, wood, stone, copper and clay), and it is a sculpture variety classified by material.

Commonly used are nanmu, camphor tree, cypress, boxwood, longan, mahogany, pear, poplar, mulberry root and other fruit trees; Generally, the composition takes the width around the log as the eye, and mainly focuses on carving small indoor works such as figures, landscapes, flowers, feathers, pavilions, animals and waterfowl. Paying attention to the knife method and style, using the natural characteristics of wood itself to find the internal expressive force of materials, which is different from the subtle changes in surface color, texture and structure, has a unique artistic interest.

China has a long tradition of woodcarving, such as the legend of Chu tomb woodcarving and Luban woodcarving, the decoration of various parts of ancient wooden buildings, and a large number of woodcarvings are the main parts of the building. There are also large indoor wood carvings, mainly as religious idols. The giant wooden Buddha in Yonghe Palace and the giant Guanyin statue made of glued wood blocks in Chengde are both famous wood carvings.

Bone carving, also known as "bone carving", is a kind of carving art. One of the carving varieties classified by materials.

Refers to patterns or images carved on animal bones or bone products. Because the bones are delicate and firm, they are suitable for carving those delicate images.

Human ancestors created China's sculpture art with rough bone carvings. The bone needle unearthed from Zhoukoudian cave site in the late Paleolithic period 600 ~ 1 10,000 years ago is one of the oldest sculptures in China.

Beginning in primitive society, it is an art between painting and sculpture. Neolithic age is a variety of small sculptures, and its bone carvings have made great progress, including line carvings, thin reliefs, round carvings and other forms of decorative items.

Neolithic bone carving crafts unearthed in Dawenkou, Tai 'an, Shandong Province 1959.

These bone carving vessels are all shaped by using the cavities of animal limbs, or round or triangular, with a height of 6-8 cm. There are various forms of decorative treatment on the wall, or scraping or carving (such as scraping raised strings and grooves, etc.). ), and some holes are inlaid with turquoise.

Crafts carved or inlaid with colored shells. As early as around the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were popular crafts such as snail inlay and shell paste in China.

Varieties are: all kinds of figures, animals, flowers, hanging screens and other furnishings; All kinds of stationery, smoking sets, table lamps and other daily necessities. Rich in color, unique in shape and natural beauty.

The main producing areas are Dalian, Liaoning, Qingdao, Shandong, Beihai, Guangxi and Lufeng, Guangdong. Brick carving is a folk carving handicraft.

Refers to the use of chisels and wooden hammers to drill out simple images of various figures, flowers and so on. Decoration as a part of a building. There are various reliefs, multi-layer carvings, brick piles and so on.

It is quite famous in Beijing, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Jiangsu and other places, and its style is thin in the south and healthy in the north. Clay sculpture is also called "painted sculpture".

Traditional sculpture crafts. It is to mix a little cotton fiber into the clay, tamp it evenly, knead it into mud blanks with various patterns, dry it in the shade, lay the foundation first, and then color it.

The most famous colored sculptures, such as the Bodhisattva in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and the maids in Taiyuan Jinci, the "Huishan Clay Fighter" in Wuxi and the "Clay Fighter Zhang" in Tianjin, all have their own characteristics.

6. There are stories about the characteristics and forms of clay sculpture.

Hehe, 1. Preparation of clay for clay sculpture.

Step 1: Put the mud into a wooden basin or other container, add water to make mud, remove the sand and impurities in the mud with a sieve, and then put the mud in the sun to evaporate the excess water to make the plastic mud moderately hard. Step 2, cut the plastic mud into blocks and wrap it in plastic cloth for later use.

2. Make clay plastic knives. Take several bamboo sticks with different lengths, widths and widths, sharpen and polish one end of the bamboo stick, and make several large, medium and small plastic knives by this method.

3. Make a clay skeleton. According to the modeling of clay sculpture, making wooden or iron skeleton can increase the firmness of clay sculpture and the complexity of modeling.

4. Start making solid clay sculptures. Clay sculpture is commonly known as "painted sculpture".

China traditional sculpture crafts. The production method is to mix a little cotton fiber into the clay, tamp it evenly, knead it into mud blanks with various patterns, dry it in the shade, expose the bottom powder, and then color it.

The appearance of clay sculpture can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. In the Warring States Policy, the story of Tai Su's resistance to the monarch's entry into Qin was recorded as a couple. The main reason for the development of clay sculpture art in China is the folk custom of martyrdom, worshipping Buddha statues and playing with objects for primitive people.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, clay sculpture reached its peak. Famous clay sculptures include the Bodhisattva in Dunhuang, Gansu and the maid-in-waiting in Taiyuan, Shanxi. By the Qing Dynasty, clay sculpture had formed two famous schools in the north and south: Tianjin clay figurine Zhang in the north and Wuxi Huishan clay figurine in the south.

"Clay figurine Zhang" refers to Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Changlin, a family of sculptors. His works are characterized by realism, character modeling, voice and smile, and color decoration, all of which emphasize the word "elephant". His sons, Zhang and Sun, Zhang Jingju, inherited their ancestral business and made contributions to China's color plastic arts.

Huishan clay figurines can be divided into two categories: one is "clay wants goods" for children to play with, and "Daafu" is the most typical work. Its shape is plump, lively, vigorous and concise, with bright and warm colors and strong local flavor.

The other kind is "hand-kneading drama", which mainly shapes opera characters. This kind of clay figurine pays great attention to the description of species, with exaggerated and decent shapes, concise expression techniques, simple and profound colors and local characteristics of Jiangnan.

Modern famous artists include Hu Xinming, Wang Zhongfu and Yu Qingcheng. In addition, Fengxiang in Shaanxi, Baigou River in Hebei, Huqiu in Suzhou and other places are also important producing areas of famous folk clay sculptures.