Where are the Yunluo popular?

Yunlong is a percussion instrument used by Mongolian, Manchu, Naxi, Bai, Yi, Tibetan and Han nationalities. The ancient name is Yun Zhe, and the folk name is Jiu Yin Gong. Tibetans call Ding Dong and Ding Dang. It is an instrument that can play tunes among gong instruments. It is often used in folk music, local operas and temple music. It is popular in Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Tibet and vast areas of Han nationality.

Yun Gong, also known as Yun Ying. Percussion instrument There have been descriptions of playing Yun Ying in the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Hanchen painted a picture of a peddler in the Song Dynasty, a mural of Yongle Palace in Shanxi Province in the Yuan Dynasty and a decorative painting between the arches of Sanqing Hall. Ten to fourteen small gongs were used in the past dynasties. In the early days, Yunluo was mostly used in Taoist life, and then spread among the people.

Our ancestors arranged small gongs with different pitches very early and used them in music practice. In the picture of a peddler by Su Hanchen, a painter in the Song Dynasty, a peddler hangs several musical instruments, one of which is a ten-faced cloud gong, which is known to have been circulated and used among the people in the Song Dynasty. More than 6 years ago, in the Yuan Dynasty, Yun Gong was not only popular among the people, but also used in court banquets. At that time, it was called Yun Dun. In The Book of Rites and Music of the Yuan Dynasty, there were "Yun Dun, made of copper, was thirteen gongs, with the same wooden frame, with a long handle under it, held in the left hand and struck with a mallet in the right hand." This is also the earliest record in the literature. Yun Gong was also used in religious music in the Yuan Dynasty. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty mural "Playing Music Map" of Yongle Palace in Yongle Town, Rui County, Shanxi Province, and the decorative painting between the arches of Sanqing Hall, images of playing Yun Gong were painted. The murals in the palace reflected Taoist life, indicating that Yun Gong had been used in Taoist music in the early days. According to the historical records and murals of the Yuan Dynasty, there are ten, thirteen and fourteen-tone gongs. In the early Qing Dynasty, the cloud gongs had developed to twenty-four tones, and the Record of Yangzhou Paintings recorded that fourteen-tone cloud gongs had been popular in Fujian. According to the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, Yunluo has been widely used in the court music of Qing Dynasty, such as ceremonial music, danbi music, neutral music, guiding music, cymbals and cymbals, triumphant songs, celebrating the joy of the gods, giving banquets and so on. In the Qing dynasty, there was a "Yun Gong Pu" handed down from generation to generation, which was collected by the famous Peking Opera performance artist Mr. Mei Lanfang, who used Yun Gong in the play "The Legend of Tai Zhen". After the "Yun Gong Pu", Mr. Mei gave it to his friend Mr. Song. The "Spectrum" introduces the rhythm of the Yungong and the specifications and sizes of each side of the Yungong in detail.

the cloud gong consists of a gong body, a gong frame and a gong pestle. The gong body is made of copper, the gong surface is convex, flat without navel or slightly radian, and the gong edge is different, except perpendicular to the gong surface, and extends outward in parallel with the gong surface, with a circle of flat gong edges. There are three or four gong holes drilled on the edge of the plane gong, which are threaded with silk threads and hung in the wooden lattice of the gong frame according to their phonemes. Traditional cloud gongs are mostly composed of ten small gongs, with a flat gong edge diameter of 9.7-11 cm, a convex gong surface of 1.3-1.7 cm and a gong surface diameter of 7-8.5 cm. According to the sound level, the size and thickness of the ten small gongs are slightly different. The gong frame is made of wood, with a height of 76 cm and a width of 5 cm. It is divided into three fans, the left and right fans are divided into three squares, and the middle fan is divided into four squares, each with a width of 13.4 cm and a height of 12.8 cm. All three fans are inserted on a wooden handle to make it a whole. Gong pestle is made of wood, with a handle about 33 cm long and a wooden pestle at one end. There are also gongs with bamboo handles and horns. When playing, use your left hand to hold the wooden handle of the gong frame or put the wooden handle on the table, and use your right hand to strike with a single pestle, which takes less time; You can also put the gong stand on the table without holding the wooden handle, with the upper part raised as an inclined plane, or lean against the wall and stand on the ground, and knock with one pestle in each hand. This method takes more time. The phoneme arrangement of the cymbals varies with different regions and music types, with ranges of G1-B2 and A1-D3, respectively. The phoneme arrangement of the cloud gongs used in Beijing Zhihua Temple's "Beijing Music" is in line with the phoneme arrangement of the ten-sided cloud gongs contained in the Qing Dynasty's "The Post-edition of Lv Zheng Yi" (written in 1764), which is an ancient arrangement method. Phoneme arrangement of "Beijing Music" in Zhihua Temple in Beijing: 62 households in Gong Er.

Yunluo is widely circulated in all parts of China, and it is mainly used in drum and percussion music, Buddhism and Taoism music with a long history. Playing in southern Jiangsu, ten drums, ten gongs and drums, ten gongs and drums in Fuzhou, singing in Hebei, advocating in Shandong and drumming in Shanxi.