What are the main types of infrastructure?

According to its location or nature of use, infrastructure can be divided into the following categories: \x0d\ rural infrastructure \x0d\ Referring to the relevant laws and regulations of new rural construction in China, rural infrastructure includes: agricultural productive infrastructure, rural living infrastructure, ecological environment construction and rural social development infrastructure. \x0d\( 1) Agricultural productive infrastructure: mainly refers to modern agricultural base and farmland water conservancy construction; \x0d\(2) Rural life infrastructure: mainly refers to infrastructure construction such as drinking water safety, rural biogas, rural roads and rural electricity; \x0d\(3) Ecological environment construction: mainly refers to the current livelihood and long-term development issues such as natural forest resources protection, shelter forest system, seedling project construction, ecological protection and construction of nature reserves, wetland protection and construction, and returning farmland to forests. \x0d\(4) Infrastructure for rural social development: it mainly refers to the infrastructure that is conducive to the development of rural social undertakings, including rural compulsory education, rural health and rural cultural infrastructure. Strengthening rural infrastructure construction is of great significance for increasing farmers' income, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and realizing rural modernization. \x0d\ urban infrastructure \x0d\ urban infrastructure refers to the engineering facilities that provide * * * the same conditions and public * * * services for the direct production departments and residents' lives in the city, and is the general name of engineering infrastructure and social infrastructure necessary for the survival and development of the city and the smooth progress of various economic activities and other social activities. It is particularly important for production units, and it is one of the necessary conditions for production units to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. Generally speaking, urban infrastructure projects mainly include: \x0d\ 1. Residential buildings such as residential areas, villas and apartments \x0d\2. High-end hotels, shopping malls, office buildings and other office commercial buildings \x0d\3. Oil, coal, natural gas, electricity and other energy and power projects \x0d\4. 5. Environmental protection water conservancy projects such as reservoirs, dams, sewage treatment and air purification. Telecommunications, communications, information networks and other post and telecommunications projects \x0d\ Generally speaking, urban infrastructure refers to engineering infrastructure. (1) The project infrastructure mainly includes six systems: \ x0d \ a. Energy supply system: including electricity, gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and heating; \ x0d \ b. Water supply and drainage system: including water resources protection, waterworks, water supply pipe network, drainage and sewage treatment; \ x0d \ C. Transportation system: divided into external transportation facilities and internal transportation facilities. The former includes aviation, railways, shipping, long-distance buses and highways; The latter includes roads, bridges, tunnels, subways, light rail viaducts, public transportation, taxis, parking lots, ferries and so on. \ x0d \ d. Post and telecommunications systems: such as post, telegraph, fixed telephone, mobile phone, Internet, radio and television, etc. \ x0d \ e. Environmental protection and sanitation system: such as landscaping, garbage collection and treatment, pollution control, etc. ; \ x0d \ f. National defense disaster prevention and safety system: such as fire fighting, flood control, earthquake prevention, typhoon prevention, sandstorm prevention, ground subsidence prevention, air defense, etc. \x0d\(2) According to the nature of services, it is divided into three categories \ x0d \ a. Production infrastructure. Including water supply, power supply, road traffic facilities, storage equipment, post and telecommunications facilities, sewage, greening and other environmental protection and disaster prevention facilities for the production sector; B. social infrastructure. Refers to all kinds of institutions and facilities that serve residents, such as commerce and catering, service industry, financial and insurance institutions, housing and public utilities, public transportation, transportation and communication institutions, educational and medical institutions, cultural and sports facilities, etc. C. institutional guarantee institutions. Such as public security, politics and law, urban construction planning and management departments. With the development of economy and science and technology, the level of infrastructure has been continuously improved, with more types and better services. \x0d\(3) Social infrastructure generally refers to administrative, cultural, educational, medical and health facilities, commercial services, financial insurance, social welfare facilities, etc. \x0d\(4) Urban infrastructure should generally have the following characteristics: \ x0d \ a. Productive \ x0d \ b. Publicity and public welfare \ x0d \ c. Natural monopoly \ x0d \ d. Cost precipitation \ x0d \ e. Bearing \ x0d \ f. Advance. As the carrier of urban operation, urban infrastructure is closely related to the natural appendages of the city, including land, water and mineral deposits. It is based on the original natural appendages, and it is established by people's processing and transformation, and is restricted by nature. To build and transform urban infrastructure, we must make rational use of natural resources and protect the ecological environment. Urban infrastructure is fixed in form, and most of them are permanent buildings in physical form, which can be used for urban production and residents' life for a long time, and cannot be updated frequently, let alone dismantled and abandoned at will. \x0d\ Infrastructure construction * * Enjoy the \x0d\ Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan urban agglomeration. Under the guidance of integrated planning, it is decided to develop the three cities in groups, interconnect the infrastructure, * * * build an urban agglomeration with beautiful ecological environment, and devote itself to infrastructure * * * *. Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration guides project construction and builds a powerful modern infrastructure platform for new development according to the principles of moderate advance, rational layout and * * * co-construction and * * * sharing. Put forward the "new five-in-one" construction of "the same transportation network, the same energy body, the same information sharing, the same ecological construction and the same environmental governance". The Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration should build a modern transportation network with reasonable layout and efficient utilization, a safe and reliable energy system, an information platform of "triple play", a green ecological system and a complete system of Xiangjiang flood control facilities, form a powerful network supporting new industrialization and new urban agglomerations, and take the lead in making contributions to the country's exploration of regional infrastructure construction and enjoyment of * * * management mode. \x0d\ infrastructure development mode \x0d\ refers to the process of arranging the development order of infrastructure construction and direct production departments when formulating social and economic development plans and economic growth strategies in various countries and regions around the world. The main representative theories are Rosenstand-Rodin's "priority development" theory and Hirschman's "pressure" theory. From the development history of the world economy, the development modes of infrastructure are mainly divided into three types: advanced, synchronous and lagging. \x0d\ advanced type refers to a period when infrastructure construction is ahead of direct production activities, representing Britain and other countries; \x0d\ synchronous type means that the infrastructure adapts to the needs caused by production and consumption, and the direct production department develops synchronously with the formation and expansion of infrastructure, and the representative countries are the United States, Canada, Sweden, etc. \x0d\ lagging type means that the infrastructure development lags behind the direct production sector, representing countries such as the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and most developing countries.