Discussion on how to inherit the modern landscape design "Chinese gardens"

The predecessor of modern landscape design is garden design.

In many different forms and styles of garden design, Chinese gardens are good at expressing the natural scenery in the world's gardens in a unique way. As early as the sixth century A.D., China's gardening art has begun to spread to Japan. So far, the Japanese garden architecture, point landscape and garden name, but also often borrowed from the classical Chinese; China's garden art not only in Asia to influence Japan and other countries, and also spread to Europe. From the end of the seventeenth century, Europe is interested in the lively and natural treatment of Chinese gardens; to the eighteenth century, the British imitation of the Oriental landscape garden reached its heyday; soon France was also influenced by the emergence of a Chinese-style landscape garden. Chinese garden design can so influence the world, and from the seventeenth century until today, unabated. This is probably because of the European and American gardens, to rigid system of soft, to the building as the center, the garden to accompany. Layout is also affected by the Arab symmetry and hard straight edge, so that the organic body is slightly rigid. Its buildings are still the main garden, stone and wood second; Japanese gardens to Zen as the main stem, the development so far, infiltrated into the color of religious philosophy is very strong, the garden to help meditate, more than a static view, less for the life of the use of; only Chinese gardens can be thought of available, can be viewed can be traveled, can be removed from the mundane, but also to enable the visitors to stay in the garden without losing the appearance of the gods. Therefore, it can be spread far and wide overseas, and is good for people from all over the world.

Inheritance of the "Chinese garden" is not a rigid copy. Traditional Chinese gardens in ancient times only for a few people to enjoy, for the feudal emperors, aristocrats and bureaucrats and scholarly service. It expresses the philosophy of life and aesthetic taste and today's new era has a great distance, some of its creative ideas and techniques are distinctive of the times, and has its adaptive scope. Times are different, should not be regardless of the conditions, everywhere to apply the traditional garden practices. For example, stacked rockery, which is the main means of traditional gardens, is the main theme of the performance of the landscape must be. It is in the private garden area is limited and closed space is the typicalization of natural mountains, although the actual scale and volume are not large, but still can reflect its high and deep realm, like nature. However, now there are some cities, regardless of the occasion, stacked rockery into the wind, whether it is a park or an open square are stacked, the result is a large volume of rockery, but still does not show the momentum of the mountains, like a pile of rocks, spend the money, the cost of manpower, the effect is not good. Of course, there are also dealing with good, that is the traditional rockery technology to transform, to modernize the material instead of lake stone and yellow stone and other expensive natural stone, emphasizing the overall effect, and properly deal with the relationship with the surrounding environment, such as Guangzhou Liu Hua Lake next to the rocky landscape, still known as the natural, is the inheritance of the traditional rockery and innovation. In addition, the classical gardening emphasizes the scenery into the picture, often curved bridges without thresholds, the path must be intestines, corridors must be nine back. These can not be used everywhere. Nanjing Jinling Hotel's outer courtyard, yellow stone stacked pool bank, rockery, the use of flat-roofed veranda, and modern architecture to achieve coordination, is a good reference.

In the process of development of modern landscape design, the western style of gardening was popular for a while, first embodied in the real estate industry, developers in order to play a good effect, they tend to enable foreign design organizations, the results of the design of the effect of many is pure western garden style, everywhere is Roman columns and European sculpture, in the planting of plants pay attention to the group planting, the flower group, luxury and grandiose, the traditional style of garden art is difficult to find in China. Chinese traditional style of garden art is hard to find. In the early stage of its emergence, people marveled at its grandeur and luxury, at the same time, its methods are also doubly novel, agreeing with its open and unrestrained style, so that this style and style in the late nineties reached its peak. Similarly, other landscaping is also affected by the deep, such as road greening, street vignettes, large plazas and so on have a strong western garden color, the traditional garden style by a serious challenge, but also by a good baptism, inevitably stamped with the imprint of the times.

It is true that the exchange of different cultures between various countries and nations is a major driving force for the development of the whole world and various nations, and it can be said that there is no development without exchange. However, this kind of "cultural transfer" without digestion and absorption will certainly produce some lifeless landscape garbage, due to the age of landscape construction, in a long period of time to occupy a place in the city.

And through the analysis found that some of these side effects brought about by the Western garden winds happen to be able to be solved in the essence of Chinese gardens: First, the landscape design is too planar

People tend to marvel at the design of the drawings of the plane pattern of the fabulous, but the fact is, in person in the construction of the finished landscape site, completely unable to appreciate the designer's "ingenuity". Unique craftsmanship". Under the blazing summer sun, people walk across the square in a hurry, no time to care about the flowers and grasses full of leveling. Large-scale layout, so that the landscape design has become purely decorative, and people have a great distance. However, Chinese gardens focus on spatial changes, pay attention to vertical scale, and emphasize communication and dialogue with people. Large and medium-sized gardens are generally surrounded by several different realms of secondary scenery around the main scenery, forming a clear distinction between the main and secondary, the scenery of the garden landscape. Each scene itself is a three-dimensional spatial picture, with the change of viewing orientation and angle, will make the picture change. And the designer will also be on the scene for detailed analysis, comparison and combination, design a few of the best tour route. These routes to travel in a variety of the best dynamic viewing points and static viewing points organically linked together, so that the view of the scene to form a picture of the opening and closing changes, the contrast between the real and the virtual and the rhythm of the rhythm of the unity of the continuous picture.

Modern landscape designers should grasp the design ideas, in the design of the actual situation and the plane drawings organically combined together, from the beginning to consider the design from the perspective of space, and often to the identity of the ordinary visitors and the visual perspective to review and modify their own design, so that the design can exude vitality.　　Second, the landscape design is too isolated

The isolation here refers to the design of things not linked to the surrounding environment and its own geographical conditions. Some of the current builders commonly used method: the first whole a large area of flat land, and then the landscape is arranged in the best line of sight, they think the most satisfactory position, design enough hard ground and parking lot, paved with turf ......, the original natural stone was buried by the bulldozer, the original trickle of springs are filled in, the water went into the underground pipeline. Fertile topsoil and even wildflowers were covered with washed gravel, and some exotic trees and plants were introduced to replace the original plant landscape. ...... In this way, both the designer and the owner were happy, and they insisted that this was a "man-made paradise". In fact, it is the destruction of the natural appearance, resulting in the surroundings with the extremely uncoordinated "landscape stains".

Chinese gardens, however, advocate "natural". From the old Zhuang revered nature to the expression of natural beauty as the main theme of landscape poetry, landscape painting and the emergence of landscape gardens, the development of the philosophical concept of harmony and unity between man and nature. This concept has a profound impact on the creation of Chinese garden art, emphasizing the "law of the heavens noble true", "natural interest in nature", against the law and against the natural artificial carving. Ji Cheng in the "garden metallurgy" in the stacked mountains, put forward "although made by man, just like from the sky" is also the "natural" as the principle of the creation of garden scenes and artistic standards.

Landscape construction is the most ideal use of nature's original terrain, it is hundreds of millions of years of gradual formation, with nature itself inherent coordination, the use of both labor-saving and rich natural interest. As a matter of fact, due to people's unlimited reclamation, mining, construction projects, now the city and suburbs have rarely preserved the original natural terrain. Landscape designers can not continue such destruction, but to draw on the ideas of the previous generation, pay attention to the following two aspects:

1, to the natural landscape learning. The landscape created by nature, in the macro aspect to understand its geological structure, to understand the dependence of terrain and water system, to understand its morphological performance. There is a certain familiarity, and then further record the natural landscape in time and space of the process of change. If it is a natural landscape to be utilized for development, further detailed investigation is required to determine its use based on the natural properties of the land. If the decision is made arbitrarily without investigation, its utilization will be a failure. In the design of the eighteen bends around the Taihu Lake, the designers of each hillside are soil and terrain analysis, come up with the corresponding design program is very successful.

2, to combine near and far. Natural terrain can accommodate man-made facilities when necessary, including a variety of human landscape. In time to combine the near and far, for the consideration of future development should leave room. For example, in the road landscape design, if the designer did not investigate the nature of the land, to be auctioned out of the land as a permanent land for the system of high-cost design, rather than a temporary green instead, then undoubtedly caused a waste of human and financial resources. In space should also be a combination of near and far, because any of the humanities landscape is used to view the scenery, but also by distant visitors to view, which is also known as the Chinese garden "borrowed scenery" art techniques. "The scenery is not bound to the near and far", "Jia is collected, common is screened". Borrowed scenery borrowed skillfully, can form a beautiful picture.　　Third, the landscape design content and the idea of pale

This point has two meanings: one is the designer itself for the construction of the landscape and landscape, did not think of combining culture to do some articles; the other is the designer before the design of a lot of historical and cultural things, in the design of the description is also very good to use these in, and gave it a loud theme, but in the end of the final construction, people can not feel a little cultural atmosphere, but also the design of the landscape design, and the design of the landscape design, the design of the landscape design, and the idea of landscape design, and the idea of landscape design. One cannot feel a bit of culture, and it is even very different from the design intent. In other words, you can't integrate the actual design with the design ideas.

In fact, this is not a disadvantage of the Western garden style, because in its native land, its design also has its own spiritual soul. The problem is that we ourselves in the process of learning the Western garden to the essence and spirit of it lost, just imitate a little form. Of course, the pursuit of formal beauty is also a part of landscape design, but the design without cultural heritage inevitably looks thin and lifeless, but also not conducive to the development of the whole city, the whole society.

This point in the Chinese garden and was interpreted to the fullest.

Chinese garden is different from other gardens in the world's most important feature of the garden system is that it does not create a specific garden image in front of people as the ultimate goal. It is the pursuit of the expression of the meaning of the shape, the image of the image, which is also known as the mood. Context, in essence, is the garden owner aspires to, from which the emotions, concepts and philosophy of an ideal aesthetic realm. It is through the garden owner of the natural scenery of the typical generalization and refinement, endowed with some kind of spiritual emotional support, and then guided and deepened, so that the viewers (including the garden owner himself) in the tour viewing these specific scenes, touching the feelings, produce *** Ming, stimulate associations, the scene in front of us for the continuous supplement and expansion, the perception of the scene of the hidden emotions, concepts, and even intuitively experiencing some kind of Philosophy of life, so as to obtain the spirit of a kind of transcendence and freedom, enjoy the aesthetic pleasure.

Modern people live a fast-paced life, not like the ancients generally enjoy flowers and drink wine all day, leisure and elegant, and will not produce so many rich emotions. But as a member of society as a whole, must always be associated with everything around. Good landscape designers can insight into human emotions, cultural and philosophical aesthetics, its works will produce more with the social monolith **** Ming. This is what we hope to see.

In summary, the Chinese garden still has a strong vitality, in the construction of modern parks and scenic areas to get new additions and development. It can be believed that a new landscape design science rich in Chinese traditional cultural characteristics will be gradually enriched, perfected and matured in the development of modern socialist landscape construction.