What are the main types of ancient architecture in China? Name their representative works respectively.

China has a vast territory and many nationalities. Different regions and cultures gave birth to different styles of housing forms and evolved into various architectural factions. According to different styles and uses, China traditional architecture can be divided into the following six categories: Huizhou School, Fujian School, Beijing School, Jiangsu School, Shanxi School and Sichuan School.

1 Huizhou school

Xidi and Hongcun in Yixian County, the most representative Huizhou folk houses, were listed in the World Heritage List in 2000. The architectural styles of Huizhou folk houses are "three wonders" (folk houses, ancestral halls and memorial archways) and "three sculptures" (wood carving, stone carving and brick carving). Blue tiles and white walls are the outstanding impression of Huizhou architecture.

In addition to the basic shape of high walls, Huizhou folk houses are characterized in that each household is centered on the patio, and rainwater falling from the roofs on all sides flows into the patio, which is commonly known as "four waters return to the hall", which also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "fertilizer and water do not flow to outsiders".

2 Minpai

Folk houses of Fujian School are a popular architectural style in southern Fujian, among which "earth building" is its most distinctive representative. Fujian Tulou, distributed in most parts of the province, especially in Zhangzhou and Longyan in southwest Fujian, is a defensive residential building for ethnic minorities.

Generally, single buildings are large in scale, and the common types are circular buildings, square buildings, Wufeng buildings (mansion-style) and palace-style buildings. There are complete production, living and defense facilities in the building, among which the most famous are Hua 'an Eryi Building, Chengqi Building, Yongding Sincere Building, Kuiju Building, Fuyu Building, Nanjing He Jiong Building and Tianluokeng Earth Building Group, and Heping Wusheng Tower is a typical representative of Fujian Earth Building.

3 Beijing school

Siheyuan in northern China is the most typical Beijing-style building, and Siheyuan is the most typical Beijing-style building. Siheyuan is a traditional residence in Beijing and even North China. The construction of quadrangles pays great attention to geomantic omen. From site selection to determining the specific scale of each building, it must be carried out according to the theory of geomantic omen.

The basic feature of quadrangles is that houses and courtyards are symmetrically arranged along the north-south axis, facing south, and the gate is generally opened in the southeast corner. There is a screen wall inside the door, so outsiders can't see the activities in the yard. Beijing has a warm temperate and semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with little snow in winter and heavy sandstorm in spring. Therefore, the residential design pays attention to heat preservation, cold protection, wind protection and sand avoidance, and is surrounded by brick walls. The whole yard is surrounded by houses and walls, hard gable roofs, thick walls and roofs.

4 Su Pai

Suzhou-style dwellings refer to the architectural style in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which is the epitome of the architectural style in the north and south, and the garden layout is one of its remarkable characteristics. Soviet-style houses mainly face south, so that they can be leeward in winter and cool in summer, which is full of ancient cultural charm of Jiangnan water town.

The traditional garden layout in China pursues the theory of twists and turns: the garden layout pays attention to structure, twists and turns are deep, circuitous and straightforward, and the relief is undulating.

5 Jin school

Jin School is just a general term, which not only refers to Shanxi area, but also includes some areas of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai, but the architectural style of Shanxi area is relatively mature in these areas. Jin-style architecture can be roughly divided into two categories: one is urban architecture in Shanxi, that is, Jin-style architecture in a narrow sense; The other is cave architecture in northern Shaanxi and its surrounding areas, which is also the most widely distributed architectural style in northwest China.

Historically, Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants have made great achievements in the trade history of China, and formed their own architectural styles on the basis of accumulating countless wealth. Huizhou architecture has been introduced above. Jin architecture is similar to Huizhou architecture in style, with high walls and deep courtyards, white walls and black tiles, and four waters returning to the hall. The overall style of Jin school architecture is rough, similar to that of Beijing school.

6 Chuanpai

Chuanpai architecture is a popular architectural style in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, and it is a unique architectural style of local ethnic minorities. Among them, the diaojiao building in western Sichuan is the most typical one. The climate in the south is humid, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and there are many snakes and insects on the ground, so the enemy gradually evolved a unique architectural style-Diaojiaolou.

The diaojiao building is supported by wooden stakes or stones, the shelves are paved with floors, and the walls are painted with wooden boards or bamboo rafts. Tile or thatch the roof. The window of the diaojiao building faces the river, so it is also called Wangjiang Building. Diaojiaolou is the development of ancient nesting. Dai bamboo building and Dong drum tower are distinct representatives of Sichuan architecture.