When did the book Family Instructions of Yan Family come into being?

Yan Zhitui, a famous scholar in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, was originally from Linyi (now north of Linyi, Shandong). His ancestors crossed the river in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and settled in Jiankang, learning Zhou Guan and Zuo Zhuan. Yan Zhitui's family passed down early. He studied hard, read widely and was good at writing, which was praised by people at that time. /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, Wang Xiaoyi of Xiangdong asked the students to talk about Zhuangzi, while Yan Zhitui listened carefully and explained.

Yan Zhitui was an undisciplined teenager before he was 20 years old. During this period, he once said: "Although I read the Book of Rites and Biography, I am very fond of literature, influenced by mortals, and want to speak out of turn and be hasty." In the third year of Taiqing (549), Yan Zhitui joined the army and changed his name to Cao, who was the right-hand man of filial piety in eastern Hunan. Due to the influence of the style of conversation at that time, he was fond of drinking and sloppy.

Liang Wendi was a secretary in Yunzhou (now Hubei Province) in the second year of Dabao (550). Later, during the Hou Jing Rebellion, Xiao Yi, Emperor of Liang Yuan, stood on his own feet in Jiangling, and took Yan Zhitui as assistant minister, riding in a scattered way. In 544 AD, the Western Wei attacked Jiangling, the city was broken, and Yan Zhitui's family was taken into exile. Li Mu, the general of the Western Wei Dynasty, attached great importance to Yan Zhitui's talents and recommended him as the Pingyang Duke Li Yuan Han Shu who guarded Hongnong. Yan Zhitui is in Hongnong, and his heart turns to Liang. When he learned that the Liang people in Beiqi could return to China, he took his family to the Yellow River by boat, intending to return to Liang via Beiqi, which was called his brave decision. After Yan Zhitui arrived in Beiqi, he heard that Chen Baxian, the general of the State of Liang, abolished the emperor and stood on his own feet, so he gave up his ambition to return to the south and had to go to Beiqi to be an official, only to be a court official, beside his attendants.

In the first year of Heqing, Yan Zhitui was appointed as Zhaozhou Gongcao to join the army, presided over Lin Wen and edited Rural Survey. He is smart, knowledgeable, eloquent and good at writing. He was promoted to be a regular waiter who rode straight away, and soon took over the post of Zhongshu, and was appointed as assistant minister of Huangmen, known as Yanhuangmen in history. In 557 AD, Zhou Bing captured Jinyang, and Qi Emperor appointed Yan Zhitui as the plain satrap, guarding Hejin. After the demise of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Yan Zhitui entered the Northern Zhou Dynasty and became an official there. In 58 1 year, the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished and the Sui Dynasty was established. Yan Zhitui was ordered to rewrite the Book of Wei, and was called a bachelor by Prince Yong Yang of Sui Dynasty. 59 1 year, Yan Zhitui died at the age of 60.

Yan Zhitui was born in the gentry, greatly influenced by Confucian etiquette, and also believed in Buddhism. He is knowledgeable and quick-thinking, so he has served in many regimes and has a high position. His experience is extremely rich, which is the social basis for the formation of ideas in his works. Yan Zhitui wrote many works in his life, including 30 volumes and 20 articles of Yan Family Instructions, 20 volumes of Ji, 5 volumes of Zheng Zi, 1 volume, Shen Huanzhi and Official Me. Although there are some old ideas in the existing Family Instructions of Yan Family, Viewing My Life and Fu, there are also many contents and discourses concerning the society, politics and culture of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which are of high historical value.

As a famous scholar in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yan Zhitui's leading ideology is Confucianism, which advocates benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith, and follows Confucius' theory that "being wise without teaching, being foolish without teaching is useless" and "being middle-aged is better than not teaching". He advocates early education for children, even "prenatal education"; We should not indulge children blindly, but should be strict in education and diligent in supervision and training; Oppose parents to spoil their children. He thinks teenagers are uncertain and easily influenced, and asks him to be cautious in making friends. He paid special attention to learning problems and put forward the purpose of "being wise and understanding" and "happy and bright eyes" to facilitate learning; Emphasize the need for diligent learning attitude and oppose "idleness" and "empty talk"; Advocating "involving things", paying attention to learning practical knowledge, broadening life experience, and opposing "reading behind closed doors", hearsay, opposing learning "useless things" Yan Zhitui's educational thought was not only meaningful at that time, but also had a great influence on later generations. Until today, there are still many lessons to be learned, so it occupies a place in the history of education in China. Since the publication of Family Instructions of Yan Family, scholars have always attached importance to it. Song Benxu said, "Yan Zhitui, assistant minister of Huangmen in the Northern Qi Dynasty, is a scholar with many talents. The mountains are high and the sea is deep. He is often a female court and seaweed role. " "Preface to Jia Shenbo's Taiping Ming Jiajing Engraving Edition" says that his book is "clear in quality, detailed and heavy, flat but not deceitful". If it spreads, "it is not only the cultivation of the Yan family, but also helps the literati to improve themselves and set a good example." Fan Wenlan, a modern historian, thinks that Yan Zhitui was "the most learned and thoughtful scholar" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.