A study on reciting classical Chinese in small topics

1. Small topic research. A set of practical teaching methods that can stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese is explored: 1. Learning methods to stimulate interest, 2. Trust stimulates interest, 3. Introduce and stimulate interest, 4. Writing on the blackboard stimulates interest. Scenes stimulate interest, 6. Aesthetic arouses interest, 7. Make the past serve the present to stimulate interest.

First, the main background of the study.

With the innovation of social culture and the passage of time, the corresponding cultural background, historical conditions and social forms in classical Chinese are far from the living environment of students, and there are also gaps between the expression, expression, vocabulary and grammar of classical Chinese and the real language communication of students. In addition, the subtle meanings hidden in ancient poems increase the difficulty of students' cognitive understanding, so students have certain rejection, alienation and exclusion psychology when learning classical Chinese.

Secondly, there are two misunderstandings in classical Chinese teaching. One is word-for-word decomposition, which teaches classical Chinese as a foreign language, just like learning ancient Chinese anthology. Another is to take an article and start to sum up ideas and analyze the image before you understand it. Classical Chinese reading should be able to read something smoothly and let students feel it themselves. Whether reading classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese, when appreciating literary images, the reason is the same in terms of improving Chinese ability. You can't treat classical Chinese as a foreign language. Classical Chinese, after all, is Chinese in different times. In addition, we can't read classical Chinese as vernacular Chinese, because it has language barriers after all. Therefore, in the teaching of classical Chinese, we should grasp something very related to the theme and use it to do some key anatomy. Especially when reading poetry, we must express our image in language. Without the image from language, others can't catch it.

Moreover, in junior high school, students are only exposed to dozens of classical Chinese texts in textbooks, and the content is relatively short and the learning requirements are relatively low. Most junior high school teachers neglected to summarize and sort out the phenomena and laws of ancient Chinese language. This also leads to students' fear of classical Chinese, and the content and language form of classical Chinese are no longer as simple as junior high school.

In view of this, how to stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese has become an urgent task in classical Chinese teaching.

Second, the summary of the subject content

Concept definition

What is ancient Chinese? As the name implies, it is the language of ancient Han people. Ancient Chinese can be divided into spoken language and written language.

What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period, which has been refined after many times, and the language that later writers imitate their works, such as a hundred schools of thought contend, historical records, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Tongcheng School and so on. , are examples of the practical use of ancient Chinese. In short, classical Chinese is an article written in classical Chinese. Generally, the May 4th period is defined as the dividing line between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.

What is interest? Interest is a special cognitive tendency to things. This is a psychological activity. When it develops into a hobby, it becomes a long-term and relatively stable behavior tendency, which affects people's ability. Interest and hobby are the source of enthusiasm, the need to know and explore something, and the driving force to promote people to know something and explore its development law. It is the most active factor in people's study and work. With an interest in something, you can have great enthusiasm in your behavior.

Through the research of this topic, we will explore a new and effective teaching mode of classical Chinese, so that students can show strong interest and subjective tendency in the process of actively participating in the study of classical Chinese, and then promote the "recognition", "interpretation" and "analysis" of the language, so that students can truly understand the simple classical Chinese and understand its essence, which is beneficial to writing and life.

(2) Theoretical basis

1. Psychology points out that interest is an important psychological factor to promote people's knowledge-seeking activities and learning, which can make people concentrate and actively engage in certain activities. Any activity that suits one's interests is easy to improve one's enthusiasm.

2. Psychological research shows that in the process of language learning, when students focus on the language itself (knowledge and rules), the degree of anxiety is higher, while when they focus on the content expressed in the language, the degree of anxiety is obviously reduced and it is easier to learn.

3. Subjective education theory holds that students are not only the object of education, but also the subject of learning, understanding and development. The influence of education is everything in the external object, and only through students' subjective activities can it be internalized into the quality of the subject. The classroom teaching method that embodies students' subjectivity is a multilateral activity in which teachers and students participate and communicate with each other. Teachers are organizers of teaching activities, students are independent participants in self-development and active explorers and creators. The relationship between teachers and students is democratic, equal and cooperative. This kind of teaching can make students gradually move from "others' learning" under the guidance of teachers to "autonomous learning" based on self-study, and finally achieve the goal of learning to learn and create.

4. Principle of cooperation: In research, it is necessary to change the phenomenon of mutual isolation among teachers, students, families and schools, and emphasize mutual cooperation and promotion.

5. The new curriculum standard points out: "The purpose of moderately strengthening the study of classical Chinese is to encourage students to deepen their understanding of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, enrich their cultural heritage and enhance their cultural taste."

2. Why do you choose to study the cultivation of primary school students' Chinese recitation ability? The new curriculum standard of Chinese proposes to optimize the teaching process, improve teaching efficiency, adhere to the core ability of teachers leading students' subjective thinking, and highlight the cultivation of students' reading ability. Therefore, cultivating students' reading skills is extremely important for Chinese teaching. How to carry out the new curriculum standard and carry out Chinese reading teaching? I think we should start with the following aspects to teach Chinese reading. How to cultivate students' interest in reading? How to cultivate students' interest in reading? We can have fun in reading, or we can have fun in reading. How to cultivate students' interest in reading? First of all, there must be emotional people, which leads to the emotional development of students being easily infected by the teacher's language and expression. In the classroom, teachers should give full play to the inspiring role of language expression to arouse students' emotional transfer. Secondly, it is necessary to set suspense and cause thinking. When teaching the sixth grade Chinese text "Grandma Paper-cut" by Jiangsu Education Publishing House, grandma only heard the paper-cut click, and some lifelike flowers, trees, birds and animals appeared. Can grandma cut things with her eyes? Students are very interested in thinking positively and expanding their imagination boldly. Thirdly, we should use situations to guide feelings into the text, that is, we should use the creation of situations to mobilize students' emotions. When teaching "founding ceremony", ask students to recall the grand celebration on TV or in movies on the 50th anniversary of the National Day, use this scene to introduce "founding ceremony", and learn and relive the grand occasion of 1949 founding ceremony. Discuss the game in groups and get involved in your own understanding, that is, get involved in the game properly, so that classroom teaching can satisfy students' enthusiasm for participation and help students understand the important and difficult points of the text. Emphasize the cultivation of students' reading ability, teach students the basic knowledge of fixed language in reading teaching, develop students' intelligence and cultivate students' abilities of observation, imagination, memory and thinking. The text of the Soviet education edition has a strong sense of the times, which is both literary and beautiful. Because primary school students are good at thinking in images, teachers should carefully design the introduction, be good at using descriptive language with sound and affection, and set off the situation by playing music. Rendering atmosphere promotes students' mood, and pupils who do as the Romans do have strong attention distribution ability, and silent reading leaves students with room for imagination. Teachers should always remind students to use scanning, skipping, focusing on repeated reading and other methods to gradually improve the speed and ability of silent reading. Suhomlinski pointed out: Without memory and recitation teaching and intellectual development, most people learn the language first, and then gradually understand or vaguely know the meaning. With the increase of knowledge and rich experience, there is an epiphany. Pupils have a good memory. This is a good time to learn a language, so teachers should take time in class to guide students to recite recitation items. Only by mastering the fixed reciting methods can they successfully complete the reciting training. Should reflect the level, first require most students to recite correctly, and then require the whole class to recite correctly. Most students should recite with emotion to speed up the recitation. Teach students some skills when reciting. It is much easier for students to recite in sections and then recite together. When reading with a limited number of words, you will often encounter new words. Teachers should teach students to use reference books correctly. Students gain limited knowledge when reading in class. Teachers should actively guide students to carry out early extracurricular reading, guide students to read more and extract good words and sentences selectively, and make students develop good reading habits after repeated training. Third, actively improve teaching methods. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, pointed out that the reading method only explains the meaning of words mechanically and recites sentences. It is more important to compare, summarize, ponder and understand the rules of grammar and rhetoric. It's easy to let go of the idea of trying to find features. Mr. Ye Shengtao put forward an important topic for us to reform reading teaching, how to make students discover the characteristics of text reading and urge us to study teaching practice in depth. I think we can improve our teaching methods in many ways. Teaching "I love my country" under the guidance of learning method, the full-text paragraph structure enables teachers to guide students to analyze paragraphs, summarize the learning methods of paragraphs, and then compare paragraphs with their own paragraphs, so that students can learn independently. 2. Let students learn independently, discuss and question reading teaching. Before the discussion, first let the students show their thinking questions, let them read with questions, and then let them learn to ask their own questions. 3. Reading teaching and composition teaching should be organically combined with listening, speaking and reading. The four major tasks of Chinese teaching in writing primary schools and the ultimate goal of reading determine that reading teaching can be carried out in isolation and should be organically combined with composition teaching. Teaching should attach importance to learning reading and writing cases and summarizing reading methods. Conditional school teachers can use multimedia teaching to attract students, and learning in an illustrated environment will get twice the result with half the effort. When preparing lessons, teachers must spend a lot of time consulting production materials and preparing lessons well. In short, the teacher just needs to practice hard. Only research and scientific exploration can make Chinese reading teaching present a new era and new style under the new curriculum standard, so as to play its due role in cultivating students' ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality (contributed by Xiluo Township Distance Education Office).

3. Urgent for the original text

Li Ji Shangjian

：

Tang Yinghong and Li Ji are commonplace and know political affairs. Some officials were released from the election and resigned from the British public. Gong Yue said, "Come to Korea at the beginning of tomorrow." By then, the doctor will be there. When the official resigned, the British public frowned and said, "Your longevity is ignorance of ministers and assistant ministers. My father can't read, and I can't teach you. Why can I stay? I am deeply ashamed of you. Work hard and let's go. " The assistant minister and others were frightened and asked his name, so that the South Hospital could read the list, and it was soon introduced, and the official department made a history.

When the British public was prime minister, some villagers tasted the food in the house. The guest broke the edge of the cake. Won justice: "You are still young! This cake has been turned over twice. When cooked, plant, hoe, harvest, beat, make noodles, and then make cakes. What is the way for teenagers to break up? No problem here. If you do such a thing in front of the Supreme Court, it's your head! " The guest was ashamed.

Fu Xiuzi said, "During the reign of Emperor Yuwen, Huazhou attacked Wang Pi, and a guest cracked the edge of the cake. He said: "This cake is very skillful, and then it is imported. It's just that it's not hungry and arrogant! " The guests were startled. Also, the envoy of Taiwan Province sent me to eat rice, and I had the melon skin cut very thick and thrown to the ground. Picking it up on the spot makes people feel scared. Nowadays, frivolous teenagers crack the edges of cakes and cut melons into pulp, thinking that officials are fooling around and the people are doing nothing. [ 1]

2 translation:

During the reign of Emperor Taizong, Li, a British public servant, was a common figure who participated in major political affairs. A minority official was dismissed. He went to say goodbye to Li Ji. Li Ji said, "Meet me at the palace tomorrow morning." The next day, I went to the palace, and everyone below Ying Gong was there. Ethnic minority officials came to say goodbye. Li Ji frowned and said, "Don't you know how to serve your boss? My father can't read, so I can't help you stay. I am very sorry for you. Try harder and be careful. " Hearing this, the assistant minister and others immediately asked the man's name, led him to the south yard to see the list, and soon got it back, went through the formalities again and asked him to go to the official department for customization.

When Li Ji was prime minister, a compatriot came to visit and Li Ji kept him for dinner. The man tore off the edge of the cake and ate only the middle. Li Ji said, "Young man, this cake needs ploughing twice, planting and ploughing, harvesting and threshing. Use grinding, use lolo, and then noodles can be made into cakes. What is the reason why young people throw away the edge of the cake? I'm fine. If you are in front of the emperor, I will cut off your head. " That man is ashamed. Fu Xiuzi said that the stabbing death of Yuwen in Huazhou made Wang Pi encounter the same thing. Wang Yi said, how hard did it take to eat this cake? You tore off the edge of the cake, but you are not hungry. Please hold it for me. The man was surprised. Once again, his men waited on Wang Pi for dinner, and the man peeled off the thick melon skin and threw it on the ground. Wang Pi picked it up and said, You gave it to me. This man is very scared. Now some unscrupulous young people throw away all the corners of the cake, cut the skin of the melon very thick, and pretend to be a playboy. This is really something that ordinary people don't do.

4. How to carry out the study of classic reading in Chinese class: Zhang Yanling 123' s blog on how to carry out the study of classic reading in Chinese class: 1. Project design demonstration 1. Topic selection: This paper reviews the research status of this project and the significance of topic selection.

2. Content: The main idea and framework design of the project. 3. Value: the degree of innovation and application value of the project.

4. Research basis: the project team leader and main members have relevant achievements and main references (please fill in four parts one by one, no more than 3,000 words). 1, topic selection: summary of the research status of this project and significance of topic selection.

Review of research status: There are many ideas and viewpoints in Chinese teaching. Every teaching idea and teaching method has its advantages and disadvantages, but one thing that all Chinese teachers are trying to promote is reading aloud. "Teaching thousands of methods to read", Chinese teaching should attach importance to Chinese, Chinese teaching should attach importance to language sense, and language sense teaching should attach importance to reading.

There are still more or less problems in reading the text in actual teaching, which are sorted out according to my own teaching practice: teachers attach importance to the analysis of the text and despise the reading of the text; Use silent reading and speed reading instead of reading aloud; Reading lacks emotion, reading guidance and reading in its own mode; The reading range is narrow, limited to individual outstanding students in the class, and so on. Without reading, there is nothing in Chinese teaching. The key to reading is how to stimulate students' interest, let them pick up textbooks involuntarily, enter the realm of books, the author's mind, realize the collision of hearts, and reach the realm of "book and I are one".

I can't read this smell. All labor is a tree without roots and water without sources. The actual effect of Chinese teaching will be greatly reduced.

The classroom without reading aloud is boring, and the Chinese class without teaching students to read aloud is a failure. Based on this, this paper puts forward the research on the teaching of Chinese classic reading in primary schools.

Significance of topic selection: Classical poetry is the crystallization of ancient sages' thoughts and wisdom and the treasure of our national culture. Undoubtedly, its literary value can reflect the humanistic spirit it contains.

Reading it can cultivate body and mind, increase wisdom and open the door to success; Reading it can make people know beauty, appreciate beauty, appreciate beauty and enjoy a happy life. Reading classics helps students to set lofty goals and cultivate correct values and outlook on life.

Experts believe that important price literacy such as morality, character and temperament is difficult to teach, and it is cultivated by "edifying", "inculcating" or "impressing" and "imperceptibly". Classic textbooks are full of beautiful words. If students recite them, they will unconsciously improve their character and self-cultivation, which is much better than simply preaching.

This is of great significance to cultivate new people who are "moral, disciplined, educated and idealistic". In addition, classic textbooks are all in classical Chinese, and classic reading can make our children accept the nourishment of classical Chinese like our ancients and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese.

Classic reading can also develop students' right brain (that is, the ancestral brain), which can enhance people's wisdom and double the learning efficiency. In the process of reading, children are completely relaxed, the rhythm of repeated singing, and the visual effect of the scriptures can be * * * right brain.

Under the synchronous operation of the left and right brains, students' learning ability can develop three to five times, and children's memory, concentration, understanding and creativity can develop simultaneously. Psychological research shows that 0- 13 years old is the period when people's mechanical memory ability is the strongest. Children in this period not only remember things quickly, but also remember them firmly.

An Arabic proverb says, "When you are young, learning is like carving on gold, but when you are ambitious, learning is like recording on the beach". Therefore, grasping the golden age of children's memory and letting them read some classic, elegant and profound things can not only cultivate their body and mind, but also develop their intelligence and enhance their ability, which will really impress them and benefit them for life.

2. Content: The main idea and framework design of the project. The main idea of the research: (1), study many advantages of traditional education, and try to find a suitable way to apply it to the current Chinese classroom teaching.

(2) To study the problems existing in Chinese classroom teaching and the causes of these problems. (3) Study the teaching methods of classic reading class and create a basic classroom teaching mode.

(4) organically combine the teaching of classic reading in grade one and grade two with extracurricular literacy, increase students' literacy and cultivate students' independent literacy ability. (5) Choose the classical ancient prose that supplements the content of Chinese textbooks for middle and high grades in primary schools, and try to combine ancient prose with modern prose in an appropriate way in classroom teaching.

(6) Try to finish learning the contents of the textbook within half a semester, leaving enough time for students to read classical Chinese. Framework design: the research of this topic mainly adopts classroom teaching research method, supplemented by interview investigation method and observation method.

The research of this topic focuses on classroom teaching, offering school-based courses, compiling classic reading materials, and constantly reflecting and summarizing in classroom practice, and then guiding classroom teaching practice, in order to achieve the organic combination of traditional Chinese teaching and modern Chinese teaching. 1. Make use of diversified publicity to create a scholarly campus.

① Use the campus propaganda position to create a strong scholarly campus cultural atmosphere. (2) "Campus Classic Mini Broadcast" is held every Friday, which is hosted by students. Its contents include poetry reading and appreciation, as well as anecdotes and fables about ancient poetry.

③ By opening up the blackboard newspaper of "Ancient Poetry Corner" and "Classic Wall", students can enjoy excellent poems everywhere and remember the scenic spots in "Diving with the wind, moistening things silently". (4) Always get in touch with parents, establish a home-school contact book, mobilize parents and children to read classics, and create a good family reading atmosphere.

2. Carry out rich activities and experience the fun of "reading". ① Every morning, let the students read aloud; In addition, one or two hours at noon every week are used to guide students to carry out the "classic reading special teaching class", to guide students to read classics with emotion, and to hold a reading activity class with the theme of "classic reading" once a month.

(2) Carry out a variety of "classic reading" activities, entertaining and entertaining, so that students can fully experience the fun of reading classics. We plan to organize a series of activities such as "Reading Classics and Spreading Culture" every semester, such as "Reading Contest", "Calligraphy and Painting Contest" and "Me and Classics" essay contest.

Through various activities, give students as many opportunities as possible to show their talents. Besides, everyone taught me.