What are the teaching methods in physical education class?

In the practice of various physical education teaching methods, share several effective physical education teaching methods.

Application of several teaching methods in physical education teaching

First, the method of explanation

The explanation method is one of the commonly used methods in physical education teaching, and it is a teaching method in which teachers explain the names, essentials and methods of actions to students in language. Teachers' enlightening explanation can not only help students acquire knowledge and understand the essentials and methods of action, but also encourage students to think and cultivate their ability to understand things, analyze problems and solve problems. Physical education teachers must also have the ability to command and use passwords correctly.

When using the explanation method in teaching, we should pay attention to the following points:

1. The purpose is clear and the content is correct. The explanation should be arranged according to different tasks, teaching materials, climate and students' situation. Generally speaking, you can talk more about teaching new knowledge and less about reviewing old knowledge. Junior students have poor abstract thinking ability, so they should talk more and senior students should talk less.

We should grasp the key points of the textbook and explain it concisely. When explaining, we should grasp the key points of the textbook and highlight the key points. If the teaching material focuses on running on the way, and the focus of running on the way is backward pedaling, teachers should focus on explaining the backward pedaling technique in teaching. When explaining, you should summarize the main points of action in concise language. Nowadays, many teachers use teaching formulas and have achieved good teaching results. For example, when teaching starting, the words "lifting (hip), moving (body), pressing (starting device) and listening (starting sound) are used to summarize the essentials of action. The language is concise, vivid and clear, and students like listening, understanding and memorizing. However, a good teaching formula can only be formed after long-term careful summary and refining. The explanation should also use terms according to the specific situation of the object to help students establish correct technical concepts.

3. The explanation should conform to the students' reality and inspire them to think. For senior students, you can use your existing knowledge to explain. For example, when explaining why turning requires leaning inward, they can use the physical knowledge of "centrifugal force" to analyze. For junior students, it can be explained by common sense of life. For example, the reason that the outside of the train track is higher than the inside of the curve explains that people should also lean inside when running the curve.

Two. Model law

Demonstration method refers to a teaching method in which teachers make students directly perceive the structure, sequence and essentials of the actions they want to learn through concrete action examples.

As physical education teaching is a process in which teachers teach students sports skills and develop their bodies, demonstration method is one of the important methods of physical education teaching. Teachers' correct demonstration can not only enable students to intuitively establish a correct concept of action, but also stimulate students' interest in learning and arouse their enthusiasm for learning.

Pay attention to the following points when using the Model Law:

1. has a clear purpose. Teachers should have a clear purpose in each presentation. When preparing lessons, we should arrange when to demonstrate, how many times to demonstrate and what to focus on according to the task of the class, the characteristics of the teaching materials and the students' situation. When teaching a new textbook, in order to make students establish a complete concept of action, they can generally make a demonstration of complete action first, and then make a key demonstration according to the situation of the textbook. The key links of the action should also be slowed down as much as possible, and explained while demonstrating. If necessary, you can also demonstrate by comparing right and wrong, so as to deepen students' understanding of actions and prevent and correct wrong actions.

2. Make a correct presentation and try to be successful every time. From the physiological point of view, the process of students mastering movements is essentially the process of establishing and consolidating conditioned reflex, and it is the result of the comprehensive action of conditioned stimuli (demonstration, explanation, etc.). ) and unconditional stimulation (muscle sensation). If the teacher's demonstration is incorrect and the students don't understand the concept of action clearly, there will be wrong actions. After repeated many times, it will form a wrong dynamic stereotype. Therefore, teachers must do a good job in every demonstration, and strive to make every demonstration correct, skilled, brisk and beautiful. Because students are interested in new things, teachers pay special attention to the first demonstration and are most impressed, so teachers should pay special attention to the first demonstration.

3. Pay attention to the location and direction of the demonstration. The position and direction of the demonstration will affect the effect of the demonstration. The choice of demonstration position should be based on the formation of students (in order to make students see clearly, the formation should also be mobilized, but the mobilization should be as small as possible), the characteristics of action structure and safety requirements. Generally, the presenter should stand in front of the students, perpendicular to the students' line of sight, so that all students can see clearly.

The direction of demonstration should be based on the structure, links and elements (speed, direction, route, etc.) of the action. ) ask students to abide by it. In order to demonstrate the left and right movements (such as the left and right movements in basketball defense), the presenter should face the students, which is called positive demonstration. In order to demonstrate the movements in both directions (such as lunge), the presenter should face the students sideways, which is called side demonstration. In some exercises (such as broadcast gymnastics), the teacher's demonstration takes the opposite approach to students and students' actions, which is called mirror demonstration. The purpose is to make students' movements correct and tidy. Some exercises (such as martial arts, etc. ) Because of the complexity of action technology, it is difficult for teachers to make mirror demonstration. They adopt the method of back-to-back to students, which is called back demonstration.

4. Combination of demonstration and students' exercises.

Teachers lead students to practice (such as martial arts), and combine teachers' demonstration with students' practice, so that students can immediately connect what they see (conditional stimulation) with muscle activities, which can improve the speed of students' mastering movements.

Thirdly, the application of exercise method in physical education class.

To enable students to master sports knowledge, technology and skills, and to enhance students' physique, it must be achieved through students' personal practice. Therefore, it has become an important aspect of physical education to organize students to practice purposefully according to teaching tasks.

In physical education teaching, several forms such as fixed conditions, changing conditions and competitions are often used for students to practice.

1. Fixed condition: refers to organizing students to practice an action repeatedly under relatively fixed conditions. This form of exercise is of great significance for mastering and consolidating sports skills and developing students' physique. When organizing students' practice under fixed conditions, we should pay attention to:

(1) Repeated exercises under fixed conditions cannot be understood as simple and mechanical repetition, which requires teachers to observe carefully when students do problems, find problems in time, and constantly put forward new requirements for them.

(2) When preparing lessons, teachers should carefully arrange each textbook, and make specific provisions on the number, distance, weight, time and time interval of students' exercises according to the tasks of the class, the time spent in each textbook, the actual situation of students, the characteristics of textbooks, and the facilities, so as to ensure the repetition of each textbook. In the case of large class size and few venue equipment, you can also choose auxiliary exercises with basically the same action structure and teaching materials to achieve the actual effect of strengthening students' physique.

(3) When practicing under fixed conditions, students may feel bored because the conditions are basically fixed. When students basically master the movements, they may also feel bored and ask for new movements. At this time, in addition to constantly pointing out new directions for students, teachers should also educate students about the purpose of practice, and can also mobilize students' enthusiasm by means of competitions under fixed conditions.

2. Changing conditions: it refers to organizing students to practice a certain content under changing conditions, which is of great significance to the improvement and improvement of movements.

The conditions of change include: changing the elements of action (strength, speed, amplitude, etc.). ), change the practice environment (such as field, beach cross-country running, etc.). ), change the requirements of practice (such as raising or lowering the height of jumping box, lengthening or shortening the distance of sprint, etc. ), and increase the conditions for practice (such as teaching students long jump, the teacher raised a bar with a certain height at the edge of the bunker, so that students can cross the bar to solve the problems in the take-off technique.

When organizing students to practice by changing conditions, we should pay attention to:

(1) The purpose is clear. Any means of change adopted by teachers must start from achieving a certain goal, rather than changing for the sake of change and pursuing form.

(2) Change the conditions step by step, especially when increasing the difficulty of practice, don't change too much or too suddenly.

For example, the height of jumping box, the speed of running and the increase of personal exercise should be gradually improved. That's right.

(3) Due to the change of conditions, students' learning enthusiasm and interest will be mobilized, so we should make full use of this factor in teaching to improve the teaching quality. But sometimes students' attention is not focused on improving their movements, but attracted by additional conditions, which requires teachers to pay special attention to correct guidance.

(4) Using the practice of changing conditions to correct students' wrong actions should not take too long. When the students' wrong actions are basically corrected, they will return to complete the exercises according to the action specifications.

Three effective methods of physical education teaching in primary schools

1 Simple Competition Teaching Method

Simple competition method is based on these characteristics of primary school students, using intuitive and simple teaching methods in physical education class as far as possible, and under the premise of ensuring safety, supplemented by small competitions to stimulate their interest in learning. The neural activity of primary school students is dominated by the first signal system, and the second signal system is developing. The exciting and inhibiting processes of nervous system develop unevenly, and the exciting process is dominant and easy to spread. Characterized by playful and active, it is not easy to concentrate; And I don't like to listen to the teacher's serious explanation, and I don't like to follow the contact information and requirements stipulated by the teacher. I am willing to carry out sports activities according to my own preferences and imagination. I have strong imitation ability, easy to establish conditioned reflex and learn to master movements, but the technical accuracy of movements is poor, and mistakes and redundant movements are prone to occur. These characteristics determine that teachers can't use mechanical, boring and boring methods in teaching, and they are not easy to be too strict with students, and the rules are not easy to die, so that they can give full play to their talents in class. For example, in gymnastics class, we should not only explain the difficult movements, but also simulate them according to the characteristics of the movements. For example, simulating an action into a common action in life will help students understand and remember. In addition, primary school students are competitive and keen on competitions. Teachers can organize small competitions according to this hot spot of primary school students. For example, after students master the speed running action, they can be organized to run in a straight relay and cross relay. One-legged jumping can evolve into the "cockfighting" they often play, and so on: throwing small softball can organize students to play tank games, and because of fierce competition, students can better participate in it. If the winner of the competition is rewarded again, the students' interest in physical education class will be greatly increased.

2 the method of combining new media with traditional physical education class

The intrinsic motivation of primary school students to participate in sports activities comes from their curiosity, active psychology and enthusiasm and desire for sports. According to social psychologists, students aged 6- 13 are obviously insensitive and emotional, with short concentration time, easily stimulated by new things or things, and easily "like the new and hate the old". Faced with such a group of primary school students, it puts forward new challenges to the requirements of teachers. In physical education teaching, we should accurately grasp the physical and mental characteristics of primary school students. Teachers can come up with some "new ideas" and play some "new tricks" for active classes. In today's multimedia era, multimedia can be introduced into physical education in primary schools. In track and field teaching, teachers can play some CDs explaining the action decomposition; In the basic basketball teaching, we can put some highlights of the wonderful basketball games of the national team or the American NBA. When students see the wonderful game, the role model power of idols plays a positive role invisibly. In table tennis teaching, you can also play classic games of table tennis stars to stimulate the interest of primary school students.

Other sports events can also use new multimedia technology. This can improve students' enthusiasm for physical exercise and interest in teaching content. For another example, doing warm-up activities is a necessary part of physical education class. But many students are not serious about warm-up activities. Teachers can design several sets of "rotation lineups" according to the actual teaching, which can improve students' enthusiasm for warm-up activities. The addition of this new technology and new elements will make students look forward to physical education class.

3 sports game teaching method

Sports games are sports means with plots and consist of basic actions. The characteristics of sports games are simple, interesting and entertaining. Although the teaching is mainly based on games, the purpose of games is clear, and the primary school stage is mainly to cultivate students' classroom routines, so the design of games should be highly targeted.

In the queue training in conventional teaching, children aged six or seven have poor spatial awareness and vague understanding of the shape, size, especially orientation of things. Students will not only feel particularly boring, but also not easy to get right and do well. In order to change this situation, when waiting in line, give each child a number, and then help students remember their position in the team through games such as "finding friends" and "gathering quickly". In the training of "March in a hurry", it is not the true meaning of cultivating students' walking ability if teachers only emphasize walking neatly. Join students' favorite games, such as imitating animals, such as "ants moving" and "two people walking on three feet" In addition, running is also a favorite project for children, but if the organizational form of teaching becomes a routine, children will soon lose interest. If it is adults and military training, it will also make children feel afraid of difficulties. Add some games in teaching, such as "postman delivering letters", "scratching the tail", "small animals running in circles" and "face-to-face relay", so that children can play, run and laugh spontaneously under the guidance of teachers. Game teaching can also be applied in the upper grades of primary schools. For example, in basketball teaching, games such as "passing the ball from the head to the crotch", "passing the ball from one side to the other", "passing the ball to the ground" and "jumping with both feet" can be used. Through these games, not only did the children get a ball, but more importantly, the classroom atmosphere was enlivened. Physical education class's relaxation session can also be added to the game. Because the purpose of relaxation is to make the body and mind relaxed and happy. It is easier to join the game in this link. Such as "scratching your tongue", "cheering for the ball" and "visiting nature reserves? Imitate all kinds of small animals ","wind blows snow "and so on. These games are simple and interesting, with little exercise. Can play a very good role in relaxing.

Several methods of implementing happy physical education teaching

1 Emotion first, establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, and make students like physical education class.

As educators and organizers, physical education teachers must have good, stable and most favorable emotional qualities for teaching. Emotion is a psychological response to external stimuli, such as love, disgust, anger, fear, sadness and depression. Establishing a harmonious relationship between teachers and students is the teaching art of physical education teachers. Strengthening the cultivation of this teaching art can fully arouse students' enthusiasm and make physical education class lively and effective. A PE teacher's words and deeds will have a certain impact on students, directly affecting the effect of classroom teaching and the physical and mental growth of students. It can be seen that emotion is the link and bridge to maintain and coordinate the bilateral activities between teachers and students and the soul of teaching activities. Therefore, only when the feelings of teachers and students are harmonious can we establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, and students can "learn from their teachings and believe in their teachings." The key to this emotional atmosphere lies in teachers. Teachers' emotions not only affect their own teaching activities, but also directly infect every student. Teachers' good emotions can stimulate students' emotions, thus completing teaching tasks better. In physical education teaching, teachers are required to constantly improve their moral awareness, care for students and establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students. Make students consciously complete various teaching tasks driven by emotion. Achieve the goal that students like physical education class.

2. Innovate teaching methods, stimulate interest and let students learn to live.

The diversification of teaching methods is an important factor to enliven the classroom atmosphere and cultivate students' strong interest in learning. In the teaching process, only by flexibly using teaching methods, constantly reforming and innovating teaching methods and seeking teaching methods more suitable for students' psychological and physiological characteristics can PE teachers better mobilize students' intrinsic learning enthusiasm and create a harmonious classroom atmosphere. The choice of teaching methods should not only conform to the characteristics of teaching materials and students' reality, but also be novel, interesting, moderately difficult and varied, so as to make the teaching atmosphere relaxed and happy and enable students to enjoy their study and life. For example, in the preparation exercise, using simple and relaxed games or weapons exercises as the beginning of the class can stimulate students' interest and make them actively participate. Let the students enter the sports state as soon as possible. Another example is the end of some relaxation exercises, which can be carried out in the form of rhythmic exercises or dances, so that teachers and students can jump, dance and laugh in beautiful melodies, adjust their bodies and relax in a cheerful atmosphere. Let students end their classroom teaching with joy, unity and success. In this way, the whole teaching process revolves around students, so that students can truly become the masters of learning and enjoy the fun brought by sports. This kind of physical education class is the truly happy physical education class.

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, step by step, so that students can achieve something.

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and step by step is an effective way to reflect the main role of students. Happy physical education attaches great importance to students' dominant position in the teaching process. There are indeed differences among students in sports level, interest and motivation in sports learning, goal pursuit, personality psychology and learning methods. Only by grasping the actual situation of students to the maximum extent, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and actively guiding students to participate in sports activities can teachers achieve good teaching results. The traditional "one size fits all" teaching method is not conducive to the all-round development of students, and it is easy to cause some students with good physical fitness to "have enough to eat" and some students with poor physical fitness to "have no food". Therefore, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and step by step should be adopted in teaching. The specific way is to divide students into three groups: men and women A, B and C according to their physical fitness and sports skills, and formulate teaching objectives and practice requirements at different levels according to the differences of students' skills, so as to treat them differently and teach them in accordance with their aptitude. Let each student "learn something, learn something" on his own basis. At the same time, give each student more development opportunities and space to display their talents, give full play to and tap students' personality potential, mobilize their enthusiasm, so that they can all learn something and gain more sense of success.

4 The teaching content is properly matched, so that students can easily and happily complete their learning tasks.

As we all know, when students are novel and ignorant about things, they can arouse their curiosity most, and they are easy to be interested in activities that meet their own sports level. Therefore, the collocation of teaching materials should be suitable for the characteristics of students' grade level. This textbook is too difficult to arouse students' interest in learning. Teaching materials are too difficult, which will reduce students' interest in learning. In the same activity, students often have different results because of their differences in quality and skills, which leads to different levels of interest in learning.

Teaching content is closely related to students' enthusiasm for learning, and teaching materials that are in line with students' age characteristics and full of games and competitions can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning; Does not meet the age characteristics of students, monotonous teaching materials will reduce students' enthusiasm for learning. For example, students take part in ball games, and their interest in learning far exceeds other projects. This sport plays a very important role in developing students' physical qualities such as sensitivity, coordination, bounce, speed and strength, and cultivating students' collectivism concept and spirit of unity and cooperation. Therefore, teachers should consider the following three points in the collocation of teaching materials, the analysis of teaching materials and the determination of teaching objectives: ① The collocation of teaching materials should be based on the syllabus and combined with the actual situation of our school, from easy to deep, from easy to difficult. At the same time, it emphasizes the rationality, scientificity and innovation of teaching materials; ② From the selection of teaching materials to the excavation of the connotation of teaching materials, we should not only consider the actions of specific teaching materials, but also consider the characteristics and connotation behind the teaching materials. Fully tap the unique educational function, social function, aesthetic function and entertainment function of physical education textbooks, and emphasize the combination of textbooks with individual needs and social needs; (3) teaching material analysis, fully understand and recognize the vertical and horizontal links of teaching materials and the systematic and hierarchical nature of knowledge.

Happy physical education teaching mode is to cultivate students' strong interest in learning, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and mobilize students' enthusiasm for physical exercise with the best teaching means. Make the whole teaching process full of happy, cheerful and harmonious emotions and atmosphere. Not only let students like learning, but also let them know the purpose and significance of learning, take part in physical exercise consciously, fully develop their personality and cultivate their good ideological and moral quality. This is the highest realm of sports art and the only way to successful education.