What means can be used for DNA sequencing, and explain their principles

Approximately can be divided into the following methods:

1, Sanger sequencing, using chain termination and capillary electrophoresis, this is the main method of the first generation of sequencing, and is still in use today.

2. Sequencing while synthesizing: 454 and Illumina sequencing both use this method, however, there are some differences. 454 uses Emusion PCR, Illumina uses Bridge PCR for sequencing library construction; 454 uses pyrophosphate-responsive signals for detection, while Illumina uses fluorescent markers for detection; 454 adds a kind of dNTP at once, and Illumina uses a kind of dNTP at once for detection; 454 uses a kind of dNTP at one time, and Illumina uses a kind of fluorescent markers for detection. One dNTP was added at once, Illumina added 4 dNTPs at once, and one base was synthesized in each reaction.

3. Sequencing while synthesizing: Life Tech's SOLiD is this method, library construction is basically the same as 454, but sequencing reflects the use of linker enzymes, linking one small fragment at a time, and the coding method is more complex.

4, single-molecule sequencing: Pac BioScience currently uses this method, belonging to the third generation of sequencing technology in the more promising methods.

5, nanopore sequencing: Oxford Nanopore using the latest sequencing technology, is currently the most expected third-low sequencing technology, there is no stable instruments and reagents on the market.