[High score] Is legend a culture?

As one of the four great love legends in ancient China (the other three are Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Butterfly Lovers and Legend of White Snake), the story of Meng Jiangnv has been widely circulated for thousands of years. The legend of Meng Jiangnv is widely circulated among the people in the form of oral inheritance. It was not until the early 20th century that she was brought into the researchers' field of vision under the impetus of the May 4th Movement. Gu Jiegang, a famous historian in China, traced the original form of Meng Jiangnv's legend back to a story in Zuo Zhuan. Zuo Zhuan tells this story to praise Qi Liang's wife (that is, Meng Jiangnv of later generations) for being able to handle things with courtesy and not being confused, which is admirable.

In Zuo Zhuan, Qi Liang's wife, who didn't cry, infected the atmosphere of the music scene at that time during the Warring States Period and added a sob story. This is a very important change, and the variation of the story about Qi Liang's wife in later generations was born along this "crying sorrow".

The first person to describe the city collapse was Liu Xiang in the late Western Han Dynasty. He first recounted the story of Qi Liang's wife in Zuo Zhuan in The Legend of Woman, and then he wrote: Qi Liang's wife had no children and her family had no relatives, so she became a lonely person after her husband died. Qi Liang's wife "cried on her husband's body at the gate", crying her eyes out, and passers-by were all moved. Ten days later, "the city collapsed." Relevant records in the Tang Dynasty greatly changed the story of Qi Liang's wife. Qi Liang changed from Qi people in the Spring and Autumn Period to Yan people in the Qin Dynasty. Qi Liang's wife's name appeared. Her surname is Meng Zhongmingzi or Meng Mingjiang. Qi Liang's death was not in the battle, but was built in the city wall after being arrested from prison, so his wife wanted to cry about the city; There are too many dead bodies in the city wall, which can only be distinguished by blood dripping to recognize bones. The story of Qi Liang's wife was handled during the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, which linked the city collapse with Qin Shihuang. This is no small creation.

In the Yuan Dynasty, China's folk operas were very developed, and many works of zaju masters and celebrities appeared. Stories with vitality and creative space like Meng Jiangnv naturally become the source of opera creation. From Fan Xilang, Fan Shirang, Fan, Fan Xilang to Fan Qiliang, Fan and Wan Xiliang, there are many variants of Fan Lang's name, and the story is full of twists and turns. Other characters related to them, such as Fan Lang's mother, also appear in the play, which makes the story increasingly full.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the story of Meng Jiangnv has been developing and evolving among the people. Oral legends all over the world say that Meng Jiangnv was born of gourd. Gourd (or melon) is called "Meng Jiangnv" because it is related to two Meng Jiangnv families living next door. The story of Meng Jiangnv has not only been circulated for a long time, but also been widely influenced by the region. According to local folk customs and people's different interest orientations, this story has been transformed in various ways in different places, which makes the legend of Meng Jiangnv present an extremely strong regional color.

Meng Jiangnv is not surnamed Meng, and "Meng" refers to the eldest of brothers and sisters; Jiang is his family name. "Meng Jiangnv" actually means "Jiang's parents and daughters"; In addition, Meng Jiangnv is not just a person, but a general term for a class of people. According to Mao Zhuan: "Jiang Meng, the eldest daughter of Qi." According to Chen Huanchuan, The Clan's Wife and other documents, in the pre-Qin period, it was generally called the eldest daughter of the monarch of the State of Qi, and also referred to the clan women. In other words, many aristocratic women in Qi at that time could be called "Jiang Meng". In addition to documentary evidence, there is also a cultural relic Jiang Meng pot as evidence (this pot was cast by Jiang Guangzhi's eldest daughter and her husband Tian Wuyu in the Spring and Autumn Period to commemorate Tian Wuyu's father Tian).

After investigation, CCTV Channel 10' s Exploration and Discovery: Looking for Meng Jiangnv (Electric Donkey: /topics/38878/

It is said that Meng Jiangnv is the wife of a general in the State of Qi. She had been dead for more than ten years when the Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty.

Jiang Meng's husband Qi Liang was a doctor of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The story of Qi Liang's wife was first recorded in the twenty-three years of "Xianggong" in "Xin Shi Zuo Zhuan". In the autumn of the twenty-second year of Zhou Lingwang (four years, 550 years before), Jiang defeated Wei and Jin Dynasties and won. In the first 549 years, Duke Zhuang of Qi returned to Li, but did not return to Linzi, the capital of Qi State, and then raided Ju State. In the battle with Ju, Qi's generals Qi Liang and Zhou Hua died heroically and died for their country. Later, the State of Qi made peace and went on strike, and the Qi people carried Qi Liang's body back to Linzi. Qi Liang's wife cried and greeted her husband's coffin on the road in the suburbs. Qi Zhuang sent condolences. Qi Liang's wife thought that her husband had made meritorious service to the country, so Qi Zhuang sent people to the suburbs to mourn, which was sincere and hasty, and lacked respect for the martyrs, so she refused to go to the suburbs of Qi Zhuang Gong to mourn. Later, Qi Zhuanggong personally went to Qi Liang's home and buried Qi Liang in the suburbs of Qi Du. (The tomb of Qi Liang is in the east of Langjia Village, Qidu Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province). It should be said that this story is clearly recorded in Zuo Zhuan, and it is a true story. Although there are no subsequent plots such as "crying", "city collapse" and "splashing water", which mainly show Qi Liang's wife's heroic character, the main framework of her opposition to war and love for her husband has loomed.

Ceng Zi's words in Talking about Gong in the Book of Rites added the plot of "crying her husband". Ceng Zi said that Qi Liang's wife "cried"; In Mencius of the Warring States Period, Chunyu Kun was quoted as saying that "the wife of Qi Liang in Zhou Hua cried her husband and changed the national style"; The historical fact that "Qi Liang's wife refused to mourn in the suburbs" in Zuo Zhuan turned into "Qi Liang's wife cried her husband", and the focus of the story shifted.

The increase of the plot of "city collapse" is in Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan" in the Western Han Dynasty; The story of "splashing water" has been added to Biography of Women. The story of Qi Liang's wife spread to the Han Dynasty, and crying her husband, collapsing the city and drowning became a series.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong's Lun Heng and Han Danchun's Cao E Bei were further romanticized, saying that the wife of Qi Liang collapsed in tears in Cheng Qi, five feet in tears. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Cui Bao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times continued to exaggerate, saying that the whole city of Qi was "depressed by emotion". By the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, the story of Qi Liang's wife had gone out of the scope of historical facts and evolved into a literary work with "three points of truth and seven points of emptiness".

If the story of Qi Liang's wife is polished on the basis of historical facts from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Western Jin Dynasty, it will be beyond recognition in terms of the poem "The Wife of Qi Liang" written by Guan Xiu, a monk in the Tang Dynasty. In this poem, Guan Xiu moved the events in the Spring and Autumn Period to Qin, the events in Linzi to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, grafted the "city" to the "Great Wall", and then directly defined the "Great Wall" as "Qin Changcheng". After the adjustment of Guanxiu, the story of Qi Liang's wife began to approach the legend of "Meng Jiangnu cried at the Great Wall".

In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming government overhauled the Great Wall to prevent the invasion of Vara, which aroused people's resentment. In order to vent their secrets to the feudal rulers, the common people changed Qi Liang's wife to "Meng Jiangnu" and Qi Liang to "Wan Xiliang" (or Fan Xiliang), adding the plots of getting married, loving husband and wife, sending cold clothes thousands of miles away, and creating a brand-new legend of "Meng Jiangnu crying at the Great Wall".

From the story of Qi Liang's wife to the last legend of Meng Jiangnu, there are more than two thousand years. It is no accident that a story can be loved by the people for a long time and constantly transformed and processed. The main reason is that this story represents the common aspiration of all mankind and expresses the truest aspiration of the working people. That is: longing for peace, pursuing stability, and longing for happiness and peace in family life.

According to research, Meng Jiangnv is from Laiwu, Shandong.

[Edit this paragraph] Myths and legends

According to legend, a family named Meng planted a kind of melon in the Qin Dynasty, and the seedlings climbed along the wall to Jiang's house and produced melons. When a melon is ripe, a melon scores two houses! When I opened it, I found a white and fat little girl in it, so I named her Meng Jiangnv. Meng Jiangnv has grown up and is an old villager in Fiona Fang. Everyone knows that she is a kind, lively, intelligent girl who can play the piano, write poems and articles. The old couple regarded her as the apple of their eye.

At this time, Qin Shihuang began to catch her husband everywhere to build the Great Wall. There was a boy named Wan Xiliang, who was a scholar. He was frightened and ran away from home. He was thirsty from running. He just wanted to have a rest and find some water to drink when he heard a group of people shouting horses and running around. So people are being arrested here! He didn't have time to run, so he jumped over a nearby wall. It turns out that this wall is the back garden of the Meng family. This kung fu just happened to catch up with Meng Jiangnv and go out to the garden with the girl. Meng Jiangnu suddenly saw a person hiding under the towel gourd rack. As soon as she shouted to the maid, Wan Xiliang quickly got off the bus and bowed: "Miss, miss, don't shout, don't shout, I am a refugee, please save my life!"

Meng Jiangnv saw it. "Wan Xiliang is a white-flour scholar and very handsome. He went back to report to W with the maid. In the back garden, the veteran questioned Wan Xiliang's native place, surname and why he jumped over the wall and was admitted to the hospital. Wan Xiliang gave a detailed oral answer. Seeing his honesty, the members promised to hide him at home for the time being. Wan Xiliang hid in Meng's house for a few days. Seeing that he was handsome and generous, the old couple discussed recruiting him as a son-in-law. My daughter agreed as soon as I discussed it with her. Mention to Wan Xiliang that Wan Gongzi is willing, and this marriage is settled.

At that time, the soldiers were in chaos, and the husbands of the people caught it at both ends, and caught it at both ends every three days. No one always leaves marriage. As soon as the old couple discussed it, they chose an auspicious day and invited relatives and friends. Two tables were set, and after a happy day, they got married. As the saying goes: "people have misfortune and misfortune, and the weather is unpredictable." Less than three days after the couple got married, suddenly a group of officers came, and they took Wan Gongzi away without permission!

This trip is obviously the opposite. Meng Jiangnv cries all day. Hope! But I have been eagerly looking forward to it for a year. Not only did people not expect it, but no news came. Meng Jiangnv was really worried, so she spent several nights making warm clothes for her husband and went to the Great Wall to find her husband herself. Seeing her stubbornness, her parents couldn't stop her and agreed. Meng Jiangnv packed her bags, bid farewell to her parents and embarked on a journey. Meng jiangnu went all the way to the north and waded through mountains and rivers.

Meng Jiangnu packed her luggage, bid farewell to her parents and embarked on a journey to find her husband. Hungry, bite the cold cake; If you are thirsty, drink some cold water; Tired, sit on the side of the road and have a rest. One day, she asked an old man with white hair who was firewood, "How far is it from here to the Great Wall?" The old uncle said, "Youzhou is far away, and the Great Wall is still in the north of Youzhou." Meng Jiangnv thought to herself, "Even if the Great Wall is far away, I will go to the end of the world to find my husband!" " "

Meng Jiangnv is walking in the wind and rain. One day, she came to a place in the middle of nowhere. It was dark and people were exhausted, so she ran to the ruined temple. The ruined temple is quite big, with only weeds half a person deep and grinning idols. She is a lonely young woman, scared to death. But she also forgot these things and found a corner to sleep. In the evening, she dreamed that she and her husband were studying at their desks. Suddenly, she heard a knock at the door, and a group of arresting policemen broke in. She woke up with a start. It turned out that the doors and windows of the ruined temple were jingling by the wind. She sighed and saw that it was about to dawn, so she picked up the parcel and set off again.

One day, she was exhausted and cold after walking. She was just about to rest her feet when she suddenly fainted. When she woke up, she realized that she was lying on the hot kang in her hometown. The landlady rolled soup for her and made brown sugar Jiang Shui. She is very grateful. She sweated a little and felt a little light, so she struggled to get up and continue on her way. The landlady pulled her with tears and said, "Your eldest sister-in-law, I know you are anxious to find a husband, but you are as hot as coals. Can I have the heart to let you go? " Your sister-in-law, look at your feet again. It's all bloody lumps. They are still feet! "Meng Jiangnv looked at her feet, but there was no blood in her heart. She stayed at the boss's mother's house for another two days, and then she got sick and started again. The old lady cried and read, "What a good daughter-in-law! God, please be kind and let the couples in the world reunite! "Meng Jiangnu finally arrived at the place where the Great Wall was built. She questioned the migrant workers who built the Great Wall: Do you know where Wan Xiliang is? Ask others and they say they don't know. Ask another question, and people shake their heads. She doesn't know how many people she asked. Only then did I know about the migrant workers who built the Great Wall in the neighboring village. The migrant workers in the neighboring village enthusiastically led her to find the migrant workers who built the Great Wall with Wan Xiliang.

Meng Jiangnv asked, "Brothers, did you and Wan Xiliang build the Great Wall together?"

Everyone said, "Yes!"

"Where is Wan Xiliang?" Guys, look at me. I'll look at you. No one said a word with tears in his eyes. When Meng Jiangnv saw this scene, she snorted and her hair was twisted. Staring at her eyes, she asked eagerly, "Where is my husband Wan Xiliang?" Seeing that they couldn't hide it, everyone said hesitantly, "Wan Xiliang starved to death last month!"

"Where is the body?"

"Everyone said," There are too many dead people to bury, and the supervisors have been called to fill in the Great Wall! "

Everyone's voice did not fall, and Meng Jiangnv clapped her hands and cried on the Great Wall. She cried, cried. Thousands of migrant workers who only cry and don't make trouble bow their heads and shed tears. They only cried until the sun and the moon were dark and it was dark. They only cried sadly in the autumn wind, and things changed. I was crying when there was a loud noise, and the Great Wall collapsed like the sky was falling, revealing piles of human bones. So many bones, which one is her husband? She suddenly remembered the story told by her mother when she was a child: the bones of relatives can penetrate into their blood. She bit her middle finger, bleeding to recognize the body. She carefully identified the tattered buttons and recognized her husband's bones. The ginger girl in the jar kept Zhang Guan's bones and cried her eyes out.

Just as he was crying, Qin Shihuang patrolled the side wall with his army and passed by.

When Qin Shihuang heard that Meng Jiangnv cried down the wall, he immediately flew into a rage. He led the three armies to Jiao Shan's feet and personally disposed of Meng Jiangnv. However, as soon as he saw Meng Jiangnv as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, he wanted to occupy Meng Jiangnv. Meng jiangnu doesn't want to rely on it! Qin Shihuang sent several old women to persuade him, and also sent Zhao Gao, a Chinese secretary, to persuade him with a phoenix crown robe, but Meng Jiangnv just wouldn't give up. Finally, Qin Shihuang personally came forward. When Meng Jiangnv saw Qin Shihuang, she couldn't wait to bump into this ruthless tyrant. But on second thought, if her husband's hatred was not reported and CoCo Lee's hatred was not delayed, how could she die in vain? She fought back her anger and listened to Qin Shihuang's nonsense. Seeing her silence, Qin Shihuang thought she was willing and said more cheerfully, "Go ahead! As long as you obey me, I will give you anything you want, Jinshan Yinshan will do! "

Meng Jiangnv said: "I don't want Jinshan Yinshan, I want to abide by it, as long as you promise three things!" " "

Qin Shihuang said, "Don't say three, even thirty will depend on you. You said, this! "

Meng Jiangnv said, "The first thing is to erect a monument to repair my husband's grave and put it in a sandalwood coffin."

Hearing this, Qin Shihuang said, "Well said, well said, you can take this. Say the second one! "

"The second thing, I want you to dress my husband in linen and Dai Xiao, hold a can, follow the hearse, and lead the civil and military officials to the funeral with tears."

Hearing this, Qin Shihuang failed! I am an emperor, how can I give a funeral to a king! "This won't do, you say the third one!"

"If the second one doesn't work, there won't be a third one!" The woman said.

Qin Shihuang looked at this posture and refused when he saw that the fat in his mouth could not be eaten. Say yes and the whole world will laugh at you. Another idea: I don't care if I laugh at it. Besides, I'll kill anyone who dares to laugh at me. Thinking of this, he said, "Good! I promise you the second one. Say the third one! "

Meng Jiangnv said, "Third, I want to go to the seaside for three days."

Qin Shihuang said: "This is easy! Well, these three things are up to you! "

Qin Shihuang immediately sent people to erect a monument for Wan Xiliang, repair the grave, buy coffins, and prepare mourning clothes and white banners. On the day of the funeral, Wan Xiliang's hearse was in front and Qin Shihuang was behind, dressed in linen and filial. He really became a dutiful son. After the funeral, Meng Jiangnv said to Qin Shihuang, "Let's go swimming in the sea and get married." Qin Shihuang was very happy. I am so beautiful that I don't know what to do. Suddenly I heard a "plop" and Meng Jiangnu jumped into the sea!

Seeing the urgency, Qin Shihuang said, "Quick, quick, salvage it for me."

No sooner had the fishermen gone into the sea than the sea set off a huge wave. The salvage personnel saw that the situation was not good and hurried aboard. How did this big wave come so opportunely? It turns out that both the dragon god and the dragon lady sympathize with Meng Jiangnv. As soon as they saw her jump into the sea, they quickly took her to the Dragon Palace. Subsequently, soldiers and crabs were ordered to make waves. Fortunately, Qin Shihuang escaped quickly, otherwise he would have been caught in the sea.

The legend of Meng Jiangnu crying at the Great Wall is widely circulated among the people. Her husband Wan Xiliang (from Weihui) was recruited by Wang Wei to build the Great Wall (now the Great Wall of Warring States at the junction of Weihui and Huixian), died of fatigue and was buried under the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnv found her husband in the Chishan section of Weihui, and cried to the Great Wall, which moved the world. The Great Wall collapsed, revealing her husband's bones. Up to now, its story has been circulated in Wainao Village, Chishan Township, Weihui. You can see Meng Jiangnu crying down the Great Wall on the mountain. Xinxiang City has Mengjiangnv River, Mengjiangnv Road and Mengjiangnv Bridge.

[Edit this paragraph] Folk songs

Meng Jiangnu

The first month is the Spring Festival.

Everyone is happy.

family reunion

Meng Jiangnv's husband went to build the Great Wall.

On summer nights, the Milky Way flies meteors.

That's the red lantern ordered by Cowherd and Weaver Girl.

Meng Jiangnv looked at the sky.

Tears blurred.

When can I see Brother Qi Liang again?

Come to Chongyang in September.

Chrysanthemum boiling wine looks up to the sky

Face to face in the air

Autumn leaves are cool.

The moon in front of the window is like frost

I make clothes for my relatives.

Thread is a needle of acacia, and it is affection.

Close sewing with needle and thread

Tight weld

Warm your heart a little more.

Xu Jin Han yi ban jun hang

The snow is heavy and the north wind is urgent.

Meng Jiangnu sent warm clothes thousands of miles away.

From autumn to new year.

Spend the year

I wonder where my husband is.

where

Voice, blood, tears, voice, call

It's dark and dark.

Cry down the Great Wall for 800 miles

I saw white bones full of green hills.

[Edit this paragraph] Meng Jiangnu Temple

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying down the Great Wall is widely circulated in China, which can be said to be a household name. In memory of her, later generations built the Notre Dame Temple, commonly known as Meng Jiangnv Temple. This Notre Dame Temple is located at the top of North Phoenix Mountain in Shi Cun, 6.5km east of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City. 1956 was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Hebei province.

The whole scenic spot consists of long steps, mountain gates, God Pavilion, front hall, back hall, Wang Mi Stone, dressing table, clothes shaking pavilion, sea eye, Meng Jiangnv Garden and other scenic spots, with reasonable layout and patchwork. The trees around the temple are lush, blue bricks and red tiles, which are particularly simple and quiet.

The long steps are the only way to the main entrance of Jiangnv Temple. They are made of bluestone and gradually increase with the terrain, leading to the mountain gate. The dragon * * * ranks one hundred and eight, looking up, adds a bit of solemnity to Meng Jiangnv Hall.

Walking slowly up the 108 steps, you will see a hard-topped door with a house-like wall, small gray tiles, exquisite and chic. There are red walls on both sides. With the ups and downs of the mountain, Mengjiang Temple is surrounded. There is a plaque of "Notre Dame Temple" hanging horizontally on the forehead of the middle gate of the mountain gate.

Qian Dian is the main building of Jiangnu Temple. It is hard-topped, with three towers and four windows, simple and elegant. On both sides of the front door of Qian Dian, there is an interesting couplet:

The sea inclines to the north and south.

The clouds are getting longer and longer.

There are several ways to read this couplet, usually three, three, four or four, three or three sentences. It is based on the characteristics of polyphony, polysemy and homophony of Chinese characters, and also has the nature of word games. The main content is to describe the natural scenery here.

Entering the main hall, there is a statue of Meng Jiangnu in the middle of the front hall. Two children, a man and a woman, are holding umbrellas. Meng Jiangnv was painted in clay sculpture, dressed in blue plain clothes, with a sad face and looking at the South China Sea. Hanging on it like a banner, two columns of couplets read: "Qin Huang' an built grievances at the Great Wall of Wan Li; Jiang Nv is not dead, but also a stone. "According to legend, this couplet was written by Wen Tianxiang, a great national hero and patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty.

On the wall of the front hall, there are also many lying plaques engraved with poems by the Qing emperor and some tourists in modern times, such as Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang, which are mostly high festivals praising Meng Jiangnv.

The back hall is also a hard-topped building. The horizontal plaque of "Cihang Pudu" is hung in the square in front of the forehead, and three statues of Guanyin, Manjusri and Pu Xian are sculpted in the center of the hall. Guanyin Bodhisattva has a kind face, dressed in a gown, sitting cross-legged on the lotus throne with his hands folded, surrounded by boys and girls. On the east side, Bodhisattva Samantabhadra is happy and peaceful. On the west side, Manjusri Bodhisattva holds a scroll and concentrates on it. Behind the back hall, there is a big stone with several big stone nests on it. Legend has it that Meng Jiangnv's footprints were left when Wang Fu climbed this stone. This is Wang Mishi. Wang Mi-shi has become a symbol of loyalty in people's hearts. Many literati here splash ink and express their feelings. Even the romantic emperor Gan Long left a handwritten poem on this piece of Wang Mi Stone. Nowadays, visitors to Mengjiangnv Temple often climb Wang Mi Stone, or overlook it, or take photos as a souvenir, which seems to be the only way to be happy that you are here.

There is a small platform next to Wang Mi Stone, which is the dressing table of the legendary Meng Jiangnv. According to legend, Meng Jiangnu came all the way to look for her husband at the foot of the Great Wall, and she was very happy at the thought of seeing her husband Fan Xiliang who missed her day and night. She wants to find a place to freshen up, but where can anyone be in this wilderness? So, she grinds a small platform on a boulder, and grinds a small round pit next to it to dress up with snow turned into snow water. This small platform is the dresser we see today.

There is a hexagonal pyramid-shaped roof pavilion next to Wang Mi Stone, which is the clothing vibrating pavilion. According to legend, it is the place where Meng Jiangnu tidied up her clothes before being forced into the sea. Yizhenguan is a good place to see the Great Wall and the Bohai Sea, because it is high in terrain, commanding and has a wide field of vision.

In the sea about 5 kilometers southeast of Jiangnu Temple, there are two reefs standing upright, high as a monument, low as a grave, one high and one short, which is the legendary Jiangnu grave.

According to legend, Meng Jiangnu came here thousands of miles to find her husband and cried 800 miles down the Great Wall. Qin Shihuang not only had no sympathy for her experience, but also coveted Meng Jiangnv's beauty and wanted to be a concubine. Meng Jiangnu was not afraid of violence, and she jumped into the vast sea and sacrificed heroically. At the moment when she jumped into the sea, the sea was rough and white, and these two reefs were raised in the Ran Ran, so people said it was the tomb of Jiang Nv.

From 65438 to 0993, a large-scale garden-style quadrangle building, Meng Jiangnv Garden, was built on the north side of Jiangnv Temple. Based on the folklore of Meng Jiangnu's thousands of miles to find a husband, relying on the palaces, tile houses, government offices, city walls, waterside pavilions and promenades with the architectural styles of Qin and Ming dynasties, many scenes were built by using modern control technologies such as sound, light and electricity, and the historical legend of "Meng Jiangnu's search for a husband" was vividly presented to tourists.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, the legend of Meng Jiangnv was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

The Evolution of Meng Jiangnv's Story

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying at the Great Wall is one of the most popular folklore in China. For more than two thousand years, word of mouth, classic writing, string playing, drama playing. Until today, it has been put on the screen and spread by various media, and it is almost a household name, known to all women and children. How did Meng Jiangnv's story come into being, spread and evolve?

The story of Meng Jiangnv took place in Qi State. Qi is a vassal state of Jiang Taigong. Anyone who has seen the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty will know that the "X Ginger" in the book has always been a Qi native. Meng is the eldest daughter of the Jiang family. Her story was first seen in Zuo Zhuan. Jiang Meng was the wife of Qi Liang, the general of the State of Qi, who died in Jun 'an in 549 BC. Qi Zhuanggong met Jiang Meng outside the primary school and expressed condolences to her. Jiang Meng thought that the countryside was not a place for mourning and refused to accept it, so Zhuang Gong accepted her suggestion and went to her house to offer condolences. Besides being polite, Jiang Meng also recorded that he was good at crying. Chunyu Kun said: "It has become a national custom for the wife of Qi Liang to cry her husband." Jiang Meng's cry tune was born in Qi. ?

In the Western Han Dynasty, it was recorded that Meng Jiangnv "cried for her husband's death and the city collapsed" (Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan" and "Biography of Lienv"). As for where wailing wall is, although there are different opinions about Cheng Ju, Qi Liang and Liang Shan, they are all in one place, not the Great Wall of Wan Li in Qin Dynasty. According to Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics, it was Cheng Ju that Meng Jiangnu cried and collapsed. ? About the Tang Dynasty, this theme evolved into the story of Meng Jiangnu's crying and collapsing the Great Wall in Wan Li, and it was today's humble appearance. Zhou moved the story to Yan State, where he was named Meng Zhongzi and Qi Liang became Qi Liang. Qi Liang strayed into Meng Chao's backyard to avoid the battle of building a city. Meng Nv Tadao is taking a bath. The ancient people had a very strong concept of chastity, and only the husband could see their daughter's body, so they got married. Later, Qi Liang returned to the site of the Great Wall and was executed and buried under it. So Zhong Zi went all the way to find her husband, cried and collapsed the Great Wall, sprinkled blood on many bones to examine them, and finally got her husband's body. ?

In ancient times, there were frequent wars and heavy corvees, and it was a traditional theme to levy a husband and divorce a woman. Chen Lin wrote "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" at the end of the Han Dynasty: "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Shui Han hurts the bones of horses. When you claim to be an official of the Great Wall, don't stay in Taiyuan ... You can't see the Great Wall alone, and the bones of the deceased lean against each other? " Since then, poets of all ages have praised it. The Wife of Qi Liang written by Guan Xiu, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, actually recited Meng Jiangnv's Crying for the Great Wall. Later, many poets wrote this theme, which contributed to the widespread spread of this story. ?

Since the Yuan Dynasty, the story of Meng Jiangnv has been put on the stage. Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun and Zhong Sicheng's Record of Ghosts both recorded this point. In these operas, Jiang Meng was transformed into Meng Jiangnv, and Qi Liang gave birth to Qi Liang, Fan Qiliang, Fan Xilang, Fan Xilang and Wan Xiliang.

With the spread of Meng Jiangnu's story, the upsurge of temple building has arisen everywhere. It is known that the earliest temple of Meng Jiangnu was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, and auspicious symbols and Jia in the Northern Song Dynasty were found in Xu Shui, Hebei Province and Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province. During the years, the stone tablet of Jiangnu Temple was rebuilt. Many local chronicles describe Meng Jiangnv as a native, and Linzi, Tongguan (Tongchuan), An Su (Xu Shui), Shanhaiguan and Tongguan all have the tombs of Meng Jiangnv. When Shanghai was building a road in the late Qing Dynasty, a sarcophagus was dug at the foot of the old north gate, with a stone statue lying in the middle and the word "Wan Qiliang" on the chest, which was buried when Shanghai was building a city during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. According to Meng Jiangxian's treasure scroll, the first emperor built the Great Wall, and Taibaixing sang nursery rhymes: "There are thousands of happiness in Gusu, and one person can overcome many deaths. After the Great Wall is sealed, it will be king, and the Great Wall of Wan Li will last forever. " The story of Meng Jiangnv crying over the Great Wall for her husband was triggered by her desire to escape from the beam. Qin Huang allowed Jiang Meng to do three things: build a bridge, build a grave, and cry for sacrifice. Jiang Meng condemned the tyrant and drowned. In this story, Meng Jiangnv became a Suzhou native. ?

Meng Jiangnv's story reflects the people's hatred of feudal tyranny and their desire and pursuit of a free and happy life. After more than 2,000 years of spread and evolution, it has become what it is today.