Chicken Rearing Technical Knowledge

The main methods suitable for raising chickens in large quantities are raising chickens in plastic greenhouses, raising chickens in cages and raising chickens in mountainous areas.

Plastic greenhouse chicken rearing:

This is a kind of chicken rearing method with low investment, quick effect and high profit, which is worth to be popularized and applied among chicken rearing households who are just beginning to engage in chicken rearing and have poor economic conditions.

The advantages of plastic greenhouse chicken

Convenient: the main material of plastic greenhouse chicken coop for ordinary agricultural film, bamboo and grass curtains, in addition to film, these materials are easy to obtain. Can be built as needed, do not compete with agriculture, and can be combined with agriculture and animal husbandry, chicken fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, but also to facilitate the shed thoroughly disinfected, eradication of germs.

Inexpensive: the general construction of the chicken house according to each chicken counts about 30 yuan of investment, with this method only 4 yuan, and build simple, time-saving labor, but also make full use of the other original free shed chicken, and easy to manage, can improve the survival rate, the average rate of brooder and brood rate of 98% and 96% or more. 1 shed only need to raise 3 batches of chickens can be recovered from the investment.

Sufficient light: Because the plastic greenhouse has translucent characteristics, the natural light area is large, long time, which is conducive to improve the survival rate, accelerate the growth rate, reduce feed consumption.

Good heat preservation: this advantage is especially prominent in winter, which can improve the egg production rate of hens and the weight gain rate of broilers.

Cage chicken:

This method of raising chickens, high stocking density, easy to artificially control the feeding conditions, to ensure that the egg production rate of laying hens is stable, high-yield and broiler weight gain, relatively low consumption of materials to save space, bedding, etc., but also by the producers of popularity.

Mountain chicken:

It is the use of grassy hills and slopes, orchards, woodlands, deserted beaches and other places of natural green fodder and insects and other animal feed stocking domestic chickens. It is characterized by good isolation conditions, less disease occurrence, high survival rate and less investment. Both reduce the cost of feeding, but also increase the wild taste, raise the chicken flavor unique, good quality, no fishy taste, taste delicious, quite popular with consumers, so the price is good, high efficiency, is a good way to get rich.

The following highlights the main technology of this chicken:

Breed selection

Mountain chicken is characterized by grazing, in the selection of varieties should be selected suitable for grazing, disease resistance of the soil chicken or soil chicken is appropriate, such as Taoyuan Chicken, Xianju Chicken, Goodyear Chicken, Xiao Mountain Chicken, Chuanghe Chicken, Sanyuan Chicken, Apricot Chicken, Yangshan Chicken, Qingyuan Chicken, Sanyuan Husky Chicken, Zhongshan Shalan Chicken The local fine breeds such as Xinyi Huaixiang Chicken and Guangxi Chicken. They are resistant to rough feeding, disease resistance, although the growth rate is slow, low feed compensation, but the meat is delicious, high prices, large profits, should be the first choice as a variety of mountain rearing.

Shed building

Site selection. The proper choice of site for raising chickens in the mountains is related to health and epidemic prevention, the growth of chickens and the efficiency of the feeders, and the success or failure of raising chickens and benefits. Site selection should follow the following principles: (1) both conducive to epidemic prevention, but also convenient transportation. (2) The site should be chosen in a high, dry and well-drained place. (3) The site should have shade equipment to prevent sunstroke or rain and cold. (4) The site should have water and power source, and be well circled to prevent loss and bringing in germs. A grassy slope that is sheltered from the wind and the sun, with relatively flat terrain and not waterlogged. It is best to have trees in it so that the chickens can cool off in the shade.

Shedding method. Chicken coop design requirements are: ventilated, dry, warm in winter, cool in summer, the seat should sit north to south. General shed width of 4-5 meters, 7-9 meters long, the middle height of 1.7-1.8 meters, both sides of the high 0.8-0.9 meters. Usually used from the inside out linoleum, straw, film three layers of roof, to waterproof insulation. On both sides of the roof and one end of the sand masonry to film linoleum pressure, the other end of an entrance and exit, in order to facilitate the feeders and chickens in and out. The main bracket of the shed is pulled firmly with wire in four directions to prevent the shed from being overturned by storms.

Disinfecting the shed. After each batch of chickens, the chicken shed should be thoroughly cleaned, replace the ground surface soil, cleaning tools. The shed ground and utensils first 3% -5% of the Lysol water solution for spraying and soaking disinfection, and then fumigation, 25 ml of formalin per cubic meter of space with 12.5 grams of potassium permanganate. The grassy hills and slopes where chickens were originally kept should also be disinfected by spreading 1 layer of slaked lime on the ground and then spraying. It is best to use non-polluting grassy hills and slopes to build new sheds.

Spreading bedding. In order to keep warm, you need to lay some bedding. Bedding material requires fresh non-polluting, loose, dry, absorbent sawdust, small shavings, straw, grain husk, etc., can be mixed. Before using the bedding material should be exposed to the sun, pick out the moldy bedding grass. Thickness of 3-5 centimeters is appropriate.

Feed selection

Generally speaking, the growth rate of high-quality soil chicken is slower, and the requirements for the nutritional level of the feed are relatively low, but you can't just feed a single feed, so as not to cause a lack of nutrients, which affects the development of growth and reduces the survival rate. A series of full-price pellets or mixed feeds for high-quality indigenous chickens should be selected. In addition, you can use mountain-grown pumpkin, sweet potato, cassava and other miscellaneous grains instead of part of the mix.

Chick feeding management

Chick growth and development is characterized by poor thermoregulation, fast growth, imperfect digestive function, poor disease resistance, strong sensitivity, preferring to live in groups, timid. Therefore, in feeding management to grasp the following points:

Water and open food. After the chicks enter the brooder room, rest for half an hour to 1 hour, then you can feed water. Generally feeding water precedes feeding. Water temperature of about 32 ℃ is appropriate, do not drink cold water. The first 2 days can drink dilute concentration of potassium permanganate solution, is conducive to anti-inflammatory, sterilization, prevention of white diarrhea in chicks. After drinking water, chicks can quickly discharge meconium to stimulate appetite. Generally after the opening of the drink can open food. Spread the open food feed on the light-colored plastic sheet spread on the bedding, and let the chicks eat freely. Chick's digestive power is poor, must be fed to easy to digest, nutritional comprehensive feed. Chicks have a strong appetite after 2 days out of the shell. Feeding should be timed and rationed, generally feeding eighty percent full is appropriate. Too full will cause indigestion; insufficient will affect the growth and development of chicks, and even cause pecking fetish. Each feeding amount to 15-20 minutes to finish eating is appropriate.

Environmental temperature and humidity. The key to brooding is to give chicks the right temperature. Take the temperature under the brooder as an example: it is 34-35℃ at 1-2 days of age; 32-34℃ at 3-7 days of age; 30-28℃ in the 2nd week; 28-26℃ in the 3rd week. During the brooding period, the temperature drops by 2℃ per week in winter and spring, and by 3℃ per week in summer and fall, until it drops to 21℃. Chick requirements for humidity, the first week of relative humidity in 70% -75%, the second week down to 60%, after the third week try to maintain the level of 55% - 60%. Too much humidity is conducive to the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms and can easily induce coccidiosis. Too little humidity and dryness will make the chicks respiratory acceleration, the body of the water with the breath and a lot of exudation, the remaining yolk in the abdomen of the poor absorption, affecting the development of the chicks.

Attention to grouping, strengthen the inspection. Strong and weak chicks and sick chicks should be kept in separate groups, checking the weak chicks is best in the morning when the first feeding, the weak chicks are easy to be squeezed out. Immediate elimination of the sicker chicks. Frequent inspection of the flock, the significance of three points: First, through observation to understand the palatability of the feed and feeding volume; Second, from the chick's diet, activity, fecal status in time to find and diagnose disease; Third, timely detection of accidents, timely treatment, reduce losses.

Growing chicken feeding management

Growing period of the chicken growth rate, appetite, feeding increasing. The purpose of feeding is to enable the chicken to get full development, laying the foundation for the later fattening. The feeding method is grazing combined with supplemental feeding. General attention should be paid to the following two points:

Male and female chickens are kept in separate groups. Generally the rooster feathers grow slower, competitive, higher utilization of protein and lysine and other substances in it, high feed efficiency. Hens due to endocrine hormone differences, slow weight gain, poor feed efficiency. Separate feeding of male and female is conducive to improve the degree of neatness. During the growing period, the use of regular supplemental feeding, put the feed in the trough or spread directly on the ground, morning and evening 1 time, eat clean and eat until full.

Deworming. General grazing 20-30 days after the first deworming, 20-30 days apart and then the second deworming. The main thing is to get rid of internal parasites, such as roundworms, tapeworms and so on. You can use Roundworm Spirit, Levamisole or Prothiobenzimidazole. For the first deworming, use half a tablet of Roundworm Spirit for each chicken. For the second deworming, use 1 tablet per chicken. The tablets can be taken directly by mouth at night or powdered and mixed with feed. Be sure to carefully mix the drug and feed evenly, otherwise it is easy to produce drug poisoning. On the morning of the 2nd day, check the chicken droppings to see if any worms are discharged. And remove the chicken droppings to prevent the chickens from pecking at the worms. If you find adult worms in chicken droppings, you can deworm 1 time with the same dosage the next night.

Fattening chicken feeding management

That is, 10 weeks of age to the market period. The main point of feeding in this period is to promote the deposition of fat in the chicken body, increase the fatness of broilers, improve the meat quality and feather luster, so as to achieve the timely listing. In feeding management should pay attention to the following three points: First, as the age of broiler chickens grows, the main tissues of the body growth is very different from the middle chicken stage. Broilers deposited moderate fat can improve the quality of chicken meat, improve the aesthetic appearance of the carcass. This period should generally increase the metabolizable energy of the diet, a relative reduction in protein content, broiler fattening period of energy is generally required to reach 12.54 MJ / kg, crude protein in about 15% can be. In order to achieve this level, often need to increase animal fat. Secondly, the fattening period using grazing fattening, on the one hand, you can let the chicken feed on nature's insects and leaves, weeds and other savings feed; on the other hand, improve the flavor of chicken meat, so that the appearance of listed chickens and meat quality is better. Into the fattening period, should reduce the chicken's range of activities and sports, in order to facilitate the fattening. Thirdly, good epidemic prevention, pay attention to insecticide, rodenticide and cleaning and disinfection work. To prevent diseases.

Disease control

There are many reasons for the occurrence of chicken disease, physical factors, such as improper feed coordination, too high or too low temperature, stress and trauma; chemical factors, such as drug overdose, mistakenly eating pesticides inhaling harmful gases; biological factors, mainly pathogenic microbial invasion. Therefore, in the disease control should grasp the following points:

Firmly establish the point of view that prevention is more important than cure. This is the basic policy of disease control, but among farmers, many people are heavy treatment and light prevention, resulting in high chicken morbidity, high mortality, high cost and low efficiency.

Establish the point of view of disease prevention and control with epidemic (bacterial) vaccine. This is the most important, most effective and most economical measures to prevent and control diseases. Most of the major infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccination, the success of vaccination, and the chicken's maternal antibody, vaccination and vaccination time has a direct relationship, therefore, different chicken farms have different immunization procedures.

Establishing the viewpoint of comprehensive prevention and control. That is, from the establishment of the farm, into the seedling to the feeding management of all aspects of the perspective of conducive to epidemic prevention, which is the general requirements of the rules of epidemic prevention, is the chicken industry towards industrialization, the basic requirements of intensive.

I don't know if I am satisfied with this introduction, there are a lot of chicken technology books, you really want to raise chickens to get rich, not only to read the books, but also through practice.