What are the main characteristics of human resources?

Human resources refer to the sum total of people who can promote national economic and social development and have intellectual and physical labor ability. As a special resource, human resources have the following characteristics compared with non-human resources:

(1) initiative

Non-human resources (such as factory equipment, etc.). ) is in a passive position in the management process. They are subject to human resources and can be disposed of, divided and sold by human resources. Human resources are active resources. They can take the initiative to accept learning, choose careers, respond to organizational systems and rewards, and are eager to meet their needs with creativity. Dynamic characteristics are the most critical characteristics to distinguish human resources from non-human resources. Human resources with initiative are the concentrated expression of the core competitiveness of enterprises, the fundamental guarantee of enterprise development and the source of enterprise value-added.

(2) timeliness

The carrier of human resources is a person with biological characteristics. The development and utilization of human resources is restricted by human life cycle and has certain timeliness. Human life cycle can be divided into gestation period, growth period, maturity period and decline period. The natural time for human resources to engage in work and create wealth is generally limited to a period of 18 ~ 60 years old. Although human resources can also play a role outside this period, it is restricted by natural and social factors such as age, physical strength, brain power and law. Due to the timeliness of human resources, society and enterprises must effectively develop and utilize human resources, and give full play to the potential of human resources to avoid the loss of human resources.

(3) Sociality

As the carrier of human resources, people are people in society. The role of people needs the cooperation between people and the encouragement and satisfaction of belonging, respect and development of people at different levels. Organization is a systematic organization composed of individuals, and its strategic implementation, goals and tasks require interpersonal cooperation. Through effective organization and management, creating a harmonious and trusting interpersonal atmosphere and paying attention to the cultivation of team consciousness will help to give full play to people's potential, motivate employees to play their talents for the enterprise, and make the development of the enterprise gain strong spiritual motivation.

(4) Scarcity

The relative scarcity of human resources has two manifestations:

Explicit scarcity refers to the absolute shortage of talents with certain knowledge and skills in the talent market in a certain period of time, especially the management and technical talents needed by enterprises are often relatively insufficient. Therefore, it is a key task in enterprise human resource management to strive to obtain all kinds of scarce talents.

(2) Hidden scarcity refers to the fact that the distribution of human resources is difficult to effectively match the strategic goals and tasks of enterprises from a statistical point of view, and asymmetric distribution leads to relative scarcity. In order to solve the problem of explicit and implicit scarcity, enterprises need to do a good job in human resource planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, salary, performance and the relationship between employees and enterprises. At the same time, we should also do a good job in personnel outsourcing according to the needs of enterprise development.

(5) variability

The variability of human resources refers to the change of the degree to which human resources play a role in the process of use. The variability of human resources is caused by the timeliness of human resources and other factors. Human resources are not only influenced by the objective factor of people's life cycle, but also related to the diversified state of ideas, concepts, cultures, viewpoints and consciousness inspired by people in social life. The existence of variability requires creating conditions in human resource management, allocating human resources to the best state and fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of human resources.