The real meaning of ballet

is to write cultural knowledge can be in the history of ballet, the connotation of a deeper understanding of the ballet's origin and history Ballet art was born in Italy, born in the late seventeenth century at the court of Louis XIV's France, the eighteenth century in France has become perfect, to the end of the nineteenth century, in Russia into the most prosperous period. Ballet in nearly four hundred years of long-term historical development process, the world's countries have a great influence, the circulation is very wide, has become the world's countries are trying to develop a form of art. The history of ballet, the earliest beginning can be traced back to the heyday of the Renaissance in Europe, the Italian court, and the south of France, Begandy place in the court. Whenever a wedding celebration, receive foreign heads of state, or other big celebrations, that is, perform this dance to show that wish or cheer. Ballet development history of the first more complete ballet - "Queen's Comedy Ballet" staged in 1581, when the Lorena (Lorraine) of Miss Margaret and Versailles (Versaills) of the Duke of Yao Yousi married, the ballet's music score is still preserved, can be regarded as the most ancient ballet music. Ballet flourished during the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715), who was himself a great dancer and a lover of ballet, and who, in 1661, founded the first school of dance in history, the Académie Royale de la Danse (Royal Academy of Dance of France), dedicated to the teaching of the art of dance. The school is now part of the Paris Opera. The five positions of the hands and feet and some of the beautiful ballet positions that are still used today were fixed here in 1700. The cultural and musical importance of the French ballet grew enormously under the strong encouragement of the royal choreographer Beauchamp and the musicians Cambefort and Lully. So ballet became the source of many new court dances; such as: Gavotte (Gavotte), Passepied (Passepied), Boree (Boree), Rigaudon (Rigaudon) and so on. The most important of these dances is the Minuet, which Lully began to perform in 1653, when he began to participate in the ballet activities of the French court, which culminated in the Minuet. He was working with Moliere to produce the so-called Comedie Ballet, a mixture of theater and ballet, and his Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (The Little Gentleman), published in 1760, can be considered the most famous masterpiece of this kind of dance. Lully used ballet in his operas, as did his two successors, Campra and Rameau. Rameau's works, in particular, are more interesting due to the mixture of foreign flavors such as Mexican, healthy and Chinese. This is of course related to his personality and background. The English created a special ballet called the Masque. By the second half of the 17th century, Vienna had become the center of ballet performance. However, at that time, European ballet was in the debate between "tradition" and "innovation", between "rigor" and "lyricism", between "tradition" and "innovation", between "rigor" and "lyricism", between "tradition" and "innovation", between "rigor" and "lyricism". between "tradition" and "innovation", "strictness" and "lyricism", "pure dance art" and "title dance art", as well as "ballet" and "modern dance". and "ballet" and "modern dance". These concepts are still more or less alive today in the 20th century, and are sometimes debated. Beginning in 1789, there were a number of early (pre-romantic) ballet masterpieces, such as "The Unstoppable Daughter". In the 19th century, there was the "romantic ballet" in Paris, the golden age in the history of ballet, with "Nymphs" (1832), "Giselle" (1841) and "Gabrielle" (1870) as the representative of the heirloom works, and then in Russia, "classical ballet", the whole ballet of the golden age, and then into "classical ballet". Then in Russia, it entered the "Classical Ballet", the heyday of the whole ballet history, leaving a large number of classical repertoire led by the "Sleeping Beauty" (1890), "The Nutcracker" (1892) and "Swan Lake" (1895), which led to the formation of the idea that This has led to the formation of the concept of "dance theater is the highest form of dance". This concept was not realized until the 20th century, when "modern ballet" and "contemporary ballet" were successively born, especially when dance began to come out of the misunderstanding of "non-dance" and tried its best to return to the essence of movement. The Russian-American ballet master George Balanchine (1904-1910) was one of the most important artists of the 20th century. Balanchine (1904-1983) as the leader of "pure ballet" (i.e., non-dance theater ballet, also known as "neo-classical ballet") began to occupy a dominant position, only to put an end to the domination of theatrical ballet. It was only after this that the dominance of theater ballet was ended. There are seven first-class classical ballet companies recognized by the world: the Kirov Ballet and the Bolshoi Ballet of the former Soviet Union, the New York City Ballet and the American Ballet Theatre of the United States, the Royal Ballet of the United Kingdom, the Ballet de l'Opéra de Paris of France and the Royal Danish Ballet. Contemporary ballet has enjoyed unprecedented popularity and prosperity, represented by the Czech Jiri Kylián (1947- ) and his Netherlands Dance Theater and the American William Fawcett (1949- ). Fawcett (1949- ) and his German Ballet Frankfurt. Ballet classification 1, music ballet to show the skills of the dancers for the main purpose, such as Saint-Sa?ns's "dying swan. 2, drama ballet, as the name suggests, is a ballet with a plot. Romantic Ballet is also known as "white ballet", where the female dancers are known for wearing white bell-shaped sarongs. For example, Adam's "Giselle". 4. Classical School Female dancers wear gorgeous short skirts, and male dancers dance in the unique form of classical dance, such as Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake". 5. Contemporary ballet, such as Stawinski's "The Firebird". 6. Opera Ballet Ballet interspersed with opera, such as the ballet in the opera "Wilhelm Tell". Shoes Female ballerinas wear shoes with stiffened tips so that they can dance on their toes without hurting their feet. Body language All ballets begin and end with one of these five positions. These poses were created in the 18th century to achieve balance and make the feet appear graceful. The traditional classical ballet technique is based on the aesthetic of opening, stretching and tensing. It consists of: five basic positions of the foot, three basic dance positions such as "arabesque", "attitude" and "ecarte"; leg techniques: the various "battements" - including leg extension, opening and rond de jambo. rond de jambo (leg circles), etc.; jumps of various ranges and postures; spins; leg strikes; steps and linking movements; women's pointe techniques; support and lifting techniques for pas de deux; and port de bras, etc. These basic movements of classical ballet (the "pas de deux") are the most important of all. These basic movements (elements) of classical ballet are like letters, and the choreographer uses these "letters" to write out the personalities, identities and emotions of different characters as well as their positions and roles in the development of the plot, and then arranges, combines and composes the figurative dance vocabulary according to a specific structural technique to express the plot and create various dance images with artistic charms. The five basic positions of the feet: First: two heels close together in a straight line, toes 180 degrees outward Second: two heels a foot's length apart, feet twisted outward, two feet in a straight line Third: two heels overlap each other front and back, toes open outward Fourth: two feet before and after the foot to maintain a foot's distance, the two toes opposite each other into two straight lines, legs turned outward Fifth: two feet before and after the foot overlap each other, the two toes touching each other, legs turned outward Hands: two feet before and after the overlap, two toes touching each other, legs turned outward Basic Hand Positions: 1. Vakanova School (Russian School) First position: hands in front of the front belly in a natural circle Second position: hands stretched out at the side, in the line of sight, palms inward Third position: hands raised above the head in the line of sight 2. Chogdian School (Italian School) First position: hands hanging down in a natural circle, fingers touching the thighs in the position of the second position: hands stretched out at the side Third position: one hand in front of the body, palms inward Third position: one hand in front of the body with the palm facing inward, the other hand at the side Fourth position: one hand in front of the body at the same height as the diaphragm, then raised above the head at the same time. Classical tutu The length of the skirt, not exceeding the knee, is short, but the sleeves are sleeveless, long-sleeved, lantern-sleeved, etc. 1. Pure white classical tutu, e.g., the White Swan in Swan Lake 2. All black or bright red, the former, e.g., the Black Swan in Swan Lake 3. Lantern-sleeved with an undershirt, e.g., the Doll-Corbélia, the doll played by Swanee da in Act II of Corbélia 4. Cornelia 4, long sleeves with undershirt, decorated with bright bead embroidery 5, different colors on the top and bottom of the tutu Romantic tutu It's almost to the ankle near the skirt, into the bell type, sleeveless, lantern sleeve colors are white, pale, lavender and so on. 1、Romantic tutu with lantern sleeves, such as "Dance of the Four" and "The Rose". 2. Tulle dresses on the arms or shoulders when pretending to be a leprechaun, e.g. Giselle, Act II, Nymphs 3. Village girl tutus with lantern sleeves on the back and lovely patterns on the belly, e.g. Giselle, Act I, Corbélia, Daughters of the Wind. Role Classical ballet has its own specific structure and form, through the artistic director, choreographers, dancers, lighting and sound, costumes, sets ...... professional theater staff work closely together, in order to present a complete in front of the audience. If we can have a basic understanding of the ballet stage type, watching ballet performances will be able to get great fun and **** Ming. Ballet performance is mainly composed of the following three roles: 1, the protagonist: the protagonist is the story of the core characters, dancers need to have a certain level of skill and physical strength, and most importantly, to have a high level of dance literacy and character, in order to interpret the characters in the show. Classical ballet pas de deux is the center of gravity of the entire dance drama, mostly performed by male and female protagonists. The structure of classical ballet pas de deux is in the order of male and female protagonist pas de deux, followed by male solo, female solo, and finally the finale (coda) pas de deux, where the protagonist's artistic qualities and skill level will be presented in the pas de deux. Soloist: A person who has the skills of the lead and can perform alone or with three or four people. 3、Group dancers: Although group dancers have simple steps, the complexity of the picture changes, the whole atmosphere is playing a pivotal role in dragging, each group dancer is very important, as long as there is a person messed up steps, the overall picture will be affected. Dance terminology, dance image: the art of dance as a means of shaping the image of the character dynamic image, technical human posture, modeling, footwork and other actions with the help of music, stage art, make-up, clothing and other artistic factors to produce a visual effect of appreciation value. It has the characteristics of visibility, mobility and aesthetics, and is the main object of perception and recognition in the process of dance appreciation and the main body of the aesthetic value of dance art. Dance expression: According to the real-life human psychological activities and the customary characteristics of expression, after refining and artistic processing, it is summarized in different dance forms and shows the inner emotional changes such as joy, anger, sadness and happiness. In addition to the facial expression coordinated with the movement, rhythmic movements, gestures, gestures and modeling can also produce artistic expression of the dance. Dance movement: the basic means of expression of dance art. It originates from the imitation of human emotion and various dynamic things in nature. Mainly includes: 1, a single action, that is, a part of the human body for the initiative, the other parts of the static or with the action; 2, composite action, refers to all parts of the human body at the same time in accordance with a certain order, specifications made by the action; 3, action combination. Generally refers to the training of dance skills for the main purpose, there are more than two single action or composite action in a certain order, direction, speed and amplitude of the combination and changes in the composition of the continuity of the action of the slide, flexion and extension, kicking, jumping, rotating and so on. Fourth, folk dance (folk dance): refers to the generation and circulation in the folk, subject to folk culture, improvisation but relatively stable style, to self-indulgence as the main function of the dance form. Folk dances of different regions, countries and nationalities have obvious differences in performance skills and styles due to the influence of living environment, customs, lifestyle, national character, cultural traditions, religious beliefs and other factors as well as the physical limitations of performers' age and gender. Folk dance is not lacking in simplicity and simplicity, diverse forms, rich content, vivid image and other characteristics, and has always been an indispensable source of material for classical dance, court dance and professional dance entrepreneurship in various countries. Fifth, social dance (social dance): also known as ballroom dance (ballroom dance) refers to the European Renaissance since the popularity of the court dance and popular in recent times in a variety of social places of dance. The name and the dance music used, as well as the basic dance steps, formations, styles and dance performances in order to follow the Italian, British, French, German, Spanish and other countries folk dance characteristics. Bronte, Minuet, Gavotte, Polonaise, Liandele, Polka, Mazurka, Gallop, Waltz had been popular in the courts of European countries. After the French Revolution, the form of court dances has been far from meeting the needs of all social classes, mass public **** ballroom in the European continent came into being, and gradually replaced the court dance will become the main place of social activities. Dance is simple and easy to learn, the form of free, easy to improvise and vent their emotions in the dance in the public **** ballroom is highly favored, social dance and thus quickly integrated into the cultural life of the civilian class. Six, ballet (ballet): French translation. Specifically refers to a certain action specifications, skills, and aesthetic requirements of the European classical form; or general refers to human movement, gesture performance drama content to promote the development of the plot, as well as the performance of a certain mood, mood, psychological state and behavior of the dance form of expression. The former is sometimes translated as "dance drama". ballet word from the ancient Latin ballo, the original meaning for the public to dance a certain style of dance, and no theater performance meaning. Ballet as a stage art form, began in the Renaissance Italian court in the grand feast entertainment activities. Later by the Princess of Florence - Medici Catherine brought this dance form into the French court. 1581, the French court performance of the first ballet "Queen's Comedy Ballet" in Europe caused great repercussions, the courts of various countries have to follow suit, and the ballet as a model of court entertainment, 1661 French King Louis XIV In 1661, King Louis XIV of France created the Royal Academy of Dance in Paris, and then authorized the establishment of the Opera House in Paris in 1669, which ended the golden age of "court ballet". After ballet entered the theater, it went through the stages of "comedy ballet" and "singing ballet". 18th century, "plot dance" and related theories were perfected, and ballet changed completely from being dependent on the theater. In the mid-18th century, "melodrama" and related theories were perfected, and ballet completely changed its dependence on drama and opera, and only performed interludes between scenes, developing into a theater art form with serious social significance by promoting the development of the plot with dance and music. the early 19th century was another golden age in the history of the development of ballet, and there were major breakthroughs in the content and subject matter, techniques and performances as well as in performance forms, etc. Pointe dance techniques gradually became the mainstay of female performers' art. Pointe technique gradually became the main means of performance for actresses, and a set of systematic and scientific training methods were accumulated. Influenced by the Romantic cultural trend, the development of ballet in European countries paid more attention to the expression of national spirit and temperament, and formed different styles of ballet schools such as Italian school, French school, Russian school and Danish school, etc. Since the 20th century, Russia has replaced Italy and France to become the center of the development of traditional ballet. In Europe and the United States on the stage, different styles and different schools of modern ballet gradually showed vigorous development momentum, thus injecting new vitality into the development of ballet art. Seven, plot dance: ballet terminology. The original meaning refers to the structure of the situation is relatively stable, and the development of the plot has a direct link with the dance. Romantic period, the basic structure of the plot dance situation is: "out", the slow duet, male and female solo dance and all the actors to participate in the final group dance. Raymunda", "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "Dancing Girl" in the large-scale duo dance and "Esmeralda" in the ball scene are more typical of the plot dance. 20 century, the plot dance as a dance with the entertainment of the dance as opposed to the concept of a general reference to all the expression of the characters of the psychological and emotional changes, and to promote the development of the plot of the dance. Dance-drama: (dance-drama) to dance as the main means of expression, and comprehensive music, art, drama, literature and other forms of art, performance of specific dramatic content, mood, character image, emotion, psychological state and behavior, as well as to promote the development of the plot of the stage performance art. Due to the needs of the plot or the different styles of the times and characters, dance dramas can choose or comprehensively use classical dance, folk dance, character dance, modern dance, court dance, or ballroom dance and other forms of performance, and there are choreographed solo, duo, trio, group, duo, trio, group, group, and other styles of dance composition. Chinese dance drama has a long history, originating from the court music and dance of the slave society. European dance drama and "ballet" in the concept of no clear definition. Nine, group dance: (group dance) one of the dance styles. Generally refers to the folk dance "collective dance" stage performance form, that is, more than three people, the number of different people dance. The picture of the group dance, composition varies, requiring performers to move neatly, unified style, with tacit understanding, and thus has a rich artistic expression. (1) Dance works with independent contents and themes and complete plots. Chinese dance "touching the snail", "grassland female militia", "under the grapevine", Russia's "small birch tree", North Korea's dance "in the spring", "picking apples", the United States of America's modern dance "Imagery" and so on are all the success of the work of the group dance. (2) In large-scale dance works, sometimes due to the picture, composition needs, or to highlight the main characters and strengthen the dramatic effect, group dance is often interspersed with some solo, duo, trio dance passages, such as "Fairies", "Swan Lake" and other ballet scenes in the solo and duo dance. (3) dance drama and large-scale dance for the atmosphere of the whole situation and choreographed group dance, such as the Chinese dance drama "Red Detachment of Women" in the "female warrior dance", "hats dance", the Russian ballet "Swan Lake" in the swan dance and so on.