What is color composition?

That is, the interaction of colors is based on people's perception and psychological effects of colors. Through scientific analysis, complex color phenomena are reduced to basic elements, and the relationship between components is combined according to certain laws by using the variability of colors in space, quantity and quality, so as to create new color effects.

Color generation:

The formation of the color of an object depends on three aspects: the illumination of a light source, the reflection of a certain color light by the object itself, and the influence of environment and space on the color of the object.

There are various ways to display the color of an object. The color of an object is formed by the light waves it radiates. This kind of object is called luminous body, also called light source, such as sun and light bulb. Another kind of object itself does not emit light, but it can absorb, reflect and see through light energy to varying degrees and present color. This kind of object is called non-luminous. What plays an important role in the cause of color is the transmission, absorption and reflection of light.

Light and color:

1. Light and color * * * exist, only when there is light can color, and the essence of color is light, which are inseparable;

2. Visible light and invisible light: Light is electromagnetic wave in physics.

Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 0.39 micron and 0.77 micron can cause people's visual feeling, which is visible light. Wavelength less than 0.39 micron are ultraviolet rays. The wavelength greater than 0.77 micron is infrared light, and both ultraviolet light and infrared light are invisible light. The reason why we can see all kinds of colors of various objects is because of the prerequisite of illumination. Natural objects selectively absorb, reflect and see through colored light. Color is the product of light. Without light, there is no feeling of color, but not all light is felt by color.

Ambient color:

The color changes are colorful. In a certain environment, the color formed by the mutual influence of the colors of surrounding objects is called environmental color. That is, the change of the inherent color of an object caused by the color reflected by the surrounding objects. It is an important factor to determine the color of an object. In the objective world, any kind of object can't exist in isolation, and it is bound to be influenced by the surrounding environment. Color is no exception, and the surrounding environment colors will also reflect and influence each other. It is precisely because of this phenomenon that objects are colorful and colorful, which makes colors form an interrelated overall atmosphere.

Any object placed in the middle of other objects is bound to be affected by the color of the surrounding objects. The influence of environmental color on the color of surrounding objects is obvious in the dark part of the object. The stronger the light source, the stronger the ambient color reflection. The closer an object is, the more obvious its impact on the environment will be. The smoother the texture and brighter the color, the greater the intensity of the reaction environment, and vice versa. The influence of environmental color on the dark side and bright side of an object is different. The bright side mainly reacts with the light source color, and the dark side mainly reacts with the environmental color, which also enriches the dark color.

Three elements of color:

1, brightness

Refers to the lightness of color, which can also be called brightness, depth, etc. Brightness is determined by amplitude. The wider the amplitude, the greater the amount of light entering, the higher the reflectivity of the object to light and the higher the brightness. The narrower the amplitude, the smaller the amount of light entering, the lower the reflectivity of the object to light and the lower the brightness. Any color has a certain brightness. Brightness has certain independence and can exist independently of hue and purity, and hue and purity of color always appear together, so lightness is the skeleton of color.

In achromatic color, white is the highest limit of lightness and black is the lowest limit. A simple lightness column can be obtained by taking white and black as poles and making a gray gradient from deep to light between them. The closer to white, the higher brightness, the closer to black, the lower brightness. The brightness of each solid color in all colors is different, with yellow having the highest brightness and purple having the lowest brightness.

We can transform any color relationship into black-and-white relationship, that is, we can only express it with lightness, just as we express the color world with sketches, black-and-white photography and so on.

Methods to improve color brightness include adding white or diluting color.

2. Hue (Vietnamese city)

Refers to the appearance of color, different wavelengths determine different hues, which is the color that everyone feels most intuitively. In the spectrum, red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple have different wavelengths, which bring us different color feelings. They are the most basic colors. Others, such as rose red, vermilion, twisted oak yellow and emerald green, also refer to the tones of specific colors, which are different names for different tones. Add black or white to these colors respectively, and the colors only change in brightness, but the hue remains the same.

Hue is the most direct representative of color and the soul of color. In daily life, most people tend to ignore the lightness and purity of color, and the most direct impression of color is the hue of color.

In order to observe and understand colors more conveniently, colorists have designed special color rings to guide people to look at colors correctly in a clear and gradual visual order. The phase ring is the simplest phase ring, which arranges solid colors such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple in a clockwise ring. Based on these six colors, we can get twelve phase rings, and then based on these twelve colors, we can get twenty-four phase rings. The color ring is the combination of the highest purity tones, which reflects the wonderful conversion relationship of colors in different tones.

Step 3 be pure

Refers to the lightness of color, that is, the saturation, purity and chromaticity of color. It is caused by the different wavelength purity of each color, and all colors with hue sense have a certain purity. Achromatic color has no hue, so it has no purity. It can also be considered that their purity value is zero.

Pure colors with different tones not only have different lightness, but also have different purity. This is because the sensitivity of eyes to different wavelengths of light radiation is different. Among them, red has the highest purity, orange and yellow have higher purity, and blue and green have the lowest purity. Solid color represents the purity column of this color, which gradually transitions from high purity to completely pure gray.

The color with the highest purity is the brightest. We can gradually add the gray with the same brightness as the solid color until it becomes gray completely, and then we can get the purity column with the color from the highest purity to the lowest purity.

Most of the colors we feel in reality are not high-purity colors. These colors change subtly and are rich in color. In color matching, adding achromatic colors such as black, white or gray can reduce the purity, but the brightness of the colors changes accordingly, and adding complementary colors can also reduce the purity.