How did Shanxi merchants realize the separation of two rights in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and how should modern enterprises learn from its essence?

The separation of the two rights of Shanxi merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties refers to the separation of ownership and management rights. This is called "partnership system" or "partnership system", that is, the owner, as the master, decides major affairs and the management is completely handed over to the person headed by the big shopkeeper.

The reference of modern enterprises;

First, the employment mechanism. After the separation of ownership and management rights, it is necessary to appoint talented people as managers of enterprises. You can't be crony, but you need to be meritocratic. Shanxi merchants are very cautious and cautious in choosing managers. Li Hongling, an important figure in Shanxi's draft bank industry, once concluded: "Those who get people will prosper, while those who lose people will decline. Those who look carefully can get it, but those who don't look carefully can't get it. "

Second, the reward mechanism. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanxi merchants generally adopted top share production as the labor remuneration system to coordinate labor relations and mobilize the enthusiasm of employees. Top share system means that ordinary employees can replace shares with their own labor and participate in dividends together with shareholders' capital shares. Through this system, modern enterprises can be encouraged to pay attention to mobilizing the enthusiasm of employees and give full play to their potential by formulating reasonable systems and incentive mechanisms.

Third, the management mechanism. After the separation of ownership and management rights, shareholders no longer manage specific daily affairs, but grasp them from a macro perspective and teach managers to assign and be responsible for daily tasks. This enlightens modern enterprises to formulate appropriate working mechanisms, rationally allocate tasks, and never interfere in their own affairs. Give full play to the freedom of enterprise leaders within the system and cultivate their abilities.