What are the four great masterpieces?

The Water Margin is a series of vivid stories about the heroes of Liangshan Mountain, who fought against oppression and heroism, exposing the decadence and brutality of the ruling class at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and revealing the sharp social contradictions and the brutal reality of the "officials forcing the people to rebel" at that time.

2. Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with the uprising of the Yellow Turbans and ends with the destruction of Wu and the opening of the Jin Dynasty by Sima, and focuses on the war, reflecting the political and military struggles among the three political groups of Wei, Shu Han, and Wu, and showing the history of the past 100 years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, and has successfully portrayed a number of powerful heroes and characters.

3. Journey to the West

The first seven chapters of Journey to the West recount the birth of the Monkey King, with stories such as the Great Trouble in the Palace of Heaven. After that, it is written that Sun Wukong accompanied the Tang Monk to seek scriptures in the West, and along the way, he got rid of the demons and overcame the difficulties. The book of the Tang Monk, the Monkey King, Pigsy, Monk Sha and other images vividly portrayed, large-scale, structural integrity, and "Journey to the West" is rich in Buddhist colors, its implied meaning is very far-reaching, and there are different opinions, see the wisdom of the people.

4, "Dream of Red Mansions"

"Dream of Red Mansions" is about people and things that happened in the feudal family of a fictional dynasty, in which the emotional entanglements between Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, and Xue Baochai are the main line of the three people through the description of some of the day-to-day events reflecting the love and hate in the Grand View Garden of the Jia residence to the main body of the Twelve Haircatchers of the Women's Love and Hate in the Golden Haircracker.

And at the same time, the sub-line from the richness and splendor of the Jia Mansion to its decline reflects the decline of a large family and the ugly inner life of this seemingly magnificent family.

Expanded information 1, "Water Margin" is the first long novel written in vernacular language in Chinese history, which created the precedent of vernacular chapter book novels. As a new literary genre, it has since established its rightful place in the literary field, and has begun to gradually change the face of the literary world, where poetry and literature are the mainstay.

The artistic achievement of Water Margin is most prominently displayed in the portrayal of heroic characters. The great historical theme of the book is mainly expressed through the glorification of the uprising heroes and the depiction of their struggles.

The success of the heroes' portrayal is thus an important factor in the glorious artistic life of the work. In "Water Margin", at least one or two dozen typical images with distinctive personalities have appeared, and these images are flesh and blood, vivid and vivid, leaping off the page.

In terms of characterization, the most important feature is that the author is good at placing the characters in the real historical environment, fastening the identity of the characters, experiences and encounters to portray their character.

2, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a synthesis of folklore and opera, drama, combined with Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", the Yuan Dynasty "Three Kingdoms", and Pei Songzhi's note of the historical data, as well as the author's personal realization of the life of the community written. The earliest copy of the book seen now is the Ming Jiajing copy, which is divided into 24 volumes and 240 rules. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and his son made some modifications and it became the most common 120-volume version.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is China's first full-length chapter book.

3. The emergence of Journey to the West opened up a new genre of long chapter books about gods and demons. The book's skillful combination of good-natured ridicule, bitter satire and serious criticism directly influenced the development of satirical novels. So it is said that "Journey to the West" is the peak of ancient long romantic novels, in the history of world literature, it is also a masterpiece of romanticism, the pioneer of magic realism pioneer.

The Journey to the West has been widely circulated in the folklore since its inception, and various versions have emerged in an endless stream, there are six types of Ming Dynasty publications, seven types of Qing Dynasty publications and copies, and thirteen anonymous versions of the canonical records. After the Opium War, a large number of Chinese classical literature was translated into Western languages, "Journey to the West" gradually spread to Europe and the United States.

Translated into English, French, German, Italian, Western, sign language, world (Esperanto), S (Swahili), Russia, Czech, Luo, Poland, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and other languages. Chinese and foreign scholars have published a number of research papers and monographs, which have made a very high evaluation of this novel.

4. A Dream of Red Mansions comprehensively and profoundly reflects the characteristics of the era of the decline of feudal society. What it depicts is not the love story of "the cave and the candles, the golden list"; but the love and marriage tragedy between Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, and Xue Baochai, the young people of the feudal aristocracy.

The great social significance of the novel lies in the fact that it does not depict this love tragedy in isolation, but takes this love and marriage tragedy as the center to write about the rise and fall of the four representative families of the time, namely, Jia, Wang, Shi, and Xue, which, centering on the Jia Mansion, exposes all kinds of darkness and evils in the late feudal society and its insurmountable inner contradictions.

The novel is a powerful critique of the corrupt feudal ruling class and the collapsing feudal system, making the reader anticipate its inevitable destiny. At the same time, the novel also expresses a new and hazy ideal through the glorification of the aristocratic rebels.

View all 10 responses

Wholesale goods on the download 1688, big factory direct supply, directly hit the cost price, the price can be so cheap!

Download Now

1688

Advertising

Related Issues All

Brief biography of the authors of the four great masterpieces as well as a brief description of their contents

1, Romance of the Three Kingdoms Full name: "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Author: Luo Guanzhong (ca. 1330 - ca. 1400), the name of the book, the talent, the word Guanzhong. Luo Guanzhong (ca. 1330 - ca. 1400), name Ben, Cai Ben, character Guanzhong, number Hukai Sanren. Luo Guanzhong was born in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Luo Guanzhong was born at the end of the Yuan Dynasty at a time of social upheaval. He had his own political ideals, did not agree with the common people, and participated in the uprising against the Yuan Dynasty. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong devoted himself to literary creation. Description: Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with the uprising of the Yellow Turbans and ends with the destruction of Wu and the opening of the Jin Dynasty by Sima, focusing on war, reflecting the political and military struggles among the three political groups of Wei, Shu Han, and Wu, and showing the nearly one hundred years of history from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, and successfully portraying a number of heroes of great power and influence. 2, Water Margin Author: Shi Nai-an (1296-1370), "Water Margin" is controversial as to who the author is, the most widely recognized statement that the author is Shi Nai-an. There are several other historical opinions, including Luo Guanzhong's theory, Shi Hui's theory, Guo Xun's theory, and Songren's theory. The Water Margin is the first novel in Chinese history to be written in the vernacular language to glorify the peasant revolt. Taking the uprising led by Song Jiang as its main theme, the novel exposes the decadence and brutality of the ruling class at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty through a series of vivid stories about the heroes of the Liangshan Mountain who fought against oppression and heroism, as well as the sharp social contradictions and "official oppression of the people". It exposes the sharp social contradictions and the cruel reality of "the government is forcing the people to rebel". 3, Journey to the West Author: Wu Cheng'en (1501-1582), the word Ruzhong, the name of Shiyang Shanren. He was an outstanding novelist in the Ming Dynasty of China. He was born in a family of scholar-officials reduced to merchants, and his family was poor. Wu Chengen was smart since childhood, "Huai'an Fu Zhi" in his "sensitive and more intelligent, Boji group of books, for the text of the pen into." But he was unfavorable to the examination, to the middle age only to make up for the "yearly tribute student", and then living in Nanjing, long-term rely on selling literature to subsidize the family. In his later years, because of the poverty of his family, he became the county minister of Changxing, because he was not accustomed to the darkness of the officialdom, and soon resigned from the officialdom, and died of poverty and old age. Journey to the West" author there is also some controversy, but is now generally recognized as the author of Wu Chengen. Brief introduction: "Journey to the West" the first seven recounts the birth of the Monkey King, there is a big mess in the Palace of Heaven and other stories. After that, the Monkey King accompanies the Tang Monk to seek scriptures in the West, and along the way, he gets rid of demons and overcomes difficulties. In the book, the Tang Monk, the Monkey King, Pigsy, Monk Sha and other images vividly portrayed, the scale is grand, the structure is complete, and "Journey to the West" is rich in Buddhist colors, its implied meaning is very far-reaching, and there are many opinions, see the wisdom of the people. It can be appreciated from many perspectives, such as Buddhist, Taoist and popular, and is a great romantic literary work in Chinese classical fiction. Journey to the West was banned when it first appeared in the Ming Dynasty because it was full of Buddhist and Taoist ideas, which conflicted with the Taoist ideology practiced by the Ming emperors at the time. 4, Dream of the Red Chamber Original name: "The Book of Stones", "The Twelve Hairpins of the Golden Hairpin", "The Treasure of the Wind and the Moon" and so on. Author: Cao Xueqin (ca. 1715-ca. 1763), name Zhan, character Meng Ruan, number Xueqin, also known as Celestial Stream, Celestial Garden. He was a novelist, poet, and painter in the Qing Dynasty. Cao Xueqin's early years in Nanjing, Jiangning Weaving House experienced a period of brocade clothing playboy, rich and elegant life. To the Yongzheng six years (1728), Cao's family because of the shortfall in the crime of being copied, Cao Xueqin with his family moved back to the old house in Beijing. Later, he moved to the western suburbs of Beijing, where he earned his living by selling paintings and calligraphy and receiving relief from friends. Cao Xueqin had a liberal nature and a wide range of hobbies, including goldsmithing, poetry and calligraphy, painting, gardening, traditional Chinese medicine, weaving and mending, craftsmanship, and food. After years of hard work and perseverance, he finally created a great work of thought and art, Dream of the Red Chamber. Gao Osprey (1758 - about 1815), the word Yunshi, No. Qiufu, alias Lanshu, Xingyi, Red Chamber Foreign History. Chinese classical novel "Dream of Red Mansions" in the history of publication, dissemination of the history of the first engraved and printed, full Bibi Ben - Cheng Gao Ben, one of the two main editors, organizers, publishers, the Qing dynasty, the Han dynasty, jianghuang Banner, the Household people, originating in Shenyang Sandaizi, but also self-signed Tieling Gao Ouija, Fengyingtian Gao Ouija. His ancestors lived in Beijing in the early Qing Dynasty. Gao Osprey in the 53rd year of the Qianlong (1788) in the examination, the 60th year of the Qianlong (1795) and the first degree, successive officials in the Cabinet of the Chinese book, the Han army in the book, the Cabinet, the Cabinet, the Cabinet of the readers, the Jiangnan Road supervision of the imperial inspector, the Ministry of Criminal Affairs and other positions. His works, such as The Remains of Yue Xiaoshanfang (The Remains of Yue Xiaoshanfang) and Yanshiang yi - basket storage grass, have been handed down to the world. From 1791 to 1792, Gao Osprey was invited by his friend Cheng Weiyuan to assist in editing, organizing and publishing the Cheng A and Cheng B versions of Dream of the Red Chamber. Since Hu Shih's testimony, the red scholarly community has long believed that the last forty episodes of Dream of Red Mansions were renewed by Gao Osprey. In the 21st century, this claim has been criticized more and more strongly. Since 2007, the People's Literature Publishing House, the new edition of the whole "Dream of Red Mansions" to stop using "Gao Osprey," "Gao Osprey renewed" and other words, updated to "Anonymous renewed, Cheng Weiyuan, Gao Osprey finishing! ", marking the "Gao Osprey book said" shaken. Red scholar Yu Pingbo dying words: "Cheng Weiyuan, Gao Osprey is the preservation of the Dream of the Red Chamber, have merit! Zhang Qingshan, president of the Red Society of China, pointed out that: "Gao Osprey should not be" Dream of Red Mansions "renewal of the author, he should be" Dream of Red Mansions "the final publication of the organizer ......" Dream of Red Mansions "to be able to circulate, Gao Osprey is the first merit." Synopsis: Dream of the Red Chamber is a chapter-length novel. Early only the first eighty transcripts circulated, after eighty partially unfinished and the original manuscript is lost. The original name of the Li-Yan-Zhai re-assessment of the book of stone. Cheng Weiyuan invited Gao Osprey to collaborate in the collation and publication of the full version of the hundred and twenty times, named Dream of the Red Chamber. There is also a version of the Golden Jade Edge. Dream of Red Mansions" is about the people and things that happened in a feudal family of a fictional dynasty, in which the main line is the emotional entanglement between Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai, and through the description of some daily events reflects the love and hate in the Grand View Garden of the Jia residence to the twelve hairpins of the Golden Hairpin as the main body of the women's love, hate and sadness. At the same time, the sub-line from the rich and magnificent Jiafu to the decline and decay reflects the decline of a big family and the ugly inner of this seemingly gorgeous family.

Expanded Information:

. strong>

1, Water Margin Background: In the Southern Song Dynasty, the story of the heroes of Liangshan Mountain was widely circulated. At the time of the painter, writer Gong Kai's "Song Jiang 36 people and preface," said: Song Jiang and other 36 people's stories have been all over the streets and alleys; painters also pen for their graphic drawings and shadows. The earliest blueprint of Water Margin is the Song's Xuanhe Remains, which depicts Yang Zhi's selling of swords, Chao Gai's gang robbing the Shengchen Gang, and Song Jiang's killing of Yan Baoshi. Lin Chong, Li Kui, Wu Song, Lu Zhishen and other major characters are also depicted. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, there were also a number of plays based on the Water Margin story. In Yuan miscellaneous dramas, the number of Liangshan heroes had grown from 36 to 108. Shi Nai-an put the story about the water margin and the characters to organize and process, in the process of creating the "water margin", faithfully accept the people's point of view. 2, Three Kingdoms Romance Background: the end of the Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, the sharp social contradictions, the peasants revolt, the group of heroes, after many years of war, Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated the group of heroes, overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty, the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. During this period, people were displaced from their homes. Luo Guanzhong, as a writer of miscellaneous dramas and drama books, lived at the bottom of the society, understood and was familiar with the people's hardships, and expected the society to be stable and the people to live in peace and work in contentment. Thinking as an intellectual of the lower class, he hoped to put an end to the tragic situation caused by the turmoil. Thus on the history of the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty created the historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". 3, Journey to the West Background: Tang Taizong Zhenguan first year (627 years), 25-year-old monk Xuanzang Tianzhu (India) traveled on foot. He set off from Chang'an, through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, through all the difficulties and obstacles, and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years and was acclaimed as the chief lecturer at a large debate on Buddhist scriptures. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang'an. He brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, a sensation. Later, Xuanzang oral account of the westward journey, by the disciple of the defense of the record into the "Great Tang Western Regions" twelve volumes. But this book is mainly about the road to see the history of the countries, geography and transportation, there is no story. And to his disciples Hui Li, Yen-Teng wrote the "Datang Da Ci'en Temple Sanzang Venerable Master Biography", for the experience of Xuanzang added a lot of mythological color. From then on, the story of the Tang monk's quest for scriptures began to be widely circulated in Chinese folklore. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was the Poetry Story of the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty fetching scriptures; in the Jin Dynasty, there were the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty and the Peach Party; in the Yuan Dynasty, there were the Tang Sanzang fetching scriptures in the West by Wu Changling, and the Erlang Shen locking up the Qi Da Sheng by Anonymous, which laid the foundation for the creation of Journey to the West. It was also on the basis of Chinese folklore and the books and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed this great literary masterpiece through painstaking re-creation. The author of Journey to the West, a Ming dynasty man named Wu Cheng'en (disputed), lived in the mid- to late-Ming dynasty, during the five periods of Emperor Xiaozong Hongzhi, Emperor Wuzong Zhengde, Emperor Shizong Jiajing, Emperor Muzong Longqing, and Emperor Shenzong Wanli. The social situation in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the founding of the country is very different, political class conflicts, ethnic conflicts, and internal conflicts within the ruling class is intensifying, and increasingly acute; ideological and cultural enlightenment, the rise of human liberation of the rising tide of thought, the increasingly vigorous development of civic literature, novels and operas into a period of full prosperity and flourishing, the economy has produced the bud of capitalism. 4, Dream of the Red Chamber Background: "Dream of the Red Chamber" was born in the 18th century at the end of China's feudal society, when the Qing government to implement the closed-door lockdown, the whole country intoxicated in the Kang Qian Dynasty, the heavenly kingdom of the ecstasy. From the surface of this period, it seems to be peaceful, but in the bones of all kinds of social conflicts are intensifying the development of the whole dynasty has reached the turning point of the decline of the prosperity of the dynasty. In the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, Cao's grandparents and grandchildren of four people total **** did 58 years of Jiangning Weaving. When the Cao family was in its prime, it had done four times to receive the broad difference. Cao Xueqin grew up in Nanjing, his youth experienced a period of wealth and prosperity of the aristocratic life. But then the family declined, and in the sixth year of the Yongzheng reign (1728), Cao Xueqin's family moved back to Beijing when he was confiscated for the crime of defalcation. After returning to Beijing, he worked as an errand boy in charge of literature and ink in a royal school, "Right Wing Zongxue", and was in a desperate situation and had a difficult life. In his later years moved to the western suburbs of Beijing, life is even poorer, "full of artemisia", "the family gruel wine often on credit. A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in the midst of poverty after he went bankrupt and lost his family. It was written in the early years of the Qianlong reign and lasted until the 30th year of the Qianlong reign. Dream of Red Mansions" opened the first volume of the first paragraph "author of the cloud" is Cao Xueqin's preface. In this preface, Cao Xueqin appears in his true identity and tells the reader about the origin of his writing. According to his own account, he relied on his own early years in Nanjing to experience the prosperity of the old dream and write this book. Because of the exile in the western suburbs of Beijing, nothing, nothing, suddenly recalled all the girls in the family when I was young. I felt that their insight and talent far exceeded my own, and I couldn't help but feel y remorseful. Ancestors nine deaths to create this family business, their own body in the blessing, but do not do their work, do not listen to the parents and teachers of the discipline, so that when they grow up a skill is not accomplished, half a life of scribbling. Cao Xueqin will be this experience and repentance into a novel, is to tell the reader, although their own sins can not be exempted, but those girls are real people in life. In order to cover up their own crimes, their deeds should not be forgotten. Once you think of this, your heart will be fluttering, and all the difficulties will not be a problem. What's more, the countryside life is leisurely and comfortable, pleasant scenery, more so that he thought like a spring, the pen like God. Cao Xueqin modestly shallow, had to use the vernacular to write this novel, intended for those girls biography, to dispel their own boredom, but also for the readers to play and enjoy the analysis. Baidu Encyclopedia - The Four Great Masterpieces

200 Browse43192019-10-11

The four great masterpieces of each of the content of the introduction to the 50 words

1, the Water Margin author: Shi Nai-an (1296-1370), the author of the Water Margin is controversial, and is currently the most widely recognized that the author is Shi Nai-an (1296-1370), the Water Margin author. It is believed that the author is Shi Nai-an. The story of Water Margin originated during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the story of 36 people, including Song Jiang, Wu Jialiang (Wu Yu), and Chao Gai, who rebelled against the government, was described in the playbook Xuanhe Remains of the Great Song Dynasty, which became the blueprint for Water Margin. 2. Author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Luo Guanzhong (ca. 1330 - ca. 1400), name Ben, Cai Ben, character Guanzhong, number Hukai Sanren. He was a writer at the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and a playwright. The story of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" begins with the uprising of the Yellow Turbans and ends with the destruction of Wu and the opening of the Jin Dynasty by Sima, focusing on the war, reflecting the political and military struggles among the three political groups of Wei, Shu Han, and Wu, and showing the nearly one hundred years of history from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, and successfully portraying a number of powerful heroes and heroines. 3, "Journey to the West" author: Wu Chengen (1501-1582), the word Ruzhong, the name of the Shiyang mountain people. Journey to the West, the first seven narrated the birth of the Monkey King, there is a big mess in the Palace of Heaven and other stories. Thereafter, he wrote the story of the Monkey King's journey to the West with the Tang Monk, and along the way, he got rid of the demons and overcame the difficulties. 4、Author of Dream of Red Mansions: Cao Xueqin (ca. 1715-ca. 1763), name Zhan, character Meng Ruan, number Xueqin, also known as celery stream, celery garden. Dream of the Red Chamber is a chapter-length novel. In the early days, only the first eighty times of the transcripts circulated, after eighty times partially unfinished and the original manuscript is lost. Expanded information on the status of the four masterpieces: the four masterpieces inherited the essence of countless cultures, in the vastness of the field of classical novels such as the four standing mountains, how the sea and the changing world, its great stature has never been annihilated. Whether in artistic techniques or in the depth of thinking, they represent the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels, and are a brilliant and glorious part of the long history of Chinese literature. Studying the four great masterpieces provides an opportunity to experience traditional Chinese humanities, society, ethics, history, geography, folklore, psychology, and strategies of dealing with affairs, and at the same time, it allows people to have a deeper understanding of their own people and culture.

References:

. strong>

Baidu Encyclopedia - The Four Great Masterpieces

65 Views62192019-10-07

The Four Great Masterpieces of China Main Contents

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the pioneering work of the long chapter book novels in ancient China. The story of the Three Kingdoms was quite popular among the ancient folk in China. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, it was put on the stage, and the repertoire of the Three Kingdoms performed by Jin and Yuan amounted to more than 30 kinds of plays. During the reign of Yuan Dynasty, there appeared the "Full-phase Three Kingdoms Story" published by Xin'an Yu. Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty synthesized folklore and opera, the book, combined with Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" and Pei Songzhi's note of the historical data, according to his personal insights into the social life, created the "Three Kingdoms Popular Romance", the earliest surviving copy of the book is the Ming Jiajing year of the publication of the engraving, commonly known as the "Jiajing book", the book 24 volumes. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Lun Mao Zonggang's father and son corrected the historical facts, added and deleted words, and revised it into the 120-volume version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms that is in use today. Luo Guanzhong between 1330 and 1400, the name of this, the name of the Lake and Sea Scatterer, the Ming Dynasty popular novelists. His place of origin is said to be Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Qiantang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, which cannot be confirmed. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong had served as the late Yuan peasant insurgents Zhang Shicheng's guests. In addition to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he also created "Sui and Tang Zhi Zhuan" and other popular novels and "Zhao Taizu Longhu Fengyunhui" and other plays. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts the history of nearly one hundred years between the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggles of the Three Kingdoms era, the penetration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms era, summarizes the historical changes of the era, and portrays a number of powerful and heroic characters. In his grasp of the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author shows a clear tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao Cao, taking Liu Bei's group as the center of his depiction, praising the main characters of Liu Bei's group, and exposing Cao Cao with all his might. Today we should have a dialectical understanding of the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao Cao is the main tendency of folklore, and in Luo Guanzhong's time it implied the people's hope for the revival of the Han race. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts nearly 200 characters, the most successful of whom are Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, and Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of the author's "virtuous minister", who has the high moral character of "bowing down and exhausting himself until his death", the ambition to help the people in the near future and recreate a peaceful world, and the author also gives him the strange ability to call the wind and rain, and to make miraculous calculations. Cao Cao is a treacherous man, he lives by the creed "I would rather teach me to lose the world, not teach the world to lose me", both ambitious, but also brutal and treacherous, is a political ambitious conspirator which is not to be confused with the real Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu was "fierce and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his righteousness is premised on personal grudges, not the righteousness of the nation. Liu Bei is portrayed by the author as a benevolent ruler who loves the people and loves the things, regards the wise and knows the people well. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts wars of all sizes, with grandiose ideas and diverse techniques, enabling us to clearly see a battle scene of bloodshed. Among them, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Red Cliff and other wars are depicted with ups and downs, ups and downs and jumps, which are thrilling to read. The whole book is not very deep, the words are not very vulgar, concise and clear, full of momentum, lively and vivid. Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has brought about a boom in the creation of historical novels in China, and a series of characters portrayed in it have become household names and well known to women in China. The three kingdoms yanyi has many versions, mainly: Ming Hongzhi engraved "three kingdoms popular yanyi", the text is simple, the content is easy; "three kingdoms yanyi", Qing Mao Zonggang add and delete commentary, about the book in the early years of the Kangxi period, the book in the community is most widely circulated. People's Literature Publishing House reprinted and published many times. Dream of Red Mansions Dream of Red Mansions is the peak of ancient Chinese novels. The whole book is 120 times, the first 80 times is made by Cao Xueqin, the last 40 times is said to be renewed by Gao Osprey. Xueqin 1715? a 1763? name Zhan, the word Meng Ruan, the number Xueqin, also known as the celery stream dweller. He was a great novelist of the Qing Dynasty. Ancestral home is said to be Hebei Fengrun, Liaoning Liaoyang. After the Qing Dynasty, he was enrolled in the Household Office of the Zhengbai Banner. From his great-grandfather to his father, his family inherited Jiangning Weavers. When he was young, his family was very powerful and distinguished. Later, his father was convicted of a crime, the property was confiscated, the family declined. Cao's family moved from the south to the north, and after middle age, he lived in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, where his family lived in poverty, and lived a life of "porridge for the whole family". Cao Xueqin was a multi-talented poet and painter with a penchant for wine and conversation and an arrogant personality. The Dream of the Red Chamber" was written 80 times, due to poverty and illness, coupled with the death of his son, died with hatred, so that the "Dream of the Red Chamber" has become an unfinished work. Dream of Red Mansions, also known as The Book of Stones and The Edge of Gold and Jade, depicts a series of love stories of young men and women inside and outside the Grand View Garden against the backdrop of the four great families of Jia, Wang, Shi, and Xue, with the love story of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main thread, centering on the emotional entanglements of the two main characters. At the same time, through the depiction of the social environment in which these love tragedies arose, it involves the political and legal, patriarchal, women's, moral and marital aspects of feudal society, signifies the world situation at the end of feudal society, exposes the decadence and evils of the feudal aristocracy and its rule, glorifies the rebellious characters who pursue the light, and proclaims the inevitable demise of the society through the tragic destiny of the rebels. It can be said that Dream of the Red Chamber is an encyclopedia of social life in the late feudal society of China. Dream of Red Mansions portrays vivid characters such as Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. Baoyu always stood outside the feudalism spirit and morality, he regarded the career as a Locke, should be rewarded for the words as a tool for fame and reputation, regarded the reading of sages as a fear of the road, not only has a strong noble duchess dandy habits, but also has the anti-feudal rebelliousness. He respected women, respect for individuality, the pursuit of freedom, is an aristocratic family and even the feudal system of the rebellious typical; Daiyu is an ice-clean, lonely, sentimental noble lady, she regarded love as her life, but her love is not allowed to be in the aristocratic family and destroyed; Baochai is a compliance with women's morals, abide by the rules of the feudal lady, she is also a victim of the feudal system. Dream of the Red Chamber" breaks through the traditional way of taking materials and conceptualization, and highly condenses the society within the family as a whole, and the Jia House is actually a microcosm of the whole society. Dream of Red Mansions" writing skills reached the point of perfection, the characters depicted are lifelike, distinctive, with multiple personalities, breaking the previous novels to write the characteristics of typecasting, the author's main techniques for shaping the character image are: in the broad social background, with the work of carving, shaping the different characters; attention to the personalization of the characters, psychological descriptions of specific and succinct; the characters in a specific artistic atmosphere, to enhance the character of the family, and to create an artistic atmosphere. The Dream of the Red Chamber draws on the Chinese tradition of "the Dream of the Red Chamber" and the Chinese culture of "the Dream of the Red Chamber". Dream of Red Mansions" absorbs the nutrition of Chinese classical literature language, and refines the popular language, melting into an accurate, refined, pure, evocative and elegant language. The plot arrangement of Dream of the Red Chamber is clear, an organic whole; its structure is not only interconnected, crisscrossing, but also clear and organized, like life itself, without artificial axe marks. The Dream of the Red Chamber" seems to be the ordinary trivialities of life, but it is able to see the big picture in a small way, and reflect the essence of life, with rich and profound social significance. After the release of Dream of the Red Chamber, with its profound ideological meaning and exquisite artistic charm, shocked the hearts of readers from generation to generation, produced a huge impact across time and space, and formed a powerful "red science" in the field of academic research. After more than two hundred years of wind and rain, "red science" is not only not declining, but more prosperous, which is sufficient to show that "Dream of Red Mansions" has the artistic value. The version of Dream of Red Mansions has two systems, one is only circulated 80 times of the fat comment copy system; one is Cheng Weiyuan Gao Osprey collation of the 120 times of the printing system. 1982 People's Literature Publishing House published the Dream of Red Mansions 120 times of the proofreading and annotation of the book, is a more perfect new readings. Water Margin The Water Margin is the first full-length novel in Chinese history to depict a peasant uprising. The story of Water Margin has long been recited in folklore. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang's "Dongdu Matters Strategy" and other books have been sporadic records. The end of the Song Dynasty, Gong Sheng and the survivors of the Song Jiang thirty-six praises; Anonymous' "Song Xuanhe Remains" recounts the deeds of Song Jiang and others. Yuan dynasty has 25 kinds of water margin theme of the play, water margin story passed to the end of the yuan roughly formed the scale of today's "water margin". The author of Water Margin is generally believed to be Shi Nai-an (施耐庵), who lived during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Shi Nai-an was a famous novelist of the early Ming Dynasty, who was 35 years old. He was a famous novelist in the early Ming Dynasty, and at the age of 35, he was awarded a Bachelor's Degree, but later abandoned his official position and retired to his hometown to engage in creative writing. Legend has it that he was associated with the peasant revolt at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Water Margin" takes the occurrence and development process of peasant uprising as the main line, through the different experiences of each hero being forced to Liangshan, it depicts the whole process of their awakening from individual to small-scale joint resistance, and then to the development of a grand peasant uprising team, which expresses the inevitable law of peasant uprising in the feudal era of "the government forces the people to rebel", and portrays the image of the group of peasant uprising leaders, and also portrays the role of the "peasant rebellion". The whole process of the peasants' revolt, from the small-scale joint revolt to the grand revolt, shows the inevitable law of peasant revolt in the feudal era, and shapes the image of the group of peasant revolt leaders. Standing on the side of the oppressed, the author praises the righteous behavior of the leaders of the peasants' revolt in robbing the rich to help the poor and eliminating the violence, and affirms their revolutionary spirit of daring to rebel and fight. Song Jiang was a righteous man who helped the poor and the needy, and when he was forced to go to Liangshan, he "acted on behalf of heaven", strengthened the prestige of the insurgent army, and achieved a series of victories. However, due to the duality of his character and the limitations of his thoughts, he chose to compromise and recruited peace when the cause of the uprising reached its peak, and finally buried the cause of the uprising. Through the failure of Song Jiang's uprising, the novel objectively summarizes the lessons of the failure of peasant revolts in the feudal era. The novel begins with the story of Gao Ziang's rise to power, which is meant to show that "chaos comes from above", and that Gao Ziang is the representative figure of the feudal ruling group. The author also writes about a large number of corrupt officials and local bullies, it is they who work together and fish for the people, forcing the kind and upright people to take risks and rise up against them. The novel has profoundly unearthed the deep-rooted causes of peasant revolts in feudal times. The structure of Water Margin is unique in that it starts with a single hero story, and at the end of the last character's story, another character is brought out by the conversion of events and scenes, and the next story begins with the events of life. It's like a ring, interlocking and interlocking. Among them, there are also some self-contained paragraphs of the story, focusing on the performance of a number of heroes and heroes, the wisdom to take the Shengchen Gang and the three fights Zhu Jiazhuang and so on that is its example. One by one, small stories like a trickle of water flowing into the Yangtze River, and finally converged into a torrent, converged into a powerful heroes gathered. The Water Margin has successfully portrayed Song Jiang, Wu Song, Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen, Li Kui and other characters. The author is good at putting the characters in the real historical environment, close to the character identity and experience delineation of character; good at putting the characters in the acute struggle of life and death to describe the character, but also good at using the method of comparison, contrast to highlight the character. Water Margin" does not have the slightest bit of fat and flavor, it has a bold and rugged masculine beauty and sublime beauty. This aesthetic style has a certain influence on the later heroic saga novels. The influence of Water Margin on later generations is not limited to the scope of literature. Over the centuries, Water Margin was widely circulated among the people and directly promoted the people's resistance movement. The Water Margin had a greater influence on later novels and dramas, and to this day the Water Margin stories are still an important part of the theater repertoire. The Water Margin has the distinction between traditional and simple books. This paper is a simple and simple thing, this paper is a simple and simple thing. The end of the Ming Wanli Yang Ding see to take the simple version of the levy Tianhu Wang Qing thing to embellish, and the traditional version of the synthesis of 120 back to this. Jin Shengqian of the Qing Dynasty took the first 71 pages of the traditional version of the book to be embellished and changed, and the first page of the book was made into a wedge, which became 70 pages of the book. China Book Bureau, Shanghai, edited by the editing of the "Water Margin" is suitable for general readers; People's Literature Publishing House, "Water Margin" repertoire suitable for literary researchers.

158 Views291282018-04-07

Introduction to the Four Great Masterpieces

120 Views1268932019-11-14

Introduction to the Four Great Masterpieces Contents

[Edit Paragraph] Romance of the Three Kingdoms Author: (Late Yuan and Early Ming) Luo Guanzhong Full name: Three Kingdoms Zhi Popular Romance Number of times:**** One hundred and twenty times Introduction: Based on Chen Shou "Three Kingdoms", as well as Fan Ye "Hou Han Shu", the Yuan dynasty "Three Kingdoms Zhi Pingtan" and some folklore written. The earliest copy of the book seen in print is the Ming Jiajing edition, which is divided into 24 volumes and 240 rules. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang made some modifications, and it became the 12-volume version that is now in use

.