Is there a way to transport coal from the north to the south by sea, and can you mention a few more ways to transport resources from the north, south, west, and east, what are each of them? Multiple c

Is there a way to transport coal from the north to the south by sea, and can you mention a few more ways to transport resources from the north, south, west, and east, what are each of them? Multiple choice questions with, thank you. Coal in China's primary energy consumption occupies a considerable proportion. China's coal reserves and production are mainly concentrated in the north, especially in the "three western" region (Shanxi, Shaanxi, western Inner Mongolia), while the center of gravity of coal consumption in the east and south central region, thus forming a "northern coal transportation, western coal east transfer" pattern. "Three West" coal transportation mainly relies on railroads, with China's strong demand for electricity so that the "three West" coal transportation continued to grow rapidly, especially since the end of 2003, the country's electricity consumption continues to rise, the major power plant coal stocks frequently emergency. "Three West" coal transportation tensions continue to intensify, resulting in the original weak railroad coal transportation corridor is still a bottleneck restricting the development of energy and even the national economy. At the same time, "three western" coal transportation railroad channel is not smooth, not only to the national economic development and people's lives caused by the negative impact, but also to the other modes of transportation has brought great pressure, resulting in serious highway congestion, water transport serious pressure on the port, logistics cost surge.

Improving the layout of the "Three Wests" coal transportation railroad network and easing the tension of coal transportation in the north has become a major issue that needs to be resolved urgently. National Development and Reform Commission Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute Dong Yan researcher was involved in the north of the coal transportation system planning issues, this reporter recently on the new coal transportation corridor planning and research issues related to his interview.

"Three West" coal transportation corridor status

Reporter: as the main corridor of the north coal transportation, "three west" coal transportation corridor status?

Dong Yan: "Three West" region (Shanxi, Shaanxi, western Inner Mongolia) coal proved reserves of more than 550.1 billion tons, accounting for 55% of the country's coal proved reserves, is China's important coal producing areas and coal supply and export base. China's 13 large coal production bases, Jinbei, Jinzhong, Jindong, Shendong, Shaanxi, Huanglong and Ningdong and other 7 in the "three western" region. "Three West" region is China's main coal transfer area, the production of coal in addition to the region's consumption, about 2/3 of the supply of various coal shortages in the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), it is expected that in 2007, "three West" coal transfer volume of about 800 million tons. "Three West" coal transportation corridor is China's northern coal south, western coal east of the most important channel, by rail, highway, sea, river and other modes of transport **** with the composition: railroad transport by the north, in the south of the three major pathways; sea launching the main ports of Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Tianjin, Huanghua, Qingdao, Rizhao, Lianyungang, etc. ports, receiving and discharging ports are mainly in East China. The main ports of the sea transportation are Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Tianjin, Huanghua, Qingdao, Rizhao, Lianyungang, etc., and the ports of receiving and discharging are mainly ports along the coasts of East China and Central and South China; and the Yangtze River and Xuzhou-Nanjing Grand Canal also undertake a considerable amount of coal transportation.

Railway coal transportation channel status. At present, according to the "three west" coal production and consumption from west to east, from north to south of the flow direction, has formed by the Daqin Railway, Fenshadai Railway, Jingyuan Railway, set through the railroad, Shuo Huang Railway, ShiTai Railway, Hand Chang Railway, TaiJiao Railway, HouYue Railway, LongHai Railway, Xikang Railway, NingXi Railway and so on the 12 main line coal transportation corridor. Usually, according to the geographic location of these railroad corridors, coal sources and destination, it will be divided into "three west" coal outbound north, in the south of the three major access roads: north access road by the Daqin Railway, Fenshadai Railway, Jingyuan Railway, set through the railroad, the ShenShuohuang Railway; in the middle of the access road by the Shi-Tai Railway and Hand-Changing Railway; the south access by the Taijiao Railway, In 2006, the volume of coal railroad transported out of the "Three Wests" was 682 million tons, of which: 427 million tons were transported out of the North Passage Road, accounting for 62.61% of the total volume of railroad transport; 65 million tons were transported out of the Middle Passage Road, accounting for 9.53%; 19 million tons were transported out of the South Passage Road, accounting for 27.86%; and 19 million tons were transported out of the South Passage Road, accounting for 27.86%. 19,000 tons, accounting for 27.86%.

"Three West" coal transportation in the north through the road to power coal, mainly transporting Jinbei, Shaanxi and Shendong coal production bases to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, North China, East China and to Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Tianjin, Huanghua and other ports of the coal, is the "three West" coal It is the main transportation route for the coal of the "Three Wests". Zhongtong Road mainly transports coking coal and anthracite from the coal production bases of Jindong and Jinzhong to the eastern and central-southern regions of China, as well as to the port of Qingdao. The South Road mainly transports coking coal, fertilizer coal and anthracite coal from the coal production bases of Shanbei, Jinzhong, Shendong, Huanglong and Ningdong to the central and south China and east China as well as to the ports of Rizhao and Lianyungang.

"Three West" coal base is China's largest coal production, supply, North Road is the most important channel for its transportation. Correspondingly, the loading capacity of the northern coastal coal launching port is also highly concentrated in the four ports of Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Tangshan, Huanghua and other ports supporting the North Road channel, and the four ports completed a coal throughput of 343,616,700 tons in 2006, which accounted for 83.44% of the coal throughput of the northern ports. It is estimated that in the future for a long period of time, the North Road corridor of coal launching port will continue to bear more coal launching volume, the North Road outbound corridor is still "three western" coal base coal outbound transportation main channel.

Reporter: What problems still exist in the "three western" coal transportation channel?

Dong Yan: "three western" coal railroad transportation system in general mainly exists in the overall capacity of the access road is seriously insufficient, the overall layout of the channel is not reasonable enough, the front and rear of the collection and discharging system is not supporting, the management system restricts the allocation of capacity, the inability to take into account the passenger transportation and "white goods "The problems in the following two aspects are as follows. At present, the following two aspects of the problem is more prominent:

One is with the focus of coal development from Shanxi Province gradually to the western part of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi Province to transfer, bear the two provinces and regions of the main access to coal transportation, including the Beijing package, large quasi-Longhai three lines capacity long-term tension. Although after the completion of the Xikang line and the Ningxi line, the tight capacity of the outward transportation access road in Shaanxi Province has been alleviated to a certain extent, but at present the two lines are single lines, which are still unable to fully adapt to the substantial growth of coal demand in the eastern part of the country.

The second is that the contradiction of the long-term insufficient capacity of the middle access road Shitai line is continuously aggravated. Due to the North Road, South Road, respectively, Daqin, Shuo Huang and Houyue, Taijiao two major coal transport corridor, and in the middle of the road for a long time without the construction of new coal transport lines, the existing Han long line of lower standards, can not play its due role, the ShiTai line but also a large number of bear a large number of non-coal and passenger transportation, a considerable portion of the coal transport can only be diverted through the North Road and the South Road, increasing the cost of transportation.

Necessity of the construction of a new corridor for the transportation of northern coal

Reporter: You have repeatedly put forward on different occasions that the planning and construction of a new corridor for coal transportation should be carried out as soon as possible, and the necessity of the construction of a new corridor for coal transportation is manifested in what aspects?

Dong Yan: First of all, from the point of view of railroad coal transportation capacity allocation. According to research forecasts, in 2010 China's national coal production of about 2.7 billion tons, the national coal land transport volume of 2.174 billion tons, production and transportation ratio of 80.50%, of which 1.836 billion tons of rail transport volume, road transport volume of 338 million tons. Jin, Shaanxi, Mongolia and Ningxia coal transfer volume is expected to be 975 million tons, the northern coastal ports of coal once under the water volume of 521 million tons, of which Qinhuangdao and other seven major ports accounted for 505 million tons. Accordingly, the capacity of the railroad coal transportation corridor must also have a relatively large increase in order to meet the needs of the rail-water intermodal transportation.

How to increase capacity? Relying solely on the existing railroad expansion is difficult to achieve, must open up new channels. On the North Road to see, in 2006, the North Road in the Daqin Line 254 million tons of coal transported out of the North Road, accounting for 59.48% of the total amount of transported out of the North Road; Fengsha large line 42 million tons of transported out of the line, accounting for 9.84%; 13 million tons of transported out of the line of the original Beijing, accounting for 3.04%; set of the Tong Tong line out of the line of 6 million tons, accounting for 1.41%; Shuo Huang line out of the 112 million tons of transported out of the line, accounting for 26.23%. Among them, the Daqin line and Fengsha big line *** with a set of coal collection system, due to coal production base resources and production capacity constraints, the Daqin line to reach more than 200 million tons, will squeeze Fengsha big coal outbound, the actual total coal outbound growth is not much. Jingyuan line re-route or electrification transformation is technically very difficult, economically costly, and its outbound coal mainly from Xuangang and Xishan mine, the two mines after many years of mining, the remaining reserves can not meet the needs of large-scale production. At the same time, Xishan mining area is also the ShiTai line and HouYue line outbound coal supply, such as Beijing original line expansion, large-scale increase in the amount of coal outbound, will inevitably affect the DaQin, FengShaDa, ShiTai and HouYue and other lines of coal set transportation. Set through the line of coal transportation mainly rely on the Great Bao line, and the Great Bao line is the Great Qin line and Fungsha big line of coal collection and transportation line. Under the situation that the capacity of Daqin Line is constantly expanding and the volume of external transportation of Fengsha Line is constantly decreasing, the coal transported by Dabao Line cannot guarantee the supply of Jitong Line at all. On the other hand, with the gradual depletion of coal resources in the Northeast, Jilin and Liaoning and other places in the coal supply in addition to relying on lignite in the east of Mongolia, but also rely mainly on the Jitong line and the Shenshan line to transport the "three west" of the coal. The coal transported by the Jitong Line and Shenshan Line should mainly ensure the supply of the northeast region, and should not be transferred to the southern coastal areas. As a result, the capacity of the Jitong Line can not be expanded to solve the problem of southward transportation of coal from the north. Therefore, envisioning the future of the North Passage Road outbound coal transportation to reach 800 million tons, is not realistic.

Secondly, the Daqin Railway expansion problems. As a design capacity of 100 million tons of coal transportation line, the Daqin Railway in recent years through the expansion and transformation, year after year to create a new record: in 2004, the volume of transport exceeded 150 million tons in 2005 exceeded 200 million tons in 2006 exceeded 250 million tons for the effective alleviation of China's coal, electricity and oil transportation tensions have played a positive role. At present, Daqin Railway runs 34.6 trains of 10,000 tons per day and 15 trains of 20,000 tons per day.

Expansion of more than 200 million tons of the main problems include: First, the capacity problem. Beijing Jiaotong University Professor Hu Siji study that: when the capacity of the Daqin Railway to reach more than 300 million tons, must reduce the maintenance window time; when the capacity to reach more than 370 million tons, the train tracking time must be reduced to less than 15 minutes, the train operating speed at least increased to 80 kilometers per hour. It is economically uneconomical to increase train speed under heavy load conditions, and it has never been done in the world. The second is the problem of coal resources. The coal transported by the Daqin Railway mainly comes from Datong and Pingshuo mining areas. Datong and Pingshuo coal resources after years of mining, the current reserves have been very limited, only to maintain the existing level of production, the center of gravity of the coal source of the Daqin Railway had to shift to the west to Junggar, Dongsheng area, Daqin line of the existing coal transportation system has been completely unable to adapt to the large-scale reconstruction and expansion must be carried out. Third, the coal transportation problem. Daqin line and Fengsha big line *** with a set of coal transportation system, due to the coal production base resources and production capacity limitations, Daqin line to reach more than 200 million tons, will squeeze Fengsha big coal transportation, the actual total amount of coal transportation growth and not much. At the same time there is the problem of transportation routes. Fourth, the problem of coal transportation. At present, the Tianjin port launching coal mainly rely on fengsha big line supply, due to the big qin line crowded fengsha big line of coal transportation, big qin line currently have to Beijing hub to jingshan line diversion of coal, increase the pressure of Beijing hub. If the volume of coal transported by Daqin Line reaches more than 300 million tons, the lack of capacity of Beijing Hub will lead to the amount of coal discharged from Tianjin Port will be affected. Fifth, the coal transportation risk problem. At present, the coal capacity of the Daqin Railway accounts for 37.24% of the total coal transportation capacity of the "Three West" coal transportation railroad. From the coal capacity layout, this is neither safe nor reasonable. Coal is one of China's most important strategic materials, not to mention the Daqin Railway to complete the 400 million tons of coal capacity from the technical aspects of whether it can be relied upon, alone from the strategic considerations on the existence of a great risk. As the proverb "can not put all the eggs are put in a basket," said, we can not be involved in China's economic lifeblood of the "treasure" are pressed in the Daqin Railway, and there should be more than a few ability to regulate the coal transportation channel.

Third, to promote the reform of the railroad management system. Shenhua Group to finance the construction of the Shuo Huang Railway is to broaden the financing channels to encourage the construction of a successful model. In recent years, coal transportation tension, Shuo Huang Railway has played an important role in easing the tension of capacity. It is not difficult to imagine, if there is no Shuo Huang Railway, coal transportation will be in what kind of difficult situation. 2006, Shuo Huang Railway coal traffic has accounted for the "three western" coal transportation railroads total coal traffic 16.42%, and the capacity there is room for improvement. In 2004, the coal market price all the way up, Shuo Huang Railway has played an important role in suppressing the price of coal. 2006, Shuo Huang Railway Company transported coal delivery weight exceeded 111 million tons, for the sixth consecutive year to achieve the transport of coal delivery weight of 10 million tons of rapid growth. Although the Shuo Huang Railway in the capacity deployment of such and such problems, but this is largely due to the current railroad management dislocation caused.

According to the State Council approved the "medium and long-term railroad network planning", the next nearly 20 years, the construction of the railroad is very heavy, and the contradiction of the shortage of funds for railroad construction is particularly prominent. Recently, the Ministry of Railways is also actively planning to broaden financing channels. At present, there are a number of state-owned enterprises and private capital is willing to provide funds for the new coal transportation channel, why not? Encourage other capital to enter the railroad industry and the construction of new coal transportation corridors, is conducive to easing the tight coal capacity, but also conducive to the development of China's railroads. The construction of new coal transportation corridors can open up a new way for railroads to play a positive role in society and attract social capital. The new channel multiple joint venture construction and operation will accumulate experience for the Ministry of Railways to further deepen institutional reform, raise construction funds and introduce modern management.

Economic and social benefits of the construction of the new corridor of the northern coal transportation system

Reporter: What kind of ideas does the group put forward for the planning and construction of the new corridor of the coal transportation railroad? What economic and social benefits can the new corridor bring?

Dong Yan: Shenhua Group, Datang International and China Investment Corporation (CIC) have put forward different plans for the new railroad corridor for the transportation of coal from the north, and the representative ones are the north line plan represented by Shenhua Group and the south line plan represented by Datang International. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south line programs, from the layout of China's coal production and consumption, the layout of the railroad network and ports, as well as China's future development strategy considerations, the group put forward proposals for the planning and construction of the new coal transportation corridor. The new corridor line direction in the near future from the Baoshen line Batuta through Tiancheng, Xinghe to Zhangjiakou, Miyun Reservoir north, in Zunhua across the Daqin Railway and Beijing-Qinzhou Railway, in Tangshan across the Jingshan Railway is divided into two lines, one to the south to Caofeidian port, a southward to the port of Beijing-Tangshan. The western end of the railroad is extended to Yinchuan and Ningdong coal field in the long term. Initial construction mileage of about 800 kilometers, a total investment of about 30 billion yuan, the average cost per main line kilometer is about 37.5 million yuan.

The construction of the new coal transportation channel will have great economic and social benefits, mainly in the following aspects.

One is the benefit of reducing freight costs. At present, China's railroad transportation capacity continues to be tense, on the one hand, leading to capacity "rent-seeking phenomenon", increasing the intermediate costs; on the other hand, forcing a large number of coal transferred to the highway. This unreasonable mode of transportation not only increases the cost of users, but also ineffective consumption of social resources. The construction of the new coal transportation corridor will reduce the "rent-seeking phenomenon" of railroad capacity and the phenomenon of highway coal transportation, reduce the social transportation cost, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable. Relevant research calculations show that after the completion of the new channel, coal prices can be reduced by 20% to 25%.

The second is the benefit of saving transportation time. At present, the main ports in the north of the key program of coal in varying degrees of pressure ship phenomenon, which is both the coal price factors, but also the reason for capacity constraints. The construction and opening of the new coal transportation channel has obvious socio-economic benefits by reducing intermediate links in the coal transportation process, shortening the coal transportation time and accelerating the coal supply while easing the coal capacity tension.

Third is the benefit of coal transportation safety. In order to ensure the huge demand for coal in the national economy and social development, the railroad corridors undertaking the main tasks of coal transportation, such as the Daqin Railway, Shuo Huang Railway, Fengsha Da Railway, Jingyuan Railway and so on, are in overloaded operation, lack of capacity flexibility, and lack of leeway to cope with emergencies and disasters. Once the situation occurs in a certain transportation corridor, it will bring great negative impact to the national economy. The construction of new coal transportation corridors can greatly increase the safety of coal transportation.

Fourth is the benefit of improving the environment. The technical and economic characteristics of railroad transportation itself determine that the most economical and reasonable way of long-distance coal transfer is railroad transportation. At present, the railroad capacity is tight, and it is difficult to guarantee the supply of coal transportation in a timely and safe manner. In this case, highway transportation undertakes a large number of coal transportation tasks that should be undertaken by railroads. According to preliminary statistics, in 2006, about 350 million tons of coal were transported by road. Road transportation of coal on the one hand is to exchange gasoline for coal, and on the other hand, it also produces greater pollution to the ecological environment and atmospheric environment. The construction of the new coal transportation corridor will improve the coal transportation structure and produce huge environmental benefits.

Reporter: In addition to these direct economic and social benefits, what other indirect benefits will the new coal transportation railroad corridor bring?

Dong Yan: The construction of the new coal transportation corridor will have greater indirect benefits to the national economy and society, and its impact is more far-reaching than the above benefits.

First of all, the railroad is China's only government-enterprise sector, the current management and investment and financing system is difficult to adapt to the requirements of the "Medium and Long-term Railway Network Planning", the construction of new coal transportation corridor will be innovative in the management system and investment system, thus promoting the railroad industry management system and investment and financing system reform, and promote the railroad and even China's comprehensive transportation system development.

Secondly, the railroad is a basic industry, coal is China's economic and social development of the most important source of energy, coal transportation corridor in the development of the national economy is the most important, and its construction leads to the correlation effect and demonstration effect is very obvious. According to preliminary estimates, based on the current coal transportation situation, the construction of new coal transport corridors can make the southeastern coast of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong to save 300 billion to 400 billion yuan per year in socio-economic costs, if the other supporting funds, raw materials, labor, market demand and other factors of production are sufficient, will pull the region's GDP rose 1 to 1.5 percentage points per year.

Third, due to the current capacity constraints, railroad transportation to coal focus tilt, which is at the expense of "white goods" transportation development as a price. Construction of new coal transport corridor, not only can ease the transport pressure of the Daqin line, but also through shipping to ease the Longhai, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Guangzhou and Jiao Liu and other railroads, coal transport pressure, so that the railroad can focus on improving the container and the "white goods" capacity, not only is conducive to optimizing the layout of railroad capacity, but also to make the railroad due to the transport of high-value-added cargoes, and improve their economic efficiency.

Fourth, the railway can concentrate on increasing the capacity of container and "white goods".

Fourth, the highway in the province of short-distance distribution of coal is inevitable and reasonable. But in recent years, China's long-distance transport of coal by car across the province, the railroad transport capacity is insufficient helpless. 2005, the railroad coal export capacity has increased, coupled with the highway strictly overloaded, the car across the province to mobilize the phenomenon of coal has improved. To fundamentally solve this unreasonable transportation situation, must make the railroad coal transportation capacity to alleviate the situation completely. After the completion of the new coal transportation channel, to ensure the normal supply of China's coal market, will help to put an end to the road across the provinces and cities in large quantities of coal transportation unreasonable situation, improve the safety of China's road transport.

The demand for coal transportation will continue to grow rapidly for a considerable period of time, so the construction of new coal transportation corridors is very necessary and urgent. In order to alleviate the tension of coal transportation as soon as possible, it is recommended to speed up the research on the construction plan of the new coal transportation corridor, and strive to start the construction as soon as possible, and to form the capacity during the period of "11th Five-Year Plan".

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