What are the characteristics of realism?

Realism is not as retrospective as Renaissance, Classicism and Romanticism. It puts the basic point of artistic reflection in real life, even if it sometimes involves the past, it is only to set off reality. Realism is neither forward-looking nor backward. They believe that yesterday has passed, today is today, and there is no "tomorrow". When tomorrow comes, tomorrow becomes today. Therefore, depicting reality is regarded as the primary task of art. Capitalism is a society dominated by mass production, with factories and population concentrated in cities. Therefore, most of the themes of realism come from people's urban life, and it is not surprising that its reproduction contains "urbanity".

2. Pay attention to science

Modern capitalism started with science and used science to oppose the ignorance and mysticism of medieval religions. After gaining political power, he paid more attention to the development of science and opposed the nihilistic, unprovable, horrible and abnormal things. It requires careful observation of life and attention to detail description. Balzac of France believes that "only details can constitute the advantages of novels". Without scientific confirmation, everything is illusory and unreliable. The bourgeoisie benefits from science, attaches importance to the return of science to science, and requires science to look at everything calmly. This is a virtuous circle. In the realistic mind, without this virtuous circle, it is impossible to realize certainty in understanding reality.

Pay attention to objectivity

Romanticism can make subjective assumptions regardless of the existence of facts, while realism rejects subjective imagination and demands an objective and true reflection of the original face of life. The viewpoint of attaching importance to objectivity can be traced back to the imitation theory put forward by Aristotle in Poetics. He believes that art should be imitated according to the real face of reality. During the Renaissance, Leonardo also pointed out: "Look at nature with a mirror" and "create according to the laws of nature". More specifically, Diderot put forward that art is the unity of truth and beauty. Flaubert believed that "great art should be scientific and objective", opposed to subjective and personal emotions, and said: "An artist should not appear in his works, just as God should not appear in nature". Only art without personal things can calmly observe and reflect society and life.

criticalness

/kloc-in the 0/9th century, capitalism successively defeated feudalism and established bourgeois dictatorship in several important European countries. Followed by a series of contradictions between people, society and society, the relationship between people has nothing to do except naked interests and cold' cash transactions'. Therefore, artists with social conscience in capitalism hate this and expose and criticize it. Realism is of great value in exposing social vices and describing individuals suppressed by family traditions, religious dogmas and laws.

Realism emphasizes that science opposes falsehood, criticism participates in society, reality affirms its own value, and visual reality emphasizes the essential characteristics of art, which has strong vitality.