Scientific Outlook on Development's role in promoting the construction of new socialist countryside.

Accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee based on a profound analysis of the current international and domestic situation, a comprehensive grasp of the staged characteristics of China's economic and social development, and the overall development of the party and the country. Is an important symbol of the full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development. It is of great significance for building a well-off society in an all-round way, building a harmonious socialist society and promoting the sustained and healthy development of China's economy and society. We must deeply understand the scientific connotation of the new socialist countryside, comprehensively grasp the problems faced by the new rural construction, and promote the new socialist countryside construction under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development.

Deeply understand the scientific connotation of socialist "new countryside".

The "Twenty Horizons" policy of building a new socialist countryside with "development of production, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village capacity and democratic management" covers all the contents of economic, political, cultural and harmonious society construction, and embodies the distinctive characteristics of the times. First of all, it points out the socialist nature of new rural construction; Secondly, taking building a harmonious rural society as the goal, it embodies the people-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development; The third is to design and outline a new system including rural economy, administration and management; The fourth is to define agriculture as a sunrise industry, which is constantly developing and upgrading with the progress of science and technology; Fifth, it emphasizes that the main body of new rural construction is new farmers, and it is fundamental to cultivate new farmers; Sixth, advocate the new trend of spiritual civilization in rural social life. So we must unify our understanding and focus on it. Seriously implement it in practice.

Second, a correct understanding of the current problems in rural areas

According to the target requirements of new rural construction, combined with the reality of rural areas in China, there are mainly the following problems:

1, weak agricultural foundation and backward production mode. Mainly manifested in: First, the area of cultivated land is decreasing day by day, and there is a shortage of fresh water resources. From 1996 to 2004, the cultivated land area in China decreased from195100000 mu to 1837 million mu, making it one of the fastest consuming countries in the world. Second, the mode of production is backward and the ability of scientific and technological support is not strong. The mode of agricultural production in many places still stays at the traditional and backward level of human and animal power. The contribution rate of science and technology to agricultural production is only about 45%, and the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements is only about 30%. Third, the agricultural infrastructure is weak. The intact rate of backbone buildings in major irrigation areas is less than 40%, and the supporting rate is less than 70%. The proportion of medium and low yield fields accounts for 2/3 of the cultivated land area in China; Fourth, the ability to resist natural risks and market risks is weak. Last year, the climatic conditions were the best in recent years, but the food loss caused by the disaster was still 60 billion Jin. The unstable prices of some agricultural products, especially the rising prices of agricultural means of production, have led to the increase of farmers' production and not necessarily their income, which has affected farmers' enthusiasm for production.

2. Natural resources have been severely damaged and the rural ecological environment has deteriorated. First of all, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in some rural areas has made soil pollution increasingly serious. In addition, the non-degradable agricultural plastic film also aggravated the pollution. Second, the surface structure is seriously damaged. In many rural areas, deforestation, unlimited reclamation, grazing and disorderly exploitation of mineral resources have seriously damaged the surface structure and vegetation, resulting in soil erosion. Third, air and water pollution have intensified. The transfer of polluting enterprises from cities to rural areas has increased the pressure on the rural ecological environment.

3. The quality of rural labor force is low, and the spirit of pioneering and innovation is not strong. First, farmers are conservative and the awareness of small farmers is deeply rooted. The way of production, life and behavior is far from the requirements of modern social life and new countryside. Second, the vast majority of farmers have the mentality of "small wealth means security" and lack the initiative to do great things. Not making progress, waiting, relying on and wanting is serious, with outdated and decadent ideas, lacking passion and even resistance to the construction of new countryside. Third, the level of science and technology is low and the ability to accept new knowledge and skills is weak. According to relevant data, in 2005, 30% of the rural labor force had primary school education or below, 62% had junior high school education, and only 8% had senior high school education or above. Fourth, farmers' lack of market awareness, honesty awareness and cooperation awareness have affected the development process of agricultural industrialization.

4. There are few channels to increase income in rural areas, and the income growth of farmers is slow. First, there are many people and few land, and farmers have insufficient stamina to increase their income. At present, nearly 80% of farmers' income in many areas of China comes from agriculture. In recent years, due to the limited rural land and backward agricultural production methods, it is difficult to achieve a breakthrough in farmers' income only by existing land and planting and breeding methods. Second, the development of secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas is slow, the economic benefits are generally low, and the supporting ability to increase farmers' income is weak. The income of farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries is small, and the stamina for farmers to increase their income is insufficient. Third, the development of agricultural industrialization is slow, and the processing of agricultural products mostly stays in primary production and processing, with little intensive processing, low scientific and technological content, low added value and weak competitiveness. Fourth, there is no real interest relationship between farmers and processing or sales enterprises, the contract is not standardized, and the order repetition rate is low. Fifth, due to the low skill and quality of the labor force, farming can only be done extensively but not intensively, and working can only sell coolies and do extensive work, which seriously restricts farmers' income. Sixth, the problem of rural surplus labor force is outstanding.

5. The investment in rural public undertakings is seriously insufficient, and the development of social undertakings is lagging behind. First, the rural medical conditions are poor, the medical level is low, and poverty caused by illness is still widespread. Second, the level of rural medical personnel is low and the medical and health situation is backward. Third, the investment in science, technology and culture is insufficient, and the situation of weak foundation, poor foundation, less talents, less funds and backward infrastructure has not fundamentally changed. Fourth, the rural social security system is not perfect, and the social security investment is seriously insufficient. The minimum living security system, endowment insurance and medical insurance system are generally not implemented.

6. The construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas is lagging behind, and the concept of cadres and the masses is outdated. First, there is a wrong tendency to attach importance to material civilization construction and neglect spiritual civilization construction in ideological understanding. Second, feudal bad habits are everywhere. Old ideas are still at work, such as breaking contracts, feudal superstitions and so on, and social ugliness is emerging.

7. The construction of rural grass-roots organizations is weak and the democratic management system is not perfect. First, party member cadres have a weak sense of innovation. Most rural cadres in party member are accustomed to the way of administrative orders, with rigid thinking and passive work. Second, the ability to lead the masses to get rich is not high. The scientific, technological and cultural qualities of rural cadres are generally low, and they are at a loss about the new situation and new problems of agricultural development in the new period. Their ability to develop rural economy is not strong, their development path is not wide, and their working methods are not many, so they can't cope with the people's desire to get rich. Third, the village-level collective economy is relatively weak. Village-level organizations are difficult to operate normally. Fourth, the problem of weak and lax village-level organizations still exists, and the two committees of village support generally lack cohesion, combat effectiveness and appeal. Fifth, villagers' autonomy is a mere formality.

Third, adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development and comprehensively promote the construction of new countryside.

In view of the current problems in rural areas, we must adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development. Focus on developing rural economy and increasing farmers' income; Focus on improving the rural environment and improving the quality of farmers; Taking revitalizing rural culture and improving villagers' autonomy as the important goal, we will comprehensively promote the construction of new countryside.

(A) adhere to the people-oriented, and promote the construction of new countryside

Adhering to people-oriented means insisting on putting the most concerned, urgent and important problems of farmers in the first place. It is to let the peasants, who account for the overwhelming majority of the population, enjoy the fruits of reform and development and realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the peasant masses.

1, vigorously develop rural productive forces and improve the comprehensive economic benefits of agriculture. Developing productive forces is the foundation and premise of building a new countryside and the fundamental way to increase farmers' income. In order to achieve this goal, first, we should increase policy and financial support, accelerate the improvement of rural production and living conditions and overall appearance, and upgrade farmland water conservancy facilities; Second, do a good job in soil and water conservation in mountainous areas and comprehensive development and management of small watersheds; The third is to implement the strictest farmland protection system, increase the protection of basic farmland and prevent land pollution; Fourth, on the premise of stabilizing grain production, develop characteristic agriculture, cultivate leading industries, expand scale breeding and build planting bases; Fifth, we must vigorously develop the processing industry of agricultural and sideline products, highlight intensive processing, expand leading enterprises, extend the industrial chain, and give full play to the maximum benefits of agricultural production; Sixth, actively develop other industries in rural areas, including township enterprises and service industries, and constantly enhance the driving role of secondary and tertiary industries in agriculture and rural economy.

2. Develop modern agriculture and improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products. First, transform traditional agriculture with modern science and technology and management, constantly increase the scientific and technological content of agriculture and improve agricultural labor productivity; Second, we should promote agricultural standardization, promote stable grain production, improve the quality of agricultural products and increase the added value of agricultural products; Third, promote the upgrading of agricultural industry and develop organic agriculture and green agriculture; Fourth, develop various agricultural industrial intermediary organizations, improve the degree of agricultural organization and market competitiveness, and realize economies of scale; Fifth, cultivate characteristic agricultural industries and adjust and optimize the agricultural industrial structure.

3. Broaden the channels of increasing income and do everything possible to increase farmers' income. "Well-off" for farmers is the core of new rural construction and the central task of agriculture and rural work. Therefore, it is necessary to fully tap the potential of increasing income within agriculture, broaden the channels for rural surplus labor to transfer employment, and form a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income. The first is to stabilize the income of traditional farming. Pay attention to high quality and high yield; The second is to increase income by optimizing the layout and improving the output efficiency of the base; The third is to develop courtyard breeding and planting to increase income; Fourth, develop processing industry to increase income; The fifth is to increase income by going out to work; Sixth, the party's policies are truly implemented on farmers, so that farmers can really get benefits; The seventh is to reduce burdens and increase income. For farmers, reducing the burden is equivalent to increasing income; Eighth, relying on agricultural science and technology to increase income. Widely implement efficient and applicable technologies, provide farmers with all kinds of breeding and management information, and improve production and operation efficiency; Ninth, relying on poverty alleviation and development to increase income; Tenth, reform and innovate the mechanism, conscientiously implement the policy of giving more, taking less and letting go, and increase farmers' income.

4. Strengthen cultural education and skills training, improve farmers' quality and cultivate new farmers. Building a new countryside cannot be separated from new farmers who are literate, know technology and can manage. Constantly improving farmers' comprehensive quality and skill level through various education and training can not only enhance farmers' employment and entrepreneurial ability. It can also improve their labor efficiency and income level. Cultivating new farmers: first, strengthen basic education, focusing on popularizing and consolidating nine-year compulsory education in rural areas; Second, increase financial support and conscientiously implement the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy"; Third, integrate urban and rural educational resources and further improve the educational management system; Fourth, strengthen the service system for urban primary and secondary school teachers to teach in rural areas, and promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education; Fifth, strengthen farmers' vocational skills training, improve farmers' ability to go out to work, promote the smooth transformation of their migrant workers from "coolies" to "skilled" and "intelligent", and gradually increase their income; Sixth, based on the industry and guided by the market, we should carry out practical technical training for farmers, so that farmers can master scientific planting techniques, consciously promote the adjustment of agricultural structure and cultivate new economic growth points in rural areas; Seventh, to cultivate entrepreneurial farmers, the government should focus on creating an entrepreneurial environment in rural areas, give farmers preferential policies for entrepreneurship, and attract all kinds of non-agricultural talents to start businesses in rural areas.

5, do a good job in rural construction planning, and gradually improve the village appearance. Rural construction is directly related to the vital interests of farmers, so we should proceed from local reality, make reasonable plans, adjust measures to local conditions, respect farmers' wishes and fully consider farmers' affordability; We should not only adhere to the basic principle of saving and intensive land use, but also facilitate farmers' production and life and reflect local characteristics, and we should not take the opportunity to engage in image projects or performance projects. Avoid the phenomenon of excessive occupation of cultivated land, new houses without new appearance and new houses without new villages; Comprehensively rectify the "dirty, chaotic and poor" rural areas and create a clean, comfortable and civilized new countryside.

6. Activate healthy cultural and sports activities in rural areas and strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas. First, we should form a good social outlook in rural areas, so that a new generation of farmers can have a good social environment for healthy growth; Second, increase investment in rural cultural undertakings, build comprehensive cultural stations or activity centers with complete facilities and functions, and follow up the construction of village-level cultural and sports venues; The third is to establish a long-term mechanism of "going to the countryside" in culture, health and science and technology, cultivate village-level literary and artistic backbones, organize mass entertainment activities after work and holidays, and enrich the spiritual life of the masses; The fourth is to guide farmers to advocate science, resist superstition, get rid of bad habits, establish a socialist concept of honor and disgrace with "eight honors and eight disgraces" as the core, and form a new atmosphere of civilized, scientific and healthy rural society.

7. Accelerate rural infrastructure construction and improve rural production and living conditions. First, speed up the construction of rural road network and realize highway coverage in every village; Second, speed up the construction of rural water conservancy facilities, enhance agricultural disaster resistance, and ensure agricultural drought and flood protection; Third, strengthen the construction of rural drinking water safety projects focusing on centralized water supply to further improve the drinking water quality of rural farmers; Fourth, strengthen rural power grid construction to make urban and rural power supply meet the requirements of economic development; Fifth, optimize and adjust the layout of rural primary and secondary schools to improve the effective utilization level of rural educational resources; The sixth is to start the implementation of rural grassroots cultural facilities construction and radio and television "household connection" project; Seventh, strengthen the construction of rural public health infrastructure and continuously improve the backward situation of rural medical and health care.

8. Continue to implement the family planning policy, establish and improve the rural basic security system and primary health care service system, and comprehensively improve the quality of rural labor force. We will continue to control the high birth rate in rural areas, especially strengthen family planning work in remote rural areas and ethnic minority areas. Only by insisting on fewer children and better children can we create a good premise for improving the overall quality of the labor force.

(two) adhere to the overall development of urban and rural areas, and promote the construction of new countryside.

Coordinating urban and rural areas is the basic requirement of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and the only way to promote the construction of new countryside. At present, agricultural development is increasingly restricted by resources and markets, and structural contradictions and difficulties in increasing farmers' income are becoming more and more prominent. Coordinating urban and rural economic and social development is to plan the economic and social development of cities and rural areas in a unified way from the overall height of national economic and social development, so that cities and rural areas can promote and coordinate each other.

1, the national income distribution structure needs to be adjusted. Increase the proportion of national fiscal expenditure, fixed assets investment and credit investment in rural areas. At present, most rural economies are weak, and many local governments cannot make ends meet. Grass-roots governments are unable to provide the most basic public services to rural areas, farmers' income level is low, and their self-financing ability is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to further expand the coverage of public finance in rural areas and increase the support and protection for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers"; Adjust the national infrastructure investment structure and shift the construction focus from cities to rural areas; Improve and strengthen the rural financial system and improve the level of rural financial support for agriculture.

2. Efforts should be made to eliminate the institutional obstacles that hinder the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. It is necessary to break the system and policy restrictions of urban-rural dual division, give farmers equal civil treatment, complete property rights and fair development opportunities, and accelerate the establishment of an economic and social system in which urban and rural elements flow freely and urban and rural residents have equal status. First, reform the current household registration system, gradually establish a unified national household registration system based on identity card management, and give citizens the right to choose their jobs and places of residence on an equal footing. Second, focus on cultivating a unified factor market between urban and rural areas. Third, coordinate the construction of urban and rural social security system, broaden the coverage of rural social security, explore ways and models to establish rural social security system, and gradually realize urban and rural coordination in pension, medical care and minimum living security.

3. Coordinate the development of urban and rural industries. Industry is the foundation and carrier of economic development. At present, the main reasons for the serious imbalance between urban and rural development in China are unreasonable industrial structure, uncoordinated industrial development and obvious dual economic structure between urban and rural areas. Cities are dominated by modern industries with socialized mass production as the basic feature, while rural areas are dominated by traditional agriculture with small production as the basic feature. Moreover, urban and rural industries are self-contained and have little correlation. This not only seriously hindered the development of rural economy, but also affected the healthy development of the whole national economy. Therefore, to coordinate urban and rural economic development, we must first coordinate urban and rural industrial development and attach importance to the development of urban and rural related industries. Urban-rural related industry is an industry with high correlation between urban and rural departments, which has the interdependence of input and output and corresponding economic ties, one connecting rural areas and the other connecting cities. Planning and developing these industries well can not only speed up their growth, but also improve their economic benefits, which is of great significance to the coordinated development of urban and rural economy.

4. Coordinate the allocation of urban and rural resources. Capital, technology, talents, information and other resource elements are the material basis for creating wealth. In recent years, there has been a new imbalance between urban and rural areas in China, and the contradiction of dual structure has become more acute. The fundamental reason lies in the unreasonable flow and unscientific allocation of resource elements between urban and rural areas. In addition to labor resources, the general trend is that the input and allocation of resources are tilted towards cities, industries and citizens, while there is discrimination against rural areas, agriculture and farmland. Therefore, in order to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy, it is necessary to plan the flow direction, flow rate and allocation of various resource elements in a unified way. In view of the present situation, the national macro-policy should be appropriately tilted to agriculture, rural areas and farmers who are obviously in a weak position, increase capital investment, and increase support and protection for agriculture and rural economy; It is necessary to formulate preferential policies to encourage all kinds of talents to start businesses or find jobs in rural areas, improve the working and living conditions of rural workers, and increase the training of agricultural science and technology and rural management talents.

5. Coordinate urban and rural human resources development. The key point is to solve the problem of urban and rural employment as a whole, not only focusing on solving the problem of urban employment and re-employment, but also focusing on solving the problem of rural labor transfer employment. In order to improve the employment situation of migrant workers, the central government has issued a series of policies and measures. However, there are still many problems in the employment of migrant workers. If the salary is low, the arrears are serious; Long working hours and poor safety conditions; Lack of social security, many occupational diseases and industrial accidents, and so on. Overall employment is not only conducive to the rational transfer of rural surplus labor to cities, but also an effective measure to increase farmers' income, eliminate urban-rural dual structure and employment discrimination, and realize the free and reasonable interaction between urban and rural labor resources. Coordinating urban and rural employment requires both cities and rural areas to actively expand employment space and vigorously develop labor-intensive industries. Rural areas and small towns should vigorously develop rural service industry, agricultural and sideline products processing industry and transportation and marketing industry, and accelerate the transfer of agricultural labor to non-agricultural industries and the flow to small towns.

6. Coordinate urban and rural social services. The key point is to coordinate all kinds of resources in urban and rural areas and vigorously develop the agricultural socialized service system. Developing socialized agricultural services means supporting farmers to develop various forms of professional cooperative organizations in accordance with the principles of voluntariness and democracy.

(3) Adhere to eco-environmental protection and promote the construction of new countryside.

At present, the environmental pollution and destruction in rural areas are becoming more and more serious, and the ecological environment is seriously threatened, which has become a key issue in the construction of new socialist countryside. In order to strengthen rural environmental protection and promote the construction of new socialist countryside. The following work should be done:

1, strengthen rural environmental and ecological protection and pollution prevention infrastructure construction, and effectively improve farmers' production and living conditions. First, increase the intensity of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, restore ecological vegetation, and reduce soil erosion. The second is to formulate relevant national policies, gradually build and improve rural domestic sewage, garbage disposal and other infrastructure, and accelerate the pace of improving water and toilets.

2. Strengthen ideological education and enhance the ecological awareness of cadres and the masses. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of sustainable development of leaders at all levels and do a good job in environmental education for farmers and primary and secondary school students.

3. Control population growth and improve farmers' cultural quality and environmental awareness. In poverty-stricken areas with very backward culture and education, the development of population, environment and economy has formed a strange circle of population expansion-ecological deterioration-economic poverty-low population quality-population re-expansion. Strictly control population growth, improve population quality, and coordinate the relationship among population, resources and environment.

4. Strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, research and popularize agricultural high technology, reduce the impact of pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural film pollution, and improve the environmental quality of soil, water and air.

5. Intensify publicity, strengthen social supervision, optimize the industrial and product structure of township enterprises, change the mode of economic growth, and establish a low-consumption and high-efficiency economic structure. Do a good job in the development planning of township enterprises and establish and develop township industrial communities.

6. According to the principles of ecology and ecological economics, strengthen the construction of ecological agriculture and implement intensive management. The basic contents of ecological agriculture construction are as follows: ① Make full use of bioenergy to promote the material recycling and transformation of agricultural excreta; ② Make full use of solar energy to realize the material transformation of agricultural production; ③ Protection, rational utilization and proliferation of natural resources; ④ Developing rural energy; ⑤ Prevent rural environmental pollution and ecological deterioration; ⑥ Establish a self-purification system of agricultural environment.

(4) Strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots organizations and promote the construction of new countryside.

Rural grass-roots organizations are the bridge and link between the Party and the people, the organizer, promoter and practitioner of the implementation of the Party's principles and policies in rural areas, and the leading core of uniting and leading the broad masses of farmers to build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also the key to building a new countryside. In order to do this work well, we must work hard in the following aspects:

1, strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations, and constantly explore new modes of party organization construction.

2, strengthen the construction of cadres, and vigorously improve the quality of rural cadres.

3. Correctly handle the relationship between the construction of grassroots organizations and the promotion of grassroots democracy. First of all, we must expand inner-party democracy. Secondly, we should mobilize the masses to participate, elect a strong team of village party branches, and create good conditions for ensuring villagers' autonomy.

4. Correctly handle the relationship between the village party branch and the village committee. In strict accordance with the requirements of the "Regulations" and the "Organic Law", straighten out the relationship between village party branches, village committees and other organizations, improve and perfect the leadership system of village-level organizations with the party branch as the core, and village committees and other organizations should consciously obey the leadership of the party branch, unite and cooperate, do a good job in agricultural and rural work, serve the rural reform, development and stability, and serve the goal of developing rural economy, increasing farmers' income and moving towards prosperity.

The construction of new countryside is an unprecedented great cause in China. It is the only way for China * * * Production Party to lead the people of China to realize a better tomorrow. As long as we adhere to the development concept of people-oriented, urban and rural planning, ecological balance and environmental protection. This great goal will be successfully achieved.

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