Songyang Seowon, one of the four great academies of China, Songyang Seowon has produced what famous people?

Songyang Academy is an ancient institution of higher learning, one of the four major academies in China. Songyang Academy system is simple and elegant, with five main buildings on the central axis and a full range of cloisters. Songyang Academy, because of its unique nature of Confucian educational buildings, is known as a "specimen" for the study of ancient Chinese academy architecture, education system and Confucian culture.

The academy is a unique educational institution in feudal China. It occupies an important and unique position in the history of ancient Chinese education and has a significant impact. Songyang Academy is one of the four major academies in China. It is at the forefront of academics and plays an important educational role in spreading traditional Chinese culture and cultivating talents.

Historically, Songyang Academy is known for its science, rich cultural heritage and unique cultural relics. The Songshan area has been an important area for Confucian activities since ancient times. There are Songyang Seowon, Yinggu Seowon, Shaoshi Seowon, Chengnan Seowon and Cungu Seowon, among which Songyang Seowon is the most prominent. "Jing is most clear in the academy, and the stone remembers the name of the Imperial Palace. Mountain stream sound like rain, chrysanthemum and bamboo fragrance like new sun. When I first came here, I could not say goodbye. The Chinese sometimes succeed in saying goodbye in the shadow of Pakhan."

Racial Happenings

Songyang Academy has historically been a gathering place for Buddhists and Taoists, but it is the place where Confucianism has been passed down for the longest and most prestigious time. Songyang Academy was founded in the eighth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty's Taihe. It was called Songyang Temple and was a place for Buddhist activities. The monks waited for hundreds of people.

It was renamed Songyang Temple in the Sui Dynasty and became a place for Taoist activities.

The first year of Hongdao in the Tang Dynasty, when Li Zhiyou visited Songshan, he named the palace "Fengtian Palace".

Five Dynasties, the second week was changed to Taiyi Academy.

Song Jingyou was named Songyang Seowon in 1035 AD, two years ago. It is a place where celebrities teach the classics.

At the beginning of Song Dynasty, the world was at peace and the literary style prevailed. After the chaos of the Five Dynasties, Confucian scholars liked to find a secluded place in the mountains to give lectures. Dengfeng was a place where Yao, Shun and Yu once lived. According to records, 24 people, including Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu, Li Gang, and Fan Chunren, lectured at Songyang Academy. Sima Guang's masterpiece "Ziji Tongjian" volume 9 to 21 in Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace completed. Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, known as the "second trip", lectured at Songyang Academy for more than ten years. The famous Confucian scholar JD.COM studied in Songyang Academy. After passing the imperial examinations, he served as an examiner for nine times. From then on, Songyang Academy became one of the most influential academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Songyang Academy is one of the birthplaces of Song Dynasty science. The founders of Song Dynasty science, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, etc., all lectured in Songyang Academy, and part of Sima Guang's masterpiece, "Sons and Daughters of the Passage", was written in Songyang Academy. At the end of Ming Dynasty, the academy was destroyed by soldiers' gunfire. It underwent reconstruction and construction in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In its heyday, the academy covered an area of more than 1750 acres, with hundreds of students and a collection of more than 2,000 books, such as Zhu Zi Quanshu, Li Xing Jingyi, and the Four Books of the Day. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished and schools were established. After more than 1000 years of university education, the imperial examinations were finally completed. However, the academy, as a bright pearl in the history of ancient Chinese education, will always be in the history books. Kangxi Xin Mao year, the province in Kaifeng to choose candidates, each county can not choose one, Dengfeng only five. Gan Long fifteen years on October 1, the Qing Dynasty Emperor Gao Zong inspected Songyang Academy wrote a poem of praise.

Songyang Academy has been expanded and repaired through several generations. The architectural layout of the academy maintains the style of the pre-Qing Dynasty. There are more than 500 halls and corridors, consisting of five courtyards. There are buildings such as the Hall of All Gods, the Pantheon, the Hall of the Three Sages, the Lize Hall, the Library, the Taoist Temple, the Boyue Building, the Wenjing Building, and the Sanyi Zhai. First is the Pantheon, dedicated to the ancestors and sages associated with the college, followed by the Lecture Hall, the Pantheon behind the Lecture Hall, and finally the Library. The houses on both sides were originally the "Jucheng Temple", the study room, the study room, and so on. The walls of the corridor rooms in the courtyard are embedded with inscriptions by scholars of all times, each with its own distinctive content and calligraphy. The west side of the courtyard there are some of the Qing Dynasty Songyang Academy teaching examination buildings.

In September 1936, before his 50th birthday, Chiang Kai-shek, accompanied by Shang Zhen, Zhang Jingyu and Qian Dajun, visited Mt. Songyang Academy, I saw the surrounding mountains and quiet environment, but there was insufficient water supply in the nearby mountains. Zhang Jingyu, director of the Construction Department of Henan Province, immediately instructed to drill a 100-meter-deep well, named Jiang Gongjing, at Songyang Shuyuan. This was the first complete deep well in Songshan.

In 1961, the State Council of the People's Republic of China*** and the State Council listed it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

On December 5, 2006, the ancient architectural complex of Songshan Mountain, including Songyang Academy, was listed on the Protection List of China's World Cultural Heritage by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, making it the only independent project in Henan Province.

In 2009, the old Songyang Academy was redecorated and Songyang Academy of Zhengzhou University was established to make new contributions to the inheritance of Chinese outstanding culture.

On March 9, 2010, the Songshan Historical Complex became the only World Cultural Heritage project declared by China, and was confirmed by the State Council in 2010.

On August 1, 2010, Songyang Academy, as a sub-project of Dengfeng Tiandi Historical Architecture, was formally inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. The Songyang Academy was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.

Main Attractions

Datang Monument

This is known as the "Tang Songyang Pass Records Shengde Songshengyingbei". Tang Tianbao carved three years ago. Stone monument 9.02 meters high, 2.04 meters wide, 1.05 meters thick. The stone monument is majestic and beautifully carved. There are 1078 characters written on the tablet. The main content tells the story of Sun Taichong, a Taoist priest from Yangguan in Song Dynasty, who went to Tang Xuanzong Emperor Li Longji nine times for alchemy. Li wrote it at eight o'clock

Three Generals

There used to be three cypress trees in Songyang Academy. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Songyue and saw the cypress trees in the sky and called them "Generals", "Second Generals" and "Third Generals".

The common cypress tree is 12 meters high and 5.4 meters thick. The tree's body is inclined and the canopy is thick. It is like a sunshade. The second common cypress tree is 18.2 meters tall and 12.54 meters thick. Although it has mottled bark and is old, it is vibrant and has upright branches. The lower part of the trunk is a hole that connects north and south, like a door. The hole could hold five or six people. Two huge branches bent like wings stretched from one side to the other, shaped like eagles with spread wings, and golden roosters trying to fly. Every time the mountain wind blows, the branches vibrate like bells, and the sound of silk and bamboo can be heard. The Three Generals Cypress Tree was destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

The age of General Cypress has always been a subject of mystery. The tree is more than 2,000 years old since it was sealed. The old teacher Zhao Puchu left a hymn "Songyang has a white boat, the world stretches for three thousand years". According to forestry experts, the common cypress tree is the original cypress tree, which is 4,500 years old. This is the oldest and largest cypress tree in China.

Stone Carving

The Ming Dynasty stone carving of Songyang Academy, "Dengfeng County Map," was carved in the Wanli Gouzi period. This map describes in detail the distribution of places of interest in the Songshan area, as well as the names of mountains, rivers, roads, villages and towns. This is a map of Dengfeng County and also a map of Dengfeng cultural relics. Although the places of interest in Dengfeng County are recorded, they are directly described in the form of maps. This is just a stone map of Dengfeng County. This stone map has clear outline and accurate location. This map shows the whole picture of Dengfeng County and the distribution of cultural relics. The stone map of Dengfeng County in Ming Dynasty is a precious artistic treasure, and also a precious material for the study of Dengfeng's geography, cultural relics and history.

Academy Architecture

Songyang Academy basically maintains the architectural layout of the Qing Dynasty. It is 128 meters long from north to south and 78 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 9,984 square meters. The central axis building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north are the main gate, the first hall, the report hall, the Taoist temple and the library. The two sides of the central axis are connected by matching houses. There are 108 ancient buildings here, most of which are cylindrical tiled houses crushed by the hard mountain. They are plain, elegant but not vulgar. They are completely different from the many red walls and green tiles, carved beams and painted buildings in the central plains, and have strong local architectural characteristics.

Gate Couplet:

Four, but near the center, there is Taihua horizontal, and the four plugs of the pass is called the arch god

Nine generations later, it is a city, the newspaper B is a canyon, and the three storms are mountains.

Second-hand sober planting

The tree is 19.5 meters high and 4 meters thick. Although the tree has a rough trunk with a hollow external entity in the center, the acacia has a dense canopy with shade and new branches. Elegant in appearance, ancient and enduring, the history of these trees is not of distant origin. During the Feng Dynasty, the famous rationalists Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi planted many acacia trees to decorate the landscape of Songyang Academy in Xi'ning, Song Shenzong.

Yue Songyang Temple Monument

Tian Ping of the Eastern Wei Dynasty was established in 535. One side is carved with 94 Buddha caves, and the other side is carved with a large shrine with one Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and three disciples. The top of the shrine is very beautifully designed with Feier reliefs and the side of the tablet, which is the finest stone carving in the Central Plains.

The Apricot Altar

In the early Qing Dynasty, Geng Jie, a famous scholar from the central government, presided over the founding of Songyang Academy. He lectured according to the ancient language of Confucius and Xing Tang to move the ground for the altar. During the lecture, an ancient apricot tree on the altar was passed to Gengjie for planting. Today, this stone altar is protected by a railing on the Zhouzha platform to restore its ancient appearance.

Dengfeng County Records Monument

Songyang Academy has more than 70 monuments from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.

Chen, the magistrate of Dengfeng County in the Wanli calendar, presided over the carving. The monument is 1.05 meters high, 0.86 meters wide, 0.2 meters thick and flat-topped. The map graphically shows the distribution of cultural relics and monuments, places of interest in the eighty districts of Mt. Songshan in the Ming Dynasty, depicting the names of mountains, rivers, roads, townships, towns, and the four boundaries of the territory of Dengfeng County. Although it is more than 400 years old, the handwriting and lines are clear. It has been described as "looking at this photo can include climbing, lying down, and traveling in the mountains."

The Dengfeng County Record is engraved with landscape paintings, flat lines and shallow reliefs. According to the scientific measurement of the surveying and mapping department, the proportion of 1:40,000. It is both the distribution of cultural relics in Dengfeng during the Ming Dynasty and the geographic location map.