Introduction to China traditional culture. . . help

It turns out that Guan Zhong is a barbarian, but also a hero [1]. I often travel with Bao Shu's teeth, and Bao Shu knows his sage [2]. Guan Zhong was very poor, and often bullied Bao Shu. He finally met him and didn't take it for granted. Has been Bao Shu's seven childe Xiaobai, Guan Zhong's childe for a long time [4]. And Xiao Bai made Huan Gong, Gong Zi died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was imprisoned [5]. Bao Shu then entered Guanzhong [6]. It is also Guan Zhong's plan to use it to take office in Qi State, monopolize it, unite with the nine kings and conquer the world.

Note [1] Guan Zhong (? -645 BC), the real name is Wu, the word is zhong, the number is Shi Jing, also known as Guan. Ying (yǐng) is located in the south of Yingshang County, Anhui Province. Ying is a water name and Ying is a place name.

[2] Bao, also known as Doctor Qi. Xian, with outstanding talent.

[3] Don't take it for granted, don't use it as an excuse, and don't speak ill of it.

[4] Childe, later named Jiang, was his younger brother. Gong Zijiu, Qi Xianggong's younger brother.

[5] Xiang Gong had no choice, so Bao Shuya went to Ju 'an, Guan Zhong and Lu to correct it. After Xiang Gong's death, he went back to Qi, gained political power, and summoned him, so that Lu killed Miyako who tried to fight for a position for a long time and escorted Guan and Zhao back to Qi. Zhao committed suicide suddenly. Please take Guan Zhong back to Qi in the prison car. How about, and the word, generation of qi, is also the tone at the end of the sentence.

[6] promote, recommend, recommend.

Guan Zhong, whose real name is Yi Wu, is a native of Yingshang. He used to associate with Bao when he was young, and Bao knew that he was very talented. At that time, Guan Zhong's family was poor. He often bullies Bao, but he is always kind to him and doesn't speak ill of him for it. Later, he served the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong served Gong Zijiu. After Xiaobai was made Duke Huan, Gong Zi died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was sent to Qi by a prison car. Bao recommended Guan Zhong to Huan Gong. After being reused, Guan Zhong came to power in Qi State, which made Huan Gong think highly of himself, met with governors many times, and rectified the world in one fell swoop.

Guan Zhong said, "When I was in trouble, I tasted Bao Shujia, and I shared more money with myself. Uncle Bao didn't treat me as greedy and knew I was poor [1]; I feel more sorry for Bao Shu, who doesn't treat me like a fool and knows when it is good and when it is bad [2]; I have tasted three officials and three people, and I am driven by you. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me as a corrupt official and knows that I am not bitter [3]; After three wars and three walks, Bao Shu is not afraid of me and knows that I have an old mother [4]; Miyako lost for a long time and died suddenly. My prisoner was humiliated. Bao Shu doesn't think I'm shameless, because he knows I'm not ashamed and my reputation is not known to the world [5]. My parents know buns. "

Bao Shu is in Guanzhong, and he is under him [6]. Shilu's descendants lived in Qi, and there were more than a dozen feudal lords, often famous doctors. There are not many smart people in the world, but Uncle Bao can know many people [7].

Note [1] Jia (g incarnation), a businessman.

[2] Seek and plan things. Poverty, embarrassment, embarrassment.

[3] Official, official. See you, except you. Unscrupulous, no talent. When encountering difficulties, meet a good opportunity.

[4] Go, run. Timid, timid.

[5] If you want to die, die. A generation of miyako is long. Shameless, shameless. Shame on the section, shame on the section. Section, sketch line. Shame, conation, thinking ... shame.

[6] Put yourself under him and put your position under him.

[7] Much praise and much praise.

Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I often did business with Uncle Bao. When I share money, I often share more. Uncle Bao knew that my family was poor, so he didn't think I was greedy for money. I used to plan things for Uncle Bao, but it made me even more embarrassed. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, because he knows that fortune has ups and downs. I was an official three times and was dismissed by the monarch three times, but Uncle Bao didn't think I was incompetent because he knew I didn't meet a good time. I called three times and ran three times, but Uncle Bao didn't think I was timid because he knew I had an old mother. Miyako died for a long time, but I would rather be imprisoned and humiliated. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm shameless, because he knows that I'm not ashamed of trifles, but of not being able to show my achievements and reputation in the world. The people who gave birth to me are my parents, and the people who really know me are Uncle Bao. "

After Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong as prime minister, he would rather be under Guan Zhong. His descendants have enjoyed their salaries in the State of Qi for generations, and there are more than a dozen generations who have been sealed off, often famous doctors. People all over the world don't praise Guan Zhong's talent, but praise Bao Shu's ability to understand people.

The original Guan Zhong, since he was in harmony with the imperial court, has only lived by the sea with a small amount of money, accumulated wealth in Qiang Bing, and likes and dislikes customs [1]. Therefore, it is said: "The granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace, and clothes are solid for six parents." "If the four dimensions are not open, the country will perish [3]." "Ordering food is like the source of running water, which makes people feel happy." Therefore, the theory is humble and relaxed. Give what the common people want; Vulgar is not, so go to [4].

Note [1] Ren Zheng is in charge of state affairs. Qi, when the prime minister of Qi. By virtue of ... tiny. Money accumulates wealth, circulates goods and accumulates money. Custom, folk custom, here refers to the common people.

[2] say, say. Cang Li (lǐn), the barn is called Cang, and the rice barn is called Lin, which generally refers to the grain depot. Go ahead, monarch. Obey the law. Six relatives, father, mother, brother, brother, wife and son. Solid, here refers to harmony, stability and mutual unity.

(3) Four dimensions of propriety, justice, honesty and shame. Wei, originally a big rope, refers to the national law here. Stretch yourself and lift forward.

[4] theory, the truth of discussion. Humble, simple. Folk custom, folk custom, refers to the common people. Because, follow. Go ahead, abolish it

Guan Zhong took charge of the national government and became the prime minister of Qi State. With the help of the small Qi State located on the seashore, he circulated goods and accumulated wealth, making Qiang Bing rich and doing things with the people. Therefore, he said: "With abundant warehouse reserves, ordinary people can understand etiquette; When food and clothing are plentiful, ordinary people can distinguish between honor and disgrace; If you can abide by the law, your six relatives will be harmonious and United. " "The four disciplines of courtesy, justice, honesty and shame cannot be carried forward, and the country will perish." "Issuing orders should be like the source of running water, so that it conforms to the people's hearts." So what Guan Zhong said is very simple, but it is easy to realize. What the people demanded, Guan Zhong complied with the people's hearts and gave them; What the common people opposed, Guan Zhong complied with public opinion and abolished it.

The original text is, is also the government, good every cloud has a silver lining. It is important to weigh the weight carefully [1]. Huan Gong was really angry with Cai, so Guan Zhong attacked Chu and blamed Bao Zheng for not paying tribute [2]. Huan Gong was really good at the Northern Expedition, and Guan Zhong put Yan Xiu in charge of Zhao Gong. Yu Ke's meeting, Huan Gong wanted to break the contract, so Guan Zhong believed it was true, and the vassals returned to Qi [4]. Therefore, some people say, "knowing how to deal with it is a political treasure [5]."

Guan Zhongfu intends to go to the government, and he has three returns and is buried. Qi people don't think this is a waste [6]. When Guan Zhong died, it was often better for Qi to obey his own government than for princes. After more than a hundred years, I had Yan [7].

Note [1] is also a political affair, and Guan Zhong handles the political affairs of the country. Every cloud has a silver lining, turn misfortune into good. Importance refers to the priority of things. Weigh, weigh, compare

[2] In fact, in fact. Angry at Ji Shao, angry at Ji Shao. Ji Shao, Qi Huangong's wife Cai Guoren. In 657 BC, Qi Huangong once took a boat with Ji Shao to play in the fish pond in the garden. Ji Shao deliberately rocked the boat, and Qi Huangong was afraid and his face changed. Huan Gong told her not to waver, but she wouldn't listen. Duke Huan was furious and sent her back to Cai's place, but he did not sever the relationship. Cai Guo asked Ji Shao to marry someone else. The next year, he was very angry and sent troops to attack Cai. This incident was recorded in Zuo Zhuan for three years and four years. Because, seize the opportunity. Embracing hair, bundles of green hair, a special product of Chu State, is a necessary thing for Zhou royal family to sacrifice and has always been a tribute of Chu State. Guan Zhong took advantage of Cai's attack to attack Chu, saying that Qi fought not to lose her Ji, but for the benefit of the Zhou royal family (Cai is an ally of Chu in Henan today), which showed Guan Zhong's wisdom.

[3] Shanrong, also known as Beirong, is in northern Hebei today. In 663 BC, Shan Rong attacked the Yan State, saved the Yan State, and made a northern expedition. Repair, renovation and implementation. Zhao Gong, also known as Zhao Kanggong, is his son and brother. His surname is Ji, and his first name is G8A5D(shì). Taibao, whose real name is Zhao, is Yan's ancestor. Governments and decrees.

[4] Self-denial Society, in 68 BC1year, Qi Huangong and Lu Zhuanggong joined forces at the Self-denial Society (now East of yanggu county, Shandong). Cao Mo's Covenant (aka) is a general of Lu. At the Ke meeting, he hijacked it with a sword, forcing Huan Gong to promise to return the land of Wenyang occupied by Qi. This is described in detail in the Thirteen Years Biography of Zhuang Gonggong Sheep. Later, Huan Gong wanted to break his word. In order to win the trust of the world, Guan Zhong advised him to practice his promise, and finally made "the letter of Huan Gong is in the world".

[5] Know how to take and know how to pay for it. In short, the structural auxiliary word (some people regard it as a conjunction) is used between the subject and the predicate, which plays the role of "eliminating independence" and makes the subject and the predicate form the object of the verb "know".

[6] quasi, than, similar. Sangui, built by Guan Zhong, is a sightseeing platform. Diàn, anti-chivalry. The coffin is an earthen platform for placing wine glasses, which is located between two pillars in the hall. After toasting each other, it is a gift for Zhou Dynasty governors to put the empty Jue on the table. "The Analects of Confucius Eight GD9AB": "The monarch is the goodness of the two monarchs, and there is rebellion; Guan Shi (Guan Zhong) also has rebellion. "

[7] Yan Zi (? -500 BC), namely Yan Ying, Zhongzi, Shiping.

Guan Zhong is good at turning disaster into good and failure into success when dealing with national politics. He attaches great importance to priorities and carefully weighs and compares them. It was because of his anger that he attacked Cai in the south, while Guan Zhong took the opportunity to attack Chu and accused Chu of not paying tribute to the Zhou royal family. Duke Huan did send troops north to attack Shanrong, but Guan Zhong took the opportunity to order Yan to punish and carry out Zhao Gong's decree. In Kedi, he made an alliance with Lu, and later he wanted to tear up the Covenant he personally promised to return the land of Wenyang. However, Guan Zhong took the opportunity to persuade Huan Gong to fulfill the terms, so that everyone in the world believed in Qi State, so all the princes joined Qi State. Therefore, it is said: "Knowing how to pay is the truth of getting better, which is the magic weapon of governing the country."

Guan Zhong's wealth can be compared with that of a monarch. He built a three-way platform and set up a wine glass in the hall. The people of Qi did not think he was extravagant. After Guan Zhong's death, Qi continued to carry out his decrees, often better than other governors. Since then, more than a hundred years have passed, and another story has happened in Qi.

Yan Ping was a baby, and Lai Zhi was a Uighur [1]. In the matter of Qi and Zhuang Gonghe, frugality is more important than Qi [2]. Both qi, food is not heavy meat, clothing and silk [3]. It is in North Korea, which is very dangerous to talk about; If you can't say it, it's very dangerous [4]. State-owned means obedient; There is no way, it is fate [5]. In this way, the third world became famous to the princes.

Note [1] Lai, an ancient country name, was wiped out in the southeast of Huangxian County, Shandong Province in 567 BC. Yiwei is now Gaomi County, Shandong Province.

[2] Practice hard and work hard. More important than Qi, valued by Qi and respected by Qi people.

(3) Heavy meat and repeated meat indicate that there are two kinds of meat dishes.

[4] If you are threatening, you are not afraid of danger. Act dangerously and honestly.

[5] Obey orders and act according to orders. Balance your life, weigh the pros and cons, and be cautious.

Yan, a native of Qi, is a famous doll. He served Qi, Zhuang Gong and three generations successively. He is thrifty and thrifty, and is deeply respected by Qi people. After he became the prime minister of Qi, he never had two dishes with meat for dinner, and his concubines didn't wear silks and satins. When he faced up, when the monarch had something to ask him, he answered directly; When there is nothing to ask him, he does things honestly. When the national politics is clear, he will obey the law; When national politics is uncertain, he will weigh the pros and cons. Therefore, he can be famous in the world through three generations: Shi and Zhuang Gonghe.

The more stone a father is, the more virtuous he is. Yan Zi's coming out, the way he suffered, was redeemed by Zuo Yi and returned to [1]. Fu Xie, stay in the boudoir for a long time, the more my father wants the stone [2]. Yan Zi G9 1DD patted his clothes and thanked him: "Although the baby is ruthless, it is freed from the children. How can it be extinct?" Shi Fu said, "Otherwise. I heard that gentlemen trust their confidants, not their confidants. Wu Fang is in the middle. He doesn't know me. My master saved me, and I am a bosom friend; It is better to be intimate and rude than to be in it [4]. " Yan Zi then expanded into a guest.

Father Shi Yue is a saint of Qi. Léi xiè, the rope that binds the prisoner. Left (cān), the horse on the left side of the carriage.

[2] Foucher did not leave, omitting the subject "Yan Ying". Thank you. Bye. The boudoir (guī) is the inner door. For a long time, "zhi" was an auxiliary word that formed syllables. Never disconnect.

[3] G9 1dd (jué) is natural and looks amazing. Take photos and organize. Thank you and apologize. Er (è), danger.

④ū(qū)，ū； Letter, spread "stretch". Feel, feel, feel. Understand "enlightenment".

Father Shi Yue is a clever man. He was bound and escorted by a rope for committing a crime. Yan Zi went out and met him on the road. Yan Zi took off the horse driving on the left side of the car to atone for him and went home by car with him. Yan Zi walked into the back room without saying goodbye to Yue Shi's father, who asked to break up with him. Yan Zi was shocked and quickly adjusted her clothes, apologizing and saying, "Although I have no kindness, I saved you. Why did you break up so soon? " Father Shi Yue said, "That's not the case. It is said that a gentleman is humiliated by those who don't know himself, but respected by those who know himself. Those people didn't understand me when I was tied up with a rope. Now that you have awakened and redeemed me, this is my bosom friend; It's rude to treat me as a confidant. It's better to tie me up! " Yan Zi invited him in as a guest.

Yan Zi was born at the same stage, his royal wife came from the door, and NFDA3 was her husband [1]. Her husband is a relative, and he is very arrogant and complacent [2]. When he came back, his wife was invited. Husband asked him why. The wife said, "Yan Zi is less than six feet long. He is in a state of harmony and is famous as a vassal. Today, I see that I have a deep ambition. I often follow the bottom [3]. Today, my son is eight feet long. He is a servant. However, my son thinks he is full of meaning and my concubine wants to go [4]. " Later, the husband restrained the loss, and Yan Zi asked him strangely, and he told the truth honestly [5]. Yan Zi recommended him as a doctor.

Note [1] A person riding a horse and cart. Between doors, under doors. NFDA3(kuī:), peep, peep through a small hole or gap.

[2] hold，hold。 Big hood, big hood. Policy, whip, used as a verb, whip to drive.

[3] Go, go, go. Think, think. Start at the bottom and let yourself be lower than others.

[4] Yes, but.

[5] Restrain losses and be modest. Strange, feel strange.

One day, Yan Zi, the prime minister of Qi State, went out by car, and the driver's wife peeped at her husband through the door. I saw her husband driving for the prime minister, holding up a big umbrella cover on the car and flogging four horses driving. He is full of pride, very proud. Soon, the driver came home and his wife asked to leave. Her husband asked her why she left. The wife said, "He was less than six feet tall, but he became the prime minister of Qi and became a famous vassal. I watched him go out today, thinking deeply and often showing humility. Now you are eight feet tall, but you are a coachman, but your mind thinks you are satisfied, so I ask to leave. " Since then, her husband himself has become modest and prudent. Yan Zi felt very strange and asked him, and the driver told him truthfully. Yan Zi recommended him as a doctor.

The former Taishigong said: I look at the herdsmen of the Pass Pass, such as high mountains, riding horses, light and heavy, Jiugong, Swallow Spring and Autumn [1], which is very detailed. Seeing that he had written a book and wanted to observe his actions, he handed it over [2]. As for his books, there are many in the world, so anyway, just his anecdotes [3].

Guan is a so-called sage, but Confucius is a villain [4]. Do you think it is overbearing that Zhou Dao is declining and Huan Gong is virtuous, but he is not encouraged to be king? As the saying goes, "Let it be beautiful, keep it evil, and you can make a blind date from top to bottom." What does Guan Zhong mean?

Fang Yanzi cried at the body of Zhuanggong, made a ceremony, and then went [7]. Is it the so-called "not brave and not brave" evil [8]? It is said that it is the shame of the monarch to remonstrate with him, and the so-called "loyalty and thinking, making amends" is zai [9]! Yan Zi's appearance is false. Although I am flogging it, I still admire it [10].

Note [1] Herdsmen, mountain height, horseback riding, light and heavy, and nine blessings are all titles in Guanzi. The Spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi, written by later generations in the name of Yanzi, recorded Yanzi's words and deeds.

[2] Their books, that is, "their books", the books they wrote. Act, do, act. Times, times, writing.

[3] Like anecdotes, anecdotes are not recorded.

[4] Confucius is small, and "small" as a conation means overlooking. The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu: "Confucius said,' Guan Zhong is so small!'" "

[5] Wang Dao refers to Wang Dao, that is, ruling the country with benevolence and righteousness, as opposed to the "hegemony" of conquering the world by force.

[6] For the introduction of these three sentences, see the Book of Filial Piety. The original text is: "Confucius said:' If you are loyal to your thoughts, you will make up for it if you retreat. He will make it beautiful and save his evil, so that he can have a blind date from top to bottom. ”"

[7] See Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-five Years of "Xianggong" for the story of "Yan Zifu Zhuanggong's corpse crying, performing a ceremony and then leaving". Duke Zhuang of Qi had an affair with Tang Jiang, the wife of Cui Yao, the doctor of Qi who killed Duke Zhuang. Yan Ying entered the Cui family's door, and put Zhuang Gong's body on her lap and wept bitterly. Then he stood up, stamped a few feet and tried to leave.

[8] "Being heartless is brave" is what Confucius said in The Analects of Confucius.

[9] Offend the monarch's face and majesty. "Faithful to thought, retreat and make up for it" is a sentence in the Book of Filial Piety, see note [6] in this article.

[10] Although, even if. Holding a whip and driving a car with a whip is to be a coachman driving a carriage. Mu Xin was amazed with joy.

Tai Shigong said: I have read Guan Zi's Herdsmen, Mountain Heights, Riding Horses, Light and Heavy, Jiugong and Yanzi Chunqiu. Their remarks are very detailed. After reading their works, I still want to observe their behavior, so I sorted out their biographies. As for their works, there are many in the society, so we will not discuss them any more, but only record their anecdotes.

As we all know, Guan Zhong was a talented minister, but Confucius looked down on him. Is it because Confucius thought that the politics of the Zhou Dynasty declined, and since Huan Gong was wise, Guan Zhong did not encourage him to be king, but helped him become the overlord? There is an old saying: "If you follow the monarch's good deeds and correct your mistakes, you can make the monarch and the minister blind date." Is this Guan Zhong?

When Yan Zifu lay on the body of Zhuang Gong and wept bitterly, and left with the gift of a monarch and a minister, did he have the courage to meet an opportunity to uphold justice but not do it? As for his remonstrance, he dared to offend the majesty of the monarch. This is what people call a person. When he goes to North Korea, he wants to try his best to be loyal. When he leaves North Korea, he wants to make up for it! If Yan Zi were still alive, I would feel happy and admired even if I whipped him.