Ware types and characteristics of black porcelain from Jian kiln

Jian kiln in the Song Dynasty is famous for producing black glazed porcelain, and Jianjian is its representative product.

From the earliest appeared in the Ming Dynasty Cao Zhao's "new Gegu Essentials" contained: "Jian kiln ware out of Fujian, its bowls and marigolds are mostly skimming the mouth, the color black and moisturized, there are yellow rabbit spots, drip beads of the big ones really." And the designation of the marigold in the Song Dynasty has been.

The following is a brief introduction to the types of Jianyao black glazed porcelain, molding and tire and glaze characteristics.

Long kiln wood-fired persimmon red Jianjian a, Jianjian (bowls)

Jianjian are large mouth and small bottom, some rows such as a funnel;

The vast majority of the rim and digging the foot is shallow, the root of the foot is often chamfered, the foot of the ground is slightly sloping; a small number of solid feet.

The modeling is simple and thick, and the feel is generally heavy.

Modeling according to the classification, can be divided into the following types:

1, open bowl: open mouth, pointed round lip, oblique straight or slightly curved abdominal wall, shallow abdomen, under the belly inward, commonly known as the "hats bowl."

2, flared bowl: mouth flared, slightly curved lip, oblique belly, shallow footrim;

3, convergence bowl: mouth slightly converged inward, oblique curved belly; short footrim, shallow dug foot, more full-bodied modeling;

4, bundle mouth bowl: open edge of the bundle of the mouth, the abdomen is slightly curved, the abdomen convergence, shallow footrim, below the mouth into a circle of shallow concave Bundle into a circle of shallow grooves, commonly known as "water injection line", for Jianzhan, the most representative varieties.

Secondly, the lamps and lanterns

Lamps and lanterns are Jianyao kiln black porcelain has been found in the number of second only to Jianjian ware, according to its styling characteristics, can be broadly divided into three types:

1, unearthed or collected in larger quantities, open-mouthed, shallow abdominal type of calendars; calendars and lanterns inside the wall of the sticky one side of a round clay bar button;

2, bowl bowl type, the mouth edge of the micro-convergence of rounded rolls, shallow abdominal arc, the abdomen slightly bulging, under the belly, recumbent feet, the foot is inwardly closed. The mouth is slightly inwardly curved, with a shallow curved belly, a slight bulge in the upper abdomen, and a recumbent foot.

3, stacked by a shallow dish or small pelvis, rows such as warm bowls, dish and pelvis combined with a small hole, hollow, can be injected into the pelvis to cool down, in order to save lamp oil, so also known as oil-saving lamps, a full embodiment of the wisdom of the ancient working people.

Third, the bowl

mouth edge convergence, rich shoulders, bulging belly, under the belly convergence to the bottom, lying feet;

The number of bowl is less.

Yan Xiaohua, Partridge Spot Meditation Bowl IV, Bottles

There are three types:

1, Small plum vase.

Slightly outwardly curled lip, short neck, plump shoulders, bulging belly, the largest diameter in the upper abdomen, the underbelly inwardly closed, flat bottom slightly upwardly convex, unearthed or heirloom quantity is relatively small;

2, straight mouth bottle.

Straight mouth, slippery shoulders, slightly bulging abdomen, under the belly inward, shallow rim;

3, jade pot spring vase.

Skimmed mouth, slender neck, rounded belly and drooping, foot ring, beautiful shape, black glaze on the whole body.

5, jar

mouth open, shorter neck, bulging shoulders, under the belly inward, short rim, dug foot extremely shallow.

Large caliber of about 10 cm, small caliber of about 3 cm.

Six, high-footed cup

Mouth flared, slightly bulging belly, under the belly inward, flared mouth rim, the number of less.

Seven, marigold bracket

By the marigold type and dish type bonded together.

The mouth edge of the jan-shaped ware convergence, the belly slightly bulging, under the belly of the inward convergence with the dish-shaped ware.

This type of vessel is currently found less.

Eight, the water calendars

For an ancient percussion instrument.

The shape of the bowl, the foot has two kinds of foot and lying foot, the bowl inside the anchor-like protrusion, some in the anchor on the standing a small bird and other small animals as a decoration.

nine, slag bucket

open mouth folded rim, bulging belly, pointed rounded bottom;

Shi black glaze, the lower part of the outer wall of the exposed tire, the number of less.

Ten, tea book

by two bowl-shaped buckle to the opposite side, which the upper part of the bowl-shaped vessel seems to be the lower part of the excision of the lower abdomen, inverted and the lower part of the bowl buttocks and become. The shape is simple, and the whole body is covered with gold glaze.

In addition, there are also, coiled chi dragon pattern lampstand, Pouman, three-footed stove, pots, etc.;

The above is the type of Jian kiln black porcelain and its characteristics.

In addition to the fact that Fujian is the national base for tea production, Jianjian is the most suitable for tea fighting because of its characteristics. First of all, the appearance of Jianjian has a typical national style and rich colors of oriental art, inside and outside of the calabash decorated with the vagaries of the rabbit hair, oil drops, partridge spots, obsidian and other patterns, beautiful, this decorative pattern and hand-painted or engraved, molded prints are different, which relies on the glaze formula changes, but also rely on the kiln to produce different textures of the firing temperature and the atmosphere of the different textures, often produced in an unexpected, and, therefore, has an Infinite artistic vigor, seems to be "ghostly craftsmanship" work, has a high appreciation value, but also reflects the "unity of man and heaven" of Chinese thought.

Secondly, Jianjian is chic, thin sides and thick bottom, heavy and hard tire bone, with good heat preservation and insulation. When drinking tea, the most important thing is to pay attention to the temperature of the tea - that is, the first boiling water is the most appropriate. Moreover, Jianzan mouth big foot small bottom deep, the mouth of the large area, can accommodate more soup flower and easy to see, and foot small bottom deep is easy to tea residue precipitation and dumping residue, so as not to affect the color of the tea.

Ming Cao Zhao "new Gegu Essentials" said: "The ancients ate tea with the Prime, to take its easy to dry does not leave residue." Jianzhan's many advantages make the other kilns produced by the tea calendars greatly inferior, Jianzhan also became the Song dynasty's most superior fighting tea utensils.

Jianjian modeling, regardless of size, or open mouth, skimming, converging mouth, bundled mouth, all with a natural affinity, revealing the warmth of humanism care.

Edited by Maijianjun