Do you have any good suggestions for the protection of historical buildings?

There are more than 80,000 ancient buildings in China, among which wooden buildings account for more than one third. In terms of geographical distribution, the south is more than the north. Ancient wooden buildings in the north are mainly concentrated in Shanxi, Beijing and other provinces. Ancient wooden buildings in the south are mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Guizhou and Hunan provinces. Judging from a large number of cases, China's ancient buildings are mainly faced with risks such as fire, flood, corrosion, moth-eaten and man-made destruction.

The fire risk is particularly prominent, which is related to the characteristics of ancient buildings in China. First, a large number of ancient building materials in China are woody and flammable. Second, the architectural style is not conducive to fighting. Third, the layout of the courtyard aggravated the spread of the fire. Fourth, the nature and use function determine the concealment of risks. Fifth, the remote geographical location is not conducive to the entry of fire engines.

The protection of ancient houses in many rural areas needs to be solved urgently.

At present, the risk protection of ancient buildings in China is mainly government, supplemented by commerce. From the protection level of ancient buildings, it can be divided into cultural relics and non-cultural relics. The ancient buildings listed as cultural relics are recognized by the cultural relics department of the government according to the Cultural Relics Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). Non-cultural relics ancient buildings refer to ancient buildings that are not included in the category of national cultural relics, but have historical, cultural and scientific values.

For ancient buildings that are not included in cultural relics protection, it is urgent to solve the risk protection problems of ancient dwellings in many rural areas. Some rural houses in China, especially in mountainous areas, have been handed down from generation to generation, many of which have gone through a hundred years and have unique local historical and cultural values. Some of them have unique architectural techniques and high scientific value. These buildings are often personal property rights, and farmers themselves do not have a deep understanding of their protection value and lack financial input. These ancient buildings are relatively risky and need more attention. At present, insurance still covers these buildings to a certain extent, mainly in the form of farm house insurance to compensate farmers' houses for losses caused by natural disasters and fires. But the degree of protection needs to be further improved.

Some suggestions on developing China's ancient architecture insurance

1. The risk management of ancient buildings focuses more on "prevention".

Once the loss of ancient buildings is non-renewable, it is decided that "prevention" is more important than "compensation". Ancient buildings are priceless and cannot be copied. Buying insurance for ancient buildings does not guarantee that cultural relics and ancient buildings will not be damaged in the face of destructive events such as fires. Therefore, the risk management of ancient buildings pays more attention to prevention in advance.

2. Carry out insurance service innovation around pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster restoration of ancient buildings.

In order to help the restoration of ancient buildings, we can make a fuss about the use of insurance claims funds, turn them into professional technical support, consulting, construction services, provide rescue, testing and other services, establish an insurance expert database in this area, and help the government to carry out restoration work as soon as possible after the disaster.

3. Give play to the reward and punishment function of insurance pricing to promote risk management.

At present, many tourist attractions in ancient cities are over-exploited, with dense personnel and property, and some shops lack fire prevention awareness and measures. For these houses, before underwriting, the insurance company will determine the rate according to the risk situation, with high risk and high pricing and low risk and low pricing. After underwriting, the insurance company will regularly evaluate the hidden dangers of unsafe factors and put forward rectification suggestions. If the insured fails to perform the fire safety responsibility as agreed, the insurance company will increase the premium or terminate the contract according to law when renewing the insurance, and the insurance company can give a larger premium discount to strengthen the fire management or significantly reduce the risk.

4. Explore the innovation of insurance products for ancient buildings.

Compared with modern buildings, ancient buildings have the characteristics of vague boundaries of insurance objects, difficult determination of insurance value, complicated rate determination and special settlement methods. It is difficult to develop insurance products for ancient buildings, and there are very few insurance products for ancient buildings in the market at present. It is suggested to increase the exploration of insurance product innovation, learn from the practice of Suzhou ancient building insurance, introduce more personalized products and high-security products, and expand the national pilot scope.

5. Consider vigorously promoting fire insurance in some tourist attractions.

For many tourist hotspots (ancient cities, ancient villages, ancient towns, etc.). With the maturity of commercial development, the local government is considering compulsory or semi-compulsory fire insurance in the situation of high fire incidence.

6. Strengthen the application of fire risk management technology.

In the situation of high fire incidence in ancient buildings in China, it is necessary to strengthen the application of fire risk management technology, and it is suggested to increase the research and development, application and popularization of related technologies. The selection of fire prevention measures should be combined with the protection characteristics of ancient buildings and adapted to local conditions.

This paper is organized by China, an ancient building, and China, a one-stop service platform for architectural culture. It is a comprehensive operation service provider in the construction industry with the traditional culture of ancient buildings as the core. With the purpose of "inheritance, application and innovation" of ancient buildings, it is oriented to lead the sustained and healthy development of the industry. Combine the upstream and downstream enterprises in the construction industry chain, and reach strategic alliances with consulting, design, construction, real estate developers, material suppliers and other enterprises to form a construction service provider that supports the national Belt and Road Initiative, the construction of new districts, characteristic towns and beautiful countryside.