Chinese and western tea culture papers

Tea culture has a long history, is an important part of Chinese civilization, and has also had an impact on cultures all over the world. What's the difference between Chinese and western tea culture? The following is my paper on Chinese and Western tea culture. I hope it works for you.

A Comparative Paper on Chinese and Western Tea Culture 1

In the 2 1 century, when the culture of drinking tea became more and more popular, tea culture developed and made unprecedented progress in the world. Tea culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth related to tea created by human society in historical practice. There are 160 countries and regions in the world, and more than 3 billion people drink tea. After China tea was introduced to the west, its unique western open tea culture was formed through the development of western tea people. This paper aims to explore the essence of tea culture in the East and the West through the comparative analysis of tea culture in the East and the West.

Keywords China and the West; Tea culture; compare

First, the origin of China tea culture

As the saying goes:? Seven things to open the door, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar tea. ? It can be seen that tea is inseparable from people's daily life for a moment. Tea is not only a drink for China, but also a long and splendid culture. China is the hometown and birthplace of tea. In the development of tea culture, it has been deeply integrated into the traditional culture of China and influenced by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in the traditional culture of China, forming the unique spirit of tea ceremony in China.

Confucianism has been integrated into tea culture for the first time since Wei and Jin Dynasties. Meaning harmony? The idea of tea is to coordinate interpersonal relationships and realize mutual love, respect and assistance? Datong? And I hope to temper my will with the pure and noble spirit of tea. Secondly, does tea culture combine with Taoism? Harmony between man and nature? The idea. Tea is produced in the forests of Shan Ye and contains Taoism? Indifference? 、? Quiet? 、? Back to the beginning? The charm, namely? People everywhere, the land follows the sky, the sky follows the Tao, and the Tao follows nature? . What about Buddhist tea culture? Bitter silence? Use tea to help Zen and observe the heart. Buddhists believe that tea can make people calm and gentle, which is suitable for Zen precepts. The spirits of various tea cultures have inherent similarities and similarities, that is, the spirit of harmony and peace. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea culture appeared the phenomenon of returning to simplicity. Tea people are more interested in the inner meaning of tea itself and seek a realm of unity of things and me.

Second, spread westward.

Tea and its derived tea culture originated in China, spread for thousands of years and had far-reaching influence. For thousands of years, tea has spread widely all over the world. China's tea drinking utensils and tea-making skills, together with China's traditional tea ceremony culture and unique oriental philosophy, have spread all over the world.

The tea trade between ancient China and other countries and regions mainly passed through the following routes: (1) Tea-Horse Ancient Road-Southwest, which spread to Tibet and India. In the alpine region, people need to eat high-calorie fat without vegetables. Excessive fat is not easy to decompose in the human body, and tea can not only decompose fat, but also prevent dryness and heat. (2) The Silk Road-it spread westward from China and Xinjiang to Central Asia. Among the goods traded through this long road, silk, porcelain and tea are the main export commodities. Tea, as a special product in ancient China, also spread to all countries in the world along the Silk Road. (3) Grassland Road-spread northward to today's Mongolia, Russia and the vast European region. (4) The road to the sea-from Japan and Korea in the east to Indochina Peninsula in the south, starting from Zheng He's voyage to the West in the Ming Dynasty, spread to Africa, Europe and America. The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties and was the main artery of ancient maritime transportation. The commodities from China are mainly silk, tea and porcelain.

Third, the concept of western tea culture

Due to the differences in human history and environmental conditions, it is manifested in the time of tea drinking and the cultural behavior of tea tasting. People in different countries and regions maintain different customs and habits, whether it is the object or the way to taste tea.

The United States is known as the coffee kingdom, but about half of the people drink tea and have created their own tea drinking culture. Most Americans who advocate fast pace like to drink iced tea, which is mainly for drinking and cooling, and is mostly instant tea without any traces of tea.

Germans like to drink scented tea, but not the tea made of jasmine and magnolia in China, but the tea made of apple, hawthorn and other petals and dried fruits. There is not a piece of tea in it. Really? Flowers without tea? . When Germans drink tea at home, the tea leaves placed on the metal sieve are constantly washed with boiling water, and the washed tea leaves flow into the teapot, and then the tea leaves are dumped, so the color of the tea leaves is very light, which has become unique to Germans? Making tea? habit

Drinking afternoon tea at 5 pm has become an established habit of many British families. Tea time can be said to be a wonderful time in a day full of warmth, happiness and expressiveness. The British are the largest tea drinkers in the world and one of the countries with the largest sales of tea in the world. An average person needs about 2 kilograms of tea a year. The per capita consumption of tea in Britain is three times that of China and India, with an average annual consumption of 2 kilograms.

Although this open way of drinking tea in the west has not risen to the philosophical height of the integration of heaven and earth like China's tea ceremony, it is based on the new life and tea drinking tradition, and it is generally positive.

Fourthly, compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and western tea culture.

Throughout the historical evolution of tea drinking in China and the West, although it was thousands of years apart, both of them were the first to realize the medicinal value of tea, began to drink it, and then developed into an ordinary drink; Tea also permeates political economy, literature and art, social life and other aspects. However, their tea tasting methods, tea drinking etiquette and tea ceremony spirit are different.

(A) the different ways of drinking. China tea is divided into two categories, one is? Sake? Do not add any ingredients that will destroy the original flavor of tea, just drink it with boiling water. What is the other category? Mixed drinking? That is, salt, sugar, milk and so on are added to tea according to personal taste. At present, this method is mainly concentrated in ethnic minority areas.

British people add milk and sugar to tea, remove theophylline, and turn bitter tea into a sweet drink suitable for their own taste. In addition, the British also transformed the tea itself. Bagged instant tea powder replaces tea leaves, while people in China are used to putting the whole tea leaves in boiling water.

(2) Different ways of drinking tea. For most people in China, drinking tea is always possible. Compared with the British, the culture of loving and respecting tea is much stronger. A typical British family drinks tea at least five times a day. When you wake up in the morning, the host will lie in bed and have a cup of morning tea to refresh himself. Morning tea is the best way to greet guests. At about 1 1 in the morning, it is black tea with tea; Drink milk tea for lunch; Around 5 pm is the famous afternoon tea; Drink farewell tea before going to bed at night. In addition, there are various tea banquets and garden tea parties.

(3) The spirit of tea ceremony is different. ? Harmony, tranquility, elegance and truth? China Tea Ceremony? Four truths? . ? And then what? It is the core of China's tea culture philosophy and the soul of tea ceremony. ? Quiet? This is the only way for China to practice tea ceremony. ? Just? It is the spiritual feeling in the practice of tea ceremony in China. ? Really? This is that ultimate pursuit of China tea ceremony. People in China often regard drinking tea as spiritual encouragement and emotional sustenance. Different from the tea ceremony in China, tea tasting in Britain is more lively and social, emphasizing elegant style.

refer to

[1] Li Xiangzhuang, Xu Xiaoling. China tea culture [M]. Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 2005.

[2] Guan Jianping. Tea and China culture [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 200 1.

[3] Xu Yongcheng. British tea culture [M]. Shanghai: Culture and Education Press, 1990 (4).

Chinese and Western Tea Culture Papers 2 Tea Culture in Romantic Countries

Although China and France are located at the two ends of Europe and Asia, separated by Qian Shan, they have a long history of cultural exchanges and exchanges since ancient times. This paper mainly focuses on the spread and exchange of Chinese traditional tea culture, analyzes the process of the spread and exchange of tea culture in France, and the great influence this cultural exchange has brought to the two countries. In addition, from the exchange of tea culture to the exchange and integration of traditional Chinese and French cultures, it is pointed out that in today's multicultural world, culture, an indispensable communication theme, plays an important role in foreign exchanges between countries.

Tea culture; France; Cultural communication; cultural exchange

Speaking of tea, we are proud that China is not only the origin of tea, but also rich in tea varieties, numerous tea producing areas and colorful tea culture. In addition, tea is undoubtedly the national drink of the Chinese nation, and it has also become one of the three non-alcoholic drinks that are popular all over the world. At present, with the spread and exchange of China tea culture in the world, the custom of drinking tea has spread all over the world, and tea has been planted in more than 50 countries in the world. Tracing back to the source, the initial consumption of tea, tea planting, tea drinking methods, cultivation techniques and processing techniques in countries all over the world were directly or indirectly spread from China. While spreading tea, the spread and communication of tea culture seems to conform to current events, which is natural. The spread and communication of tea culture is based on tea, and all kinds of cultures are spread through this carrier. It is an organic combination of tea and culture, which contains and embodies the distinctive material civilization and spiritual civilization in different periods. At the same time, due to the customs and cultural differences of different countries, tea culture will certainly shine different dazzling lights in the exchanges of countries around the world.

Speaking of culture and China, there is no doubt that China has been a country of etiquette since ancient times, and its profound cultural accumulation has contributed to the spread of world culture. When it comes to France, don't think about it. It is an extremely romantic country, and all aspects of social life, culture and art are permeated with aestheticism and romance. It is precisely because of this cultural atmosphere in France that when this romantic country accepts foreign cultures and pays attention to foreign cultural exchanges, it covers the romantic atmosphere more or less in both real life and spiritual level, and has different explanations for cultural acceptance, exchange and integration. Therefore, the spread and communication of China tea culture in France, with a fresh, elegant and romantic attitude, enriched the broad connotation of tea culture itself.

The spread and exchange of tea culture, in China, spreads from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to all parts of the country, that is, radiates from the southwest tea-producing area to the southeast and northeast; Internationally, although the time when tea first spread abroad is still controversial, most scholars believe that it was in the Han Dynasty. Since then, tea and tea culture have spread all over the world in Asia, Europe and Africa.

At present, in Europe, France, a romantic country, has become the fourth largest tea drinker in Europe, and its per capita tea consumption is second only to Ireland and Britain, and almost the same as that of Germany. In such a big tea consuming country, the introduction of tea culture in China experienced a unique process, and the exchange and integration of tea culture was inevitably endowed with a romantic cultural atmosphere.

China tea was introduced into France for nearly 400 years. The spread and exchange of tea culture in France can be divided into three stages, namely, the early introduction stage of tea culture in France, the exchange and integration stage of tea culture in France, and the rising stage of tea culture fever in France in recent 50 years.

First of all, from the early introduction stage of tea in France: 1636, Dutch merchants transported China's tea to Paris, France, and from then on, the French began to contact tea. In French, it's starting to happen. Too tea? This word. /kloc-in 0/700, a French ship named Amufulet brought back silk, porcelain and tea from China, which officially kicked off the direct tea trade between China and France. However, during this period, France's tea import trade was not independent, and most of them were imported into France together with other commodities. 1728, the French first set up a commercial base in Guangzhou to facilitate the purchase of tea from China. This is more convenient for the spread and exchange of tea culture in France.

At the beginning of the introduction of tea into France, the medical community once thought that tea might contain some medicinal ingredients and opposed drinking tea. Then, because the view that drinking tea is good for health won the final victory, drinking tea began to be accepted. However, due to the high price of tea, the initial drinking was only accepted by the royal family. Subsequently, due to the advocacy of the royal family, tea drinking gradually became popular in the upper class of Paris, France. At the same time, the formation of French tea culture was earlier than other European countries. The reason is that romantic French people can experience the taste and artistic conception of tea culture from the spiritual level while accepting tea. French upper class regards tea as a noble drink, and educated people drink tea together, trying to discover a profound and distant culture from tea itself. In the way of drinking tea, the nobles in this period began to try other ways of drinking tea, such as adding milk to tea. In addition, French literati also started literary creation with tea as the object, such as Monte's Ode to Tea. In a word, the introduction of early tea and the formation of culture were limited to the French aristocracy, and did not penetrate into the people of all walks of life in France.

Secondly, the spread and integration stage of tea culture in France: after the French Revolution, with the disappearance of the aristocratic class, tea is no longer just an aristocratic drink, and the wind of drinking tea has become popular among the general public. During this period, more and more varieties of China tea were introduced to France, and tea merchants specializing in tea import began to appear in France. Later, some tea merchants or tea-based businesses appeared in Paris and other places. All these provide more convenient conditions for Sino-French tea trade and a broader space for Sino-French tea culture exchange. At this time, France started the trial planting of tea trees while operating the tea trade, but it ended in failure. With the entry of Lao She's Teahouse into France, it brought the teahouse fever in France. In the eyes of romantic French people, they especially like to have tea with their family and friends in the teahouse outside. They think that drinking tea embodies the spirit of unity and harmony. This preference for drinking tea also directly promoted the development of French teahouse industry.

In addition, the development of French tea culture in this period is also reflected in the rise of afternoon tea drinking in France. With the progress of French industrialization and the acceleration of people's life rhythm, the appearance of afternoon tea, a kind of snack, just adapted to the French life rhythm and gradually became popular in France. All these can show that during this period, the spread of tea culture in France has firmly established a certain foundation. The French people have developed the connotation of tea culture according to their own pace of life, their own cultural atmosphere and needs, and also made positive contributions to the richness of tea tasting types and methods.

Thirdly, in the past 50 years, tea culture fever has gradually arisen in France. During this period, the import and sales of French tea reached the latest level in history. French teahouses in China have mushroomed in almost every city. At this time, the tea drinking group has expanded to all levels of society, and they often go in and out of teahouses for tea breaks. Many French people believe that tea has brought them new taste enjoyment, and tea culture has injected fresh content into their lives. In the eyes of the French, tea has become synonymous with the most romantic and poetic drink. In the creation of many French literati, descriptions and references about tea and tea culture began to appear frequently. In France, most French people, like China people, regard tea not only as a drink imported from the East, but also as a good product to purify their souls. In this way, the essence of tea and the indifferent and pure connotation of tea culture have been well supplemented and interpreted through the spread and development of tea culture in France.

With the passage of time, with the gradual deepening of the spread of tea culture in France, the French people accepted the tea culture from an ancient and long-standing nation, spread and enriched it. With the development of the times and the close trade and communication, tea culture presents more colorful types and styles in the communication in France. Since 2000, the Sino-French tea culture exchange has been presented to the world with unprecedented depth and breadth, showing a scene of prosperity. Among them, the most important form of communication is to fully interpret the long-standing charm of tea culture through tea exhibitions, tea culture weeks, tea culture festivals and other forms. In the fusion of these cultural displays, the French people have better appreciated the lofty artistic charm of China tea ceremony according to their own understanding of China tea culture; Appreciate the exquisite skills of Chinese tea art; Appreciate the profound connotation of China tea culture; Appreciate the cultural purpose of China, a country with profound cultural heritage.

Of course, the aforementioned spread of tea culture in France and its spread in France are all based on the dominant position of tea culture export in China. Of course, while accepting and developing China tea culture, French should also pay attention to its enrichment and development. According to records, in the teahouse opened by the French in Shanghai, guests can not only taste authentic China tea, but also taste authentic French tea. In addition, there are many varieties of French milk tea and French afternoon tea for guests to taste and enjoy. From this perspective, the spread of tea culture and even the whole national culture is undoubtedly extremely open and inclusive.

The times are advancing, the world is developing and cultures are merging. We all have reason to believe that in today's economic globalization and cultural diversification, with the further deepening and development of Sino-French tea culture exchanges, the tea culture of China and France will develop better in the process of mutual reference and absorption; In addition, in the increasingly close international exchange of seeking common ground while reserving differences, the traditional cultures of China and France will certainly have more harmonious and beautiful development prospects.

refer to

[1] Liu Pubing. On the evolution of French tea culture [J]. Journal of anyang normal University, 2006,5.

[2] Liu Jiansheng. Cultural differences and knowledge between China and France [J]. Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2008,6:10-15.

[3] check the culvert. Audiences in western Europe cheer for oriental tea art —— A side note of Nanchang Women's Vocational School Tea Art Troupe's visit to Lyon, France [J]. Agricultural archaeology, June 2003.