Lujiao second book of geography knowledge combing

Chapter V, China's four geographic regions Section I, the division of the four major geographic regions

1, the reasons for the division of the region: according to the different needs of the division, a region can be multiple "identity", the same type of region, can be divided into different scales or different levels of the region.

2, the types of regions: natural regions (tropical, Yangtze River Delta, etc.), economic regions (industrial areas, etc.), administrative regions.

3, China's vast territory, the geography of different regions vary greatly. According to the geographical location, natural environment and human geographic characteristics of different places, China is divided into four major geographic regions, namely, the northern region, the southern region, the northwestern region and Qinghai-Tibet region. Among them, the monsoon area roughly includes the northern and southern regions of the four major geographic regions; the non-monsoon area roughly includes the northwestern region and the Qinghai-Tibet region.

Note: P5 activities 1, 2, 3 and P4 Figure 5.4

4, Qinling - - Huaihe River line of geographic significance: ① it is China's southern region and the northern region of the demarcation line; ② roughly equivalent to China's winter in January 0 ℃ isothermal line; ③ is the country's annual precipitation of 800 millimeters of precipitation line roughly through the place; ④ is China's semi-moist areas and humid areas of the demarcation line; ⑤ is China's warm temperate zone and subtropical demarcation line.

Section 2: Northern and Southern Regions

Comparison Items

North of the Qinling-Huaihe River

South of the Qinling-Huaihe River

Differences in Natural Landscapes

Mean Temperatures in January

Below 0°C

Above 0°C

Annual precipitation

Between 400-800 millimeters

More than 800 millimeters

Climate type

Temperate monsoon climate

Subtropical and tropical monsoon climate

Predominant topography

Plains and plateaus dominate <

Plains and basins interspersed with plateaus and hills

Vegetation types

Temperate deciduous broadleaf forests

Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests

River flow

Small

Large

River with or without ice-over

Yes

None

Differences in human landscape

Farming system

Crop ripening

One year or two years of ripening

Two to three years of ripening

Type of cultivated land

Dryland

Paddy

Grain crops

Wheat

Rice

Oil crops

Groundnut

Oilseed rape

Sugar crops

Sugar beet

Sugarcane

Cash crops

Cotton, cereals, soybeans, etc.

Cotton

Traditional dwellings

Smaller slopes, thicker walls

Larger roof slopes, higher walls

Traditional modes of transportation <

Land transportation mainly (horse-drawn carriages)

Water transportation (boats)

Traditional sports

Skiing, ice-skating

Dragon boat races, swimming

Section III, Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet

I. Northwest China:

1. The topography of the Northwest China region is characterized by plateaus and basins. Climate is dominated by arid and semi-arid temperate continental climate; vegetation landscape from east to west in order of grassland, desert grassland, desert (reason: precipitation from west to east is getting less and less); large areas of the western basin in the distribution of deserts; only in the rim of the basin appeared scarce oasis. There are few rivers in the Northwest, and most of them are endorheic and seasonal.

All this shows that the northwest region is an arid as the main natural characteristics of the region.P12 activities 1, 2

2, Qinghai-Tibet region due to the high terrain and become a unique region, Qinghai-Tibet region, including the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, the western part of Sichuan Province; the climate of the alpine climate is dominated by the topography of the plateau, mountainous terrain. The average altitude is more than 4,000 meters above sea level, and it is known as the "Roof of the World". River characteristics: many rivers and lakes, is the birthplace of large rivers. The most important natural feature of the region is the high temperature.

3, the northwest and Qinghai-Tibet region are China's major pastoral areas, pasture and the main livestock species have their own characteristics.

Northwest region

Qingtang region

Types of pastures

Grassland pastures in Inner Mongolia, mountain pastures in Xinjiang

Alpine pastures in Qinghai and Tibet

Main livestock species

Three-horse, three rivers of cattle, fine-wooled sheep

Yak, Tibetan sheep, beach goat

Types of plantation

Irrigated agriculture (Ningxia Plain, Hexi Corridor, foothills of Tianshan Mountains)

River valley agriculture (Huangshui Valley, South Tibetan Valley)

Main crops

Wheat, maize, long-staple cotton, melons, etc.

Wheat, barley

4, Northwest China's ecological environment construction

Sand and dust storms formation: Northwest China due to drought and water shortage, low vegetation coverage, sloppy management, overloaded grazing and blind reclamation, sandy area expanding year by year is the main cause of sand and dust storms in the north.

At present, the people in the northwest are rebuilding the ecological environment in the west through measures and techniques such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands, constructing ecological forests, vigorously developing artificial pastures, and popularizing pen-raising and fencing to cultivate grass.

5. Rich Energy and Mineral Resources in Qinghai-Tibet P14 Activity 2

①Rich Solar Energy Resources: Because of the high terrain in this region, the air is thin, the transparency is good, the sun's rays pass through, the heat loss is less, and reach the ground more. Lhasa is known as the "Sunshine City". More than 1000 hours, Yangbajing geothermal station.

②The birthplace of great rivers: high altitude, cold climate, less evaporation, ice melt water as the main source of rivers.

③Chaidamu Basin-Jubilee Basin, Charkhan Salt Lake area.

6, the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet region: the protection of the source of the three rivers

The source area of the three rivers located in Qinghai Province is known as the "Chinese water tower", is 49% of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River 25%, the Lancang River 15% upstream of the most important water conservation area.

Long-term and irrational logging, grazing and farming - lake shrinkage, wetland degradation, runoff reduction, serious degradation of grasslands, rapid desertification of the soil, the number of Tibetan antelope, wild asses dramatically reduced, the ecological environment has been seriously deteriorated - restoration of forests and grasslands vegetation, management of degraded pastures, to improve the ecological environment of the Three Rivers headwaters area.

Chapter 6, recognizing provincial areas Section 1, Beijing

I. Geographic location:

1. Located on the northern edge of the North China Plain, 150km from the Bohai Sea in the east, south-east of Tianjin, the rest of the three sides of the Hebei Province is surrounded. Roughly located at 40 degrees north latitude, 116 degrees east longitude.

2, Beijing's physical and geographic features: ① topography: northwest and northeast of the mountains on three sides, high terrain, southeast is part of the North China Plain; ② climate: Beijing is a typical warm temperate continental monsoon climate: cold and dry winters, hot and rainy summers;

Two, Beijing's urban functions:

Beijing is the country of our country's politics, culture, and the center of international exchanges : ① Beijing is China's political center: China's highest power institutions - the National People's Congress, China's highest administrative organ - the State Council and the Party Central Committee, etc. are in Beijing; ② Beijing is China's cultural center: Beijing has Peking University, Qinghua, the National People's Congress, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other hundreds of institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions, as well as from more stadiums, various museums, many national arts and cultural groups; ③ Beijing is an important center of international exchanges in China, Beijing, there are many foreign embassies, international organizations, overseas business representatives, foreign news stations in Beijing, and other international exchanges, international conferences are also frequently held here.

Three, the long history of the old city

1, the old city pattern: the old city pattern was formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city's buildings are arranged in a checkerboard shape, the Imperial Palace is located in the center, through the center of the

there is a north-south extension and make the city symmetrical axis, was "convex" type, the houses are generally facing south. The houses are generally oriented towards the north and south.

2, Beijing has a myriad of attractions, the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Great Wall, Zhoukoudian Peking ape ruins, Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, etc., of which the Forbidden City in Beijing is the world's largest and most well-preserved palace complex.

3, Beijing city site since the Liao Dynasty in the space of two major changes, are closely related to water.

Four, city modernization

1. City modernization is manifested in all aspects of the economy, such as convenient and fast transportation, information access, beautiful environment, full-featured, advanced facilities, culture, education, scientific research level is very high, etc.;

2. Beijing is the heart and soul of China, is the symbol of China, so Beijing must be towards the direction of the development of a modern metropolis, because Beijing is an ancient city of history and culture, and history profoundly influences today. Therefore, in the construction and development of Beijing, attention should be paid to maintaining the pattern of the old city and the original style and manners while constructing modern buildings, which makes Beijing's appear a special landscape where tradition and modernity coexist.

3. In order to achieve the rapid development of Beijing's modernization and to enhance its international competitiveness and service functions, Beijing has, on the one hand, increased the construction of infrastructure and, on the other hand, actively developed the high-tech industry, so as to make Beijing more and more of an international modern metropolis with the coordinated development of people and land.

Section II, Special Administrative Regions---Hong Kong and Macao

I. Location and Territorial Composition of Hong Kong and Macao

Hong Kong and Macao are located at the southeast end of mainland China, on the east and west sides of the mouth of the Pearl River respectively, and neighboring Guangdong Province. Hong Kong consists of three parts: Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, and more than 200 surrounding islands. Macau consists of the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island.

2. Hong Kong has a large population and a small land area, and its topography is characterized by more mountains and less flat land. There are two ways of expanding urban building land: "going up" - building high-rise buildings; and "going down" - reclaiming the sea for roads.

3. Hong Kong's developed economy - "The Pearl of the Orient" and "Shopper's Paradise"

1. Hong Kong's tertiary industry is very well developed, making it the International Trade Center, Financial Center, Transportation Center, Information Service Center and Tourism Center

2, Hong Kong's well-developed re-export trade, relying on the following conditions: ① superior geographic location; ② flexible economic policy (free trade port) ③ close ties with the motherland. p36 page 6, 20 charts Hong Kong and the motherland's advantageous and complementary relationship

The motherland is Hong Kong's largest re-export trading partner.

Principles of economic cooperation between Hong Kong and the Mainland: economic cooperation, complementarity of strengths and mutual benefits.

Export products: garments, electronic and electrical appliances, material products, textiles, clocks and watches, toys production of consumer goods-based, labor-intensive.

Third, Macao's economy and development strategy

Macao's economic development is an important economic pillar of the gaming tourism industry.

Section III, the motherland's sacred territory --- Taiwan Province

1, geographic location: Taiwan Province, including the island of Taiwan, as well as the nearby Penghu Islands, Diaoyu Islands, and many other small islands, Taiwan Island is China's largest island in area, which is north of the East China Sea, east of the Pacific Ocean, south of the South China Sea, and the west across the Taiwan Strait and Fujian Province.

Activity 2 on page P39: Taiwan is part of the territory of the motherland.

2. Taiwan's topographical features: mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for 2/3 of the area, and plains mainly in the west. Among them, Jade Mountain is the highest peak,

3, Taiwan is a rich island, the natural environment is superior, forests, minerals, aquatic and other resources are very rich, known as the "motherland southeast of the Pearl of the Sea.

4, Taiwan is a subtropical, tropical monsoon climate, warm and humid, the western plains of fertile land, producing rice, sugar cane, tea and tropical and subtropical fruits. More than half of the island's land is covered with dense forests, and is known as "Asia's Natural Botanical Garden". The camphor tree is the most famous tree in Taiwan, and the production of camphor is the highest in the world.

In addition, Taiwan is also known as the "rice warehouse on the sea, the sweet island of the Orient, the land of fruits, the sea of forests, and the salt reservoir of the Southeast".

P41Activities 1 and 3.

The reasons for Taiwan's richness in products:

Low latitude (the Tropic of Cancer passes through the center of Taiwan), the sea on all sides; tropical and subtropical monsoon climates; plate junctions; mountainous topography; and short, rapid rivers.

5. Before the 1960s, Taiwan's economy was dominated by agriculture and agricultural products, exporting sugar, pineapples, rice, and camphor. Since the 1960s, Taiwan has focused on the development of the export processing industry, forming an "import-processing-export" type of economy.

6, Taiwan's industrial mainly in Taipei, Taichung, Kaohsiung, etc., they are in Taiwan's western coastal plain, affecting the formation of this distribution characteristics of the factors are topographic conditions, transportation conditions, population distribution, development of a long history. Hsinchu is called "Taiwan's Silicon Valley".

6. Since the 1960s, Taiwan's tertiary industry has risen considerably, the secondary industry has fluctuated with a small increase, and the primary industry has continued to decline, which explains the rapid development of Taiwan's economy.

Section IV---Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

I. Geographic Location:

It is the provincial-level administration with the largest number of neighboring countries in China, and it is the largest provincial-level administration in the country, with Uygurs and Han Chinese as the main multi-ethnic areas.

Two, the natural environment:

1, terrain: three mountains sandwiched between two basins, Altun Mountain, Junggar Basin, Tianshan Mountain, Tarim Basin, Kunlun Mountains.

2. Rivers: rivers are scarce, mainly inland rivers.

The two main rivers in the region: the Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, and the Irtysh River, a river that injects into the Arctic Ocean.

3. Climate - arid. Reason: Because it is far away from the ocean and surrounded by high mountains, air currents from the ocean are not easy to reach, so Xinjiang has scanty precipitation and an arid climate.

Impact: the climate is arid with little rain, so the water mainly comes from the high mountain ice and snow glacier melt water. In this ice glacier melt water moisturizing, in the foothills on the edge of the basin appeared a lot of oasis, Xinjiang's population of cities and so on is also concentrated in the distribution of these oases.

4, Xinjiang (oasis) is the most important agricultural production base, where the summer (high temperature), (light) adequate, (big temperature difference between day and night), suitable for a variety of crops. People use the ancient water diversion project (Kanye Well), the development of distinctive (irrigated) agriculture. （Wheat, corn and sorghum are the main crops here. Based on the unique light and heat conditions, (cotton, sugar beets and a variety of melons and fruits) become the oasis of Xinjiang's specialty agricultural products. p. P48, Figure 6.36

5, energy development: Xinjiang's oil and gas reserves account for about 1/3 of the country's total land-based reserves, of which the natural gas resources in the Tarim Basin account for the country's total land-based natural gas reserves of 22℅.

In order to stabilize the eastern part of the country and vigorously develop the western part of the country, the state has implemented the "West-East Gas Pipeline" project, which starts from Lunan in the Tarim Basin and ends in Shanghai, i.e., it is aimed at the Yangtze River Delta region. Overview of the West-East Natural Gas Pipeline and the benefits brought to the East and West,

P52 page Figure 6.40

Chapter VII, understanding the provincial region, Section I, open to the sea - the Pearl River Delta

1, geographic location: is located in the southeast of Guangdong Province, the lower reaches of the Pearl River, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and Southeast Asia, across the sea. It is known as the "Southern Gate" of China.

2, to become the frontier of opening up to the outside world favorable conditions: ① location factors: south of the South China Sea, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and Southeast Asia across the sea, geographically advantageous, convenient land and sea transportation, known as China's "South Gate"; ② human factors: densely populated, rich labor resources. Has a historical tradition of opening up to the outside world, many places are famous overseas Chinese hometowns; ③ policy factors: the implementation of the State of the Pearl River Delta region "open to the outside world, give priority to the development of" (set up special zones, open up the whole, the first to be rich with the rich) of the policy.

3, export-oriented economy: processing manufacturing industry as the leading industry, export-oriented business direction.

4. The main source of foreign capital in the Pearl River Delta region is Hong Kong and Macao, and products are also mainly exported through Hong Kong and Macao trade channels to Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, Oceania and other regions, earning a large amount of foreign exchange. By the end of the 20th century, it had become one of the world's largest production and export bases for electronics and daily consumer goods.

The division of labor between them is "front store and back factory", with "front store" referring to Hong Kong and Macao and "back factory" referring to the Pearl River Delta region.

5. Comparison between Liao-Zhong-South and Pearl River Delta: Activity 3 on page 63

6. Driving effect of export-oriented economy: It promotes the development of service industries such as catering, entertainment, transportation and urbanization.

7. Main manifestations of urbanization: growth of non-agricultural population and expansion of the number and size of towns.

Section II, the southwest border of the characteristics of the tourist area - Xishuangbanna

I. Geographic location:

1, located in the southern part of Yunnan Province, China's southwest border, south of the Tropic of Cancer, is located in the southernmost Hengduan Mountain Range, the southern part of the border with Laos, Myanmar, but also to the Lancang River - Mekong River, Thailand, Vietnam and other waterways connected. Vietnam and other waterways.

2, due to the influence of the moist southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean, Xishuangbanna's climate is a tropical monsoon climate, high temperatures throughout the year, there is a clear distinction between the dry season and the rainy season.

Under the influence of the tropical monsoon climate, Xishuangbanna has formed a primitive tropical rain forest landscape. It is the most well-preserved primitive tropical rainforest in China, except for Hainan Province, with tall lookout trees, plank roots, strangler plants, solanaceous trees, Asian elephants, green peacocks, and long-tailed apes.

Second, rich tourism resources

1, it is located at the border, can be close to the development of border tourism and outbound tourism;

2, it is located in a superior geographic position, the landscape is unique, there are rich in animal and plant resources. It is known as the "Kingdom of Tropical Animals".

3, where the concentration of ethnic minorities, cultural heritage, ethnic flavor attractive.

Note: The main ethnic minority in Xishuangbanna is the Dai, who live in bamboo buildings, eat bamboo rice, celebrate the Water Festival and dance the peacock dance. These cultural practices and the relationship between the natural environment. P69 page activity 2

Three, the booming tourism industry

1, for a long time, Xishuangbanna region to agricultural production, since the mid-1980s, in the country and Yunnan Province under the encouragement of the relevant policies, Xishuangbanna by virtue of the unique location and resource advantages, so that the rapid rise of tourism as an important pillar industry, promoting the economic development of Xishuangbanna.

2. Reasons for the decline of tourism: ① Increase in the number of neighboring attractions; ② Scattering of local attractions; ③ Lack of morality of unscrupulous vendors; ④ Pressure on the ecological environment; ⑤ Attractions are more or less the same.

Revitalization Countermeasures: P73Activities 3 ① To scientifically and reasonably develop, utilize, and protect the tourism resources; ② To carry out the strategy of sustainable development.

Chapter 8, Understanding Interprovincial Regions Section 1, The Loess Plateau, a special terrain area with long gullies and ravines

I. Geographic Location and Scope:

1. It starts from the Taihang Mountains in the east, and extends to the Ussuri Mountains in the west, and the Qinling Mountains in the south, and the Great Wall in the north, and it straddles the four provinces and regions of Jin, Shaanxi, Gan, and Ningxia.

2, the formation of loess material: wind into the theory - that loess is blown from the deserts of Central Asia, Mongolia, the Gobi formed.

3, loess landscape: loess plateau, loess beams, loess mount

Two, serious soil erosion P81 Activity 1

1, the causes of soil erosion: (1), the natural factors are mainly topography, rainfall, soil (ground material composition), vegetation, etc.; ① topography is generally mountainous, and the slope is large; ② precipitation is mainly concentrated in July and August, and heavy rainfall; ③ topography is generally mountainous, and slope is large; ② precipitation is mainly concentrated in July and August, and heavy rainfall; (3) the main factors are the topography of the country. and more rainstorms; ③ loess structure loose, many substances soluble in water; ④ surface bare bare, lack of vegetation protection. (2), human factors: ① deforestation, destruction of grass, steep slopes destroyed ground vegetation; ② mining, road construction does not pay attention to soil and water conservation destroyed ground vegetation and stable terrain, while a large number of waste soil and stone randomly dumped into the river gorge, resulting in new sand loss.

P81 page activity 3: soil erosion-prone areas: Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin, northern China mountainous areas. Formation conditions: generally high precipitation and large seasonal differences in precipitation; the terrain is generally mountainous with large surface slopes.

2, the consequences of soil erosion. p80

three, fragile ecological environment

1, the loess plateau human-earth relations vicious circle: p83 figure 8.10.

2, the loess plateau ecological environment fragile causes: p84 activity 2.

3, the loess plateau the most important natural disasters are droughts and floods. There are also landslides, landslides and mudslides.

4, ecological construction measures:① take biological measures such as planting trees and grasses combined with engineering measures such as building terraces, repairing retaining dams, control soil erosion; ② rationalization of production activities, such as steep slopes fallow return to forests and grasses, and overgrazing places to reduce the number of grazing livestock.

5, measures to solve the Loess Plateau of more people and less land: ① strengthen family planning, strict control of population growth, improve the quality of the population; ② ecologically fragile areas of the population to move to other places, the establishment of new villages for immigrants; ③ the government departments should vigorously publicize the provision of food and subsidies to the farmers, so they respond to the call for retrenchment, and actively carry out ecological construction; ④ Loess Plateau in the process of ecological construction should be tailored to suit the local conditions, according to the ecological construction process. In the process of ecological construction on the Loess Plateau, it is necessary to develop a variety of businesses according to the local natural conditions, to improve income and solve the problem of the Loess Plateau's large number of people and small amount of land.

Section II - the river as the lifeline of the region - the Yangtze River coastal zone

I. Geographic location and scope: P87 activities 1, 2

1, geographic location: the Yangtze River along the zone from Shanghai in the east to Sichuan Panzhihua in the west, east and west stretches more than 3,000 kilometers; north and south width of the Yangtze River along both sides of the 100-200 km range. --200 kilometers range. It is a typical belt-shaped area.

Topographic areas spanned from east to west: the plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sichuan Basin, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

Most of them are located between 25° - 35° north latitude, the Yangtze River main stream crosses the east and west, inland navigation is developed, the eastern part of the region, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang has a pivotal position in the national maritime transportation network, the ocean transportation is well developed, and the geographic location is very advantageous.

2, blessed with natural conditions: ① terrain terrain: the general appearance of relatively low and flat, mainly plains, low hills; ② climate: a subtropical monsoon climate, (climate characteristics: P75 Figure 8.18) good water and heat conditions; ③ rivers: dense network of rivers, lakes, water resources; ④ natural resources are abundant, such as water and hydroelectric resources, forest resources, wildlife resources, tourism resources, agricultural resources, mineral resources and so on.

Second, the link along the river and radiation

1, the role of the link between the East and the West: P89 Figure 8.22

①Western regions can take advantage of the river and the sea transport, access to the international market; ② along the river from east to west will be the commercial centers of Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing, etc., connected, and has become a link between the East and West trade; ③ along the river is the eastern coastal industries to the central and western corridor. industry to the central and western corridor; ④ along the river is the eastern technology, information to the central and western pass, the transfer of the channel.

2, the role of radiation north and south: P90 activity 1 through the many north-south tributaries and transportation arteries, its economic and technological advantages can be radiated to the north and south, so that the economy of China's north and south as one.

3, ① radiation along the Yangtze River along the basis and conditions - strong agricultural and industrial base, the development of its high-tech and related industries in the country's leading level, convenient land and water transportation; ② radiation along the Yangtze River zone power - the most dynamic high-tech and related industries. The power of the radiation of the Yangtze River zone - the most dynamic high-tech and related industries; ③ The direction of the radiation of the Yangtze River zone - from the local to the north and south; ④ The significance of the radiation of the Yangtze River zone - the economic and technological advantages of the Yangtze River zone, so that China's north and south economic integration, and strengthen the inter-regional economic cooperation. inter-regional economic cooperation.

3. Cities along the Yangtze River

1. The Yangtze River is the lifeline for the formation and continuous development of cities along the river.

2. Relying on the Yangtze River's convenient shipping and abundant water resources, four megacities have been formed along the Yangtze River, namely, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing, as well as four urban agglomerations centered on them. (Figure 8 and 26 on page 92)

3. These megacities are the economic, cultural and transportation centers of the region, and they have a strong radiation and driving effect on the economic development of the region and beyond. Activity 1 and 2 on page 92

4. Differences in density of urban distribution along the Yangtze River: lower density in the upper reaches of the river, and denser distribution of towns and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the river, especially in the Yangtze River delta region.

Four, industry along the river zone

1, the four major industrial bases: ① formed by Shanghai, Ningxia and Hangzhou and other cities in China's largest comprehensive industrial belt; ② Wuhan as the center of the industrial belt is China's iron and steel, textile industry, an important base; ③ power, metallurgy and other industrial bases centered in Yichang, Chongqing; ④ Panzhihua, Liupanshui as the center of the iron and steel and coal industrial bases. The formation conditions of the four major industrial bases and their relationship with natural resources.

2, the two "industrial corridor" prototype: ① iron and steel industrial corridor: along the river area of Shanghai Baoshan, Anhui Maanshan, Wuhan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan Panzhihua and other iron and steel industrial bases; ② automotive industrial corridor: along the river area of Shanghai (Santana, Buick, Saio), Nanjing (Iveco), Wuhan, Chongqing (Jialing, Yingang) and other automobile corridors. Jialing, Yingang) and other automobile motorcycle base.

3, (P95 activities) between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the collaboration: in the active development of the regional economy at the same time, in accordance with the "complementary advantages, mutual benefit, joint action, *** with the development of the principle of" the middle and upper reaches of the region's rich electric power resources, the advantages of the market is vast and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River capital, Technology, talent and management advantages combined with a wide range of multi-form, wide-area, all-round joint collaboration, the formation of the Yangtze River Economic Belt new development advantages.

V. Ecological environment and governance:

Serious soil erosion in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most concentrated, frequent and serious areas of flooding; environmental pollution along the Yangtze River is becoming increasingly serious, mainly water pollution and acid rain pollution.

Erosion: ① mainly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; ② causes: deforestation, steep slopes reclamation, resulting in decreasing forest area, soil erosion is becoming increasingly serious; ③ Hazard: P96 Figure 8.31; ④ prevention and control measures: P97 Activity 1

Flooding: ① the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the most concentrated, most frequent, the most serious areas of floods; ② causes: P86 Activity 2 ③ Hazard: so that people's lives and property suffered huge losses; the ecological environment of the affected areas were hit hard, often difficult to recover for several years. ④ prevention and control measures: P98 Activity 2

Water pollution: ① mainly occurs in the Yangtze River mainstem area ② causes: farmland drainage, industrial sewage, domestic sewage. P96 reading materials

③ hazards: contamination of water sources, affecting the quality of drinking water, endangering the safety of human and biological life; ④ prevention and control measures: P98 Activity 3 to strengthen the prevention and control of industrial pollution and do a good job of environmental remediation work, the existing pollution sources to take practical and effective measures, deadline management, on schedule in the standard.

Acid Rain Pollution: Central China, Southwest China, East China's three major acid rain areas

① Central China, Southwest China, East China's three major acid rain areas, of which Central China's acid rain area has now become the country's largest range of acid rain pollution, the center of the highest intensity of acid rain area; ② causes: the extensive use of coal, oil and other chemical fuels, various emissions; ③ harm: make the acidification of rivers and lakes, soil acidification; corrosion of buildings caused by the and cultural relics and monuments; harm to human health. Preventive measures: reduce the use of coal, switch to natural gas, solar energy and other clean energy. The "West-East Gas Pipeline" can improve the environment of the region.

Chapter 9: China Going Global

I. Promoting Sustainable Regional Development

1. The vastness of the country and the regional differences are one of the basic national conditions of China, so (1) we should make the best use of the situation, promote the strengths and avoid the weaknesses, and make the best use of the local conditions. (2) We should strengthen the regional links, give full play to our respective strengths, and divide the work for the mutual benefit of the region, so as to make the full use of the resources.

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2. To give full play to regional advantages is the premise of regional cooperation, cooperation between regions is precisely the complementarity between regional advantages.

II. Development in the world

1. China is a large developing country with a large population and a low per capita GNP, which is another basic national condition of our country;

2. The development trend of multi-polarization and globalization in the world nowadays has driven the close contact and multi-faceted cooperation among various countries, and at the same time, the competition is also becoming more and more intense. Development, competition in cooperation, competition in cooperation, *** with the development; as shown in Figure 9.2

3. Humanity is facing population, resources, environmental problems.

4. Why China added to the WTO? ① China is a developing country, the comprehensive national strength is gradually increasing, from the point of view of their own development needs, to join the WTO, integration into the world, the development of their own strengths, open to the outside world, can promote the development of the motherland; ② from the point of view of the development of globalization, to join the WTO, to strengthen cooperation with the rest of the world is the development of ways; ③ join the WTO, to *** with the solution to the problems faced by mankind. *** with the solution of population, resources, environment and other problems facing mankind, to promote world peace, sustainable development and progress of human society.