What are the four classical gardens in China?

The four famous gardens in Suzhou are Canglang Pavilion in Song Dynasty, Lion Forest in Yuan Dynasty, Humble Administrator's Garden in Ming Dynasty and Lingering Garden in Qing Dynasty.

1. Shiyuan Wang

Originally the former site of Shiwan Juantang in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was named "Fishing Hidden" and was later abandoned. Rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Master Wang Garden with the meaning of "fish hiding". This garden is famous for its compact layout, exquisite architecture and coordinated spatial scale. It is the representative of medium-sized gardens in Suzhou.

The garden is located on the west side of the house with a large pool in the middle, covering an area of about half an acre. There is a water inlet in the northwest corner and southeast corner of the pool bank, which has deep twists and turns and an inexhaustible sense of origin. There are rocks, rockeries, flowers and trees, pavilions and pavilions along the pool. The "Yungang" of Huangshi rockery is small in size, but its position and shape are very suitable. Because of the low terrain of the pool, the buildings near the pool are close to the water surface, and the rocks and flowers are not high, which makes the water surface appear open. Cong Guixuan, the main hall of China, is located between peaks, stones and beeches. It has a balcony leading to the residence on the left and a pavilion on the west side on the right. Zhuoying Shuige faces a branch porch outside the bamboo forest in the north of the pool, and the duck-shooting gallery in the east is far from the Yuefeng Pavilion in the west. These buildings have different shapes and exquisite decorations, and their reflections are reflected in the blue waves together with the sky and clouds, adding beautiful scenery to the garden. On the north bank of the pond, there are white-skinned old pines, which are flourishing and have colorful and ancient trunks. Further north, Kansongdu Painting Gallery, Jixuzhai, Wufeng Bookstore, Dianchunyi and other buildings are all places where gardeners used to study and paint, with spacious and quiet layout.

2. Lion Grove

From the end of Yuan Dynasty to Mindfulness (134 1- 1367), Tian Ru was built by a Zen master, originally named Shilin Temple, and later changed to Bodhi Authentic Temple; Because there are many strange stones under the bamboo forest in Temple North Garden, which look like lions, it is also called Lion Forest. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, this was the garden of Bei's Ancestral Hall. The main buildings are concentrated in the east and north sides, and the west and south sides are decorated with cloisters. The water surface gathers in the center, and the famous rockery is located in the southeast of the pool.

At present, the entrance can reach Yu Yan Hall, the main hall in the garden. This hall and the small square hall behind it were originally the banquet places of the garden owners, and adopted the form of Yuanyang Hall. There is a "flower street" in the front yard, and a lake stone flower terrace is set at the south end, which makes the environment elegant and quiet. From the small square halls in the north and west to Bai Xuan, it is another main building of the park, which is two stories high and has a big shape. There is a small stone arch bridge in the south of Yueting, that is, a big stone rockery. Rockery rockeries are all made of lake stones, with an area of less than 2 mu, and there are many strange peaks, among which caves and valleys are circuitous, and the stone paths are circuitous up and down, just like entering a maze.

In the west of the garden, there are three streams, waterfalls, pavilions and artificial waterfalls. Water flows from the pond through the rocks into the deep stream. Although the flow is not large, it is short-lived, and it is still a unique way to manage water in the park.

The water surface in the north of the pool is bounded by curved bridges and lake pavilions, and there are stone boats in the northwest corner. Its appearance is not traditional in China, and it is out of harmony with the surrounding scenery. On the north bank of the pond, the Lotus Hall, the True Interest Hall and the Dark Fragrant House are arranged in turn, which are the main attractions in the garden and have their own characteristics. A corridor was built in the southeast, connecting Tang Xue and the small courtyard.

Stay in the park

Originally the East Garden of Xu Shitai, the official of Taibu Temple in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt by Liu Shu in Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty. It was called Hanbilou, commonly known as Liuyuan. At that time, it was famous for its twelve beautiful lake peaks. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War in the Qing Dynasty, Suzhou gardens were mostly destroyed by military strategists, but this garden existed alone. In the early years of Guangxu, he changed his name and stayed in the park. Now Lingering Garden is roughly divided into four districts: Central District (Old Hanbi Building), East District, North District and West District.

The entrance of Liuyuan Park is on the north side of Liuyuan Road, along the winding corridor and patio to the north, which is the green porch. Through the leaky window, you can vaguely see the garden scenery in the central area. There is a water surface in the middle of the central area, which is divided into two parts: Quqiao and Xiaopenglai Island. The Huangshi rockery on the northwest bank of the pool was built in the Ming Dynasty. Buildings are arranged around the city wall, and the main buildings are Qingfengchi Pavilion to Hanbishanfang in the southeast. The main hall is Hanbi Mountain House, with a platform facing the pool in the north and a courtyard in the south. This hall is in sharp contrast with the adjacent homestay buildings and green pavilions. The Quxi Building in Dong Chi is two stories high, with empty windows and cave doors on the lower floor, which breaks the heavy wall feeling. Further north, through the West Building, you can reach the Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion on the east side, which is the largest existing hall with nanmu structure in Suzhou, with gorgeous interior decoration. There is a courtyard in the north and south of the main hall, and there are five stone peaks in the south courtyard, hence the name of the main hall. There are several courtyards in the east of the main hall, which are low and have different shapes.

The Eastern District wins with Quyuan Cloister. In the middle is Yuanyang Hall, where fairies are flourishing and the columns and beams are beautifully decorated. Huan Yun swamp is in the north, followed by three stone peaks. Cloud peak, 5.6 meters high, is the crown of existing lake stones in Suzhou gardens, which is said to be an old object of Song Huashi class. The Ruiyunfeng and Yun Xiu peaks on both sides are also beautiful. To the north of the peak, there is the Guanyun Building, which is two stories high and can enjoy the scenery outside the park.

The buildings in the north area were completely destroyed, and now bamboo plums are planted, and there is a bonsai garden.

There is a north-south mound in the west area, which is the highest place in the whole park. There are two pavilions on the mountain overlooking the Tiger Hill, the balance and the mountain above. Green maple and ginkgo are planted on the mound, and the mountains are red and yellow in autumn.

4. Humble Administrator's Garden

Around the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (15 13), Wang built a garden with part of the foundation of Dahong Temple. The name of the garden is the phrase "I am in charge of politics" in the Jin Dynasty's "Living in Idleness". Today's gardens are roughly the scale of the late Qing Dynasty. After restoration and expansion, it is divided into three parts: the eastern part (formerly "returning to hometown"), the central part (formerly "humble administrator's garden") and the western part (formerly "replenishing the garden").

In the East District, most of the existing scenery is newly built. The entrance of the garden is located at the southern end, passing through the porch, front yard, Lanxuetang, and then entering the garden. On the east side is a vast lawn, with a flat stream mound, wooden pavilions on it, flowing water all around, weeping willows on the shore, among which there are rugged rocks, winding peaks and winding bridges. On the mound in the northwest, black pine is densely planted, Pterocarya stands in the forest, and the west of the forest is the fragrant pavilion (teahouse). Further west, there is a corridor facing the wall, a leaking window and some caves connected with the central area.

The central area is the essence of the whole park, in which the water surface accounts for 1/3. The water surface is divided and combined, and the waterfront buildings have different shapes. There are many pavilions with uneven levels. Yuanxiangtang, the main hall, is the place where the original garden owner feasts and drinks guests. The long windows on all sides are transparent and can surround the scenery in the garden. There is a platform near the pool in the north of the hall, and you can enjoy the distant islands, mountains and pavilions across the water. There are Tan Xiao, Quqiao and Huangshi rockery on the south side; West winding corridor connecting Xiaocanglang Covered Bridge and Shui Yuan; The East East Round Cave Gate enters the loquat garden, which is divided into several areas by corridors, surrounded by wavy cloud walls and corridors, and plants such as loquat, begonia, plantain, osmanthus and bamboo. The architectural treatment and courtyard layout are elegant and exquisite. There are two Shidao Mountains in the pool in the north of the central area. Reed and calamus are planted in the rocky shore, which echoes the vines on the mountain and is full of wild interest in the mountains. There is a small pavilion on the top of the mountain, surrounded by bamboo and wood, and birds sing cicadas in summer, which is a summer resort. There is a Peak Tower in the northwest, surrounded by water and connected by a bridge corridor. It is said that it is the place where Li Xiucheng, a loyal monarch of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, planned military aircraft. Climb the stairs overlooking the tiger hill and borrow the scenery outside the garden. There is a dry boat in the south of the water, and the "Xiangzhou" plaque inscribed by Wen Zhiming hangs in front of the boat. Climb the back floor, and you can see a bamboo pavilion in the east of the water. The water in the pool meanders to the southwest, forming a "small blue wave" in the water courtyard, with small bridges and flowing water, pavilions and pavilions, creating beautiful waves. Looking north against the fence, the eaves are connected with the building, the branches and leaves are hidden, the music is profound and the levels are rich. There is a Magnolia Hall nearby. Magnolia and Tianzhu are planted in the small courtyard, and the environment is elegant. From here, go north along the west corridor, go to the semi-pavilion with a cave, and cross the cave gate to the west area.

In the west area, there is a tortuous water surface connected with the large pool in the central area. The Yuanyang Temple in the south is the largest building with a square plane and four wing rooms. The main hall is divided into two parts, namely the Eighteen Golden Flower Hall in the south and the Thirty-six Yuanyang Hall in the north. In summer, it is used to see the lotus waterfowl in the north pond, and in winter, it is used to enjoy the rockery and camellia in the south yard. There is a fan-shaped pavilion in the north of the pool-"Who sits on the porch with you", which is small and exquisite and unique in shape. There is an octagonal two-story floating pavilion in Beishan, which is also the commanding height of the garden. There is an inverted photo studio in the northeast, and two pavilions in the southeast corner are opposite.