Classical Chinese criticism

1. The general format of ancient Chinese biographies is 1. Biography, referred to as "biography" for short, belongs to a style of prose in a broad sense and is an article that records the deeds of people.

2. Biographies can be roughly divided into two categories: one is based on historical deeds, with historical biographies or general biographies; The other belongs to literature, which describes the life experiences, mental outlook and historical background of various celebrities in a visual way based on historical facts, but does not exclude literary description.

3. There are many kinds of biographies, mainly including:

Autobiography-I tell my life story.

Introversion-there are two kinds. One is that ancient scholars call books that specifically explain classical meanings introversion; The other kind is biographical novels which mainly record anecdotes of the owner, such as The Story of Hanwu in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi Er.

Extroversion-compared with introversion, there are two kinds. One is an ancient book with classics, which widely cites examples, but it is not entirely based on the meaning of explaining classics; The other refers to biographical articles in which all characters are not included in the official history (biographies of monarchs as the key link), or are included in the official history and circulated separately, recording their anecdotes. Such as Zhao's biography and Gao Lishi's biography.

Biography-In addition to official biographies, biographies of other people or other stories about someone made by literati themselves are generally called biographies.

Biography-Biography used to describe the deeds of ordinary officials and ordinary people in Sima Qian's Historical Records.

Family biography-an article describing the deeds of ancestors and conveying them to future generations, which can be written by the same family or entrusted by others.

Biography-an article about someone's deeds, such as Li Shangyin's Li Hechuan in the Tang Dynasty (Li See Yishan Collection); There are also texts outlining the author's birthplace and resume before and after the collection of poems or attached to the first name of the article.

True stories-novels written for typical characters, such as Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q. The name True Story was originally borrowed from the cliche "Let's stop talking and get down to business".

2. Biography of Ouyang Xiu Ouyang Xiu (1007~ 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The word Yongshu, a drunkard, was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Jiangxi), calling himself Luling, because Jizhou was originally from Luling County. Tiansheng Jinshi

When I was in Renzong, I was tired of knowing the imperial edict and the Hanlin bachelor. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong.

He advocated political and literary innovation. He is not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also a leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door.

The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians.

There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection.

3. Biography is the basic feature of the "biography" style of ancient prose and a common literary form. It mainly describes the life stories of the characters, and arranges, describes and explains them selectively according to various written and oral memories, investigations and other related materials. Biography is closely related to history, and some biographies with a long history are often regarded as historical materials. It is generally described by others, and some are called "autobiography". The other category belongs to literature. Biographers may penetrate their feelings, imagination or inference in the process of telling their own stories, but unlike novels, biographies are generally not fictional, and documentary is the basic requirement of biographies. The types of biographies include ordinary biographies, autobiographies, biographies, close-up biographies, memoirs, chronicles, fictionalized biographies and so on. The basic characteristics of biography are: "practicality". It is a narrative style that follows the principle of authenticity and describes the life experience, mental outlook and historical background of the characters in an intuitive way. Its stylistic features are authenticity and literariness. Among them, authenticity is the first feature of biography, because biography describes real people in history or reality, including real names, places of residence, scope of activities and so on. And no fiction is allowed when writing. But biography is different from ordinary boring history books, it is literary. Through the selection, editing and assembly of the author, I have devoted myself to love and hate; It needs to be expressed through artistic means to achieve the purpose of vividness. From the narrator's point of view, biography can be divided into "autobiography" and "biography by others": the former is written by the author himself and the latter by others. In terms of expression, general biographies are mainly narrative, and some biographies are also called "comments" while describing characters experience. Some biographies describe the life experiences, mental outlook and historical background of activities of characters in a visual way, based on historical facts, but some associative literary descriptions are not excluded, so they are called "biographical literature".

4. What is the style of China's ancient biographies? Biography is an article genre used to record the life stories of characters.

Generally, it is called "autobiography" if someone else narrates it on his behalf, and there are also self-reported lives. Biographies have been around for a long time in China.

More than two thousand years ago, China's first biography, Historical Records, was not only a great historical work, but also a masterpiece of biographical literature. It is one of the most magnificent biographical literature in the world, with detailed and clear narration, vivid language and vivid characters.

Biographies of celebrities have appeared all over the world, such as the French writer Roman? Roland once wrote biographies of famous celebrities, including Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy. These three biographies are all extremely talented great men in human history. Their lives are rich and colorful, and their works are profound and profound, which have influenced generations. Modern biographies can be divided into historical biographies and literary biographies.

The former narrates historical facts; The latter vividly describes the life experiences and mental outlook of various famous figures, which is based on historical facts and does not exclude reasonable artistic processing. In the history of our country, there are other sayings, such as biographies, biographies and gaiden.

Biography is generally used to describe the deeds of people other than the emperor. There are also records of the history of ethnic minorities and other countries.

Such as Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Biography of Sichuan Tusi in Ming Dynasty and Biography of Foreign Countries? Biography of Japan, etc. Other biographies refer to biographies other than this biography (biographies listed in genealogy or official history) or supplementary records to this biography.

Rumors are called rumors that people are not recorded in the official history, or that their deeds are different from those in the official history, or that anecdotes about a person are recorded. Biography is also a narrative style, but biography is mainly about the life stories of celebrities or great men.

Therefore, when writing biographies, we should grasp their birth date, main deeds, character evaluation and so on. Some people call biography the art history of a specific character.

It uses literary techniques to describe the lives of characters in a true and meticulous way, reflecting their temperament, personality and inner world. There are two main categories: one is based on well-documented historical events; The other kind does not exclude the fiction and imagination of literature.

Its writing emphasizes historical records, solemn and lofty feelings and artistic emphasis. Different stylistic types in biographies, such as biographies, autobiographies, critical biographies, biographies, memoirs and medium-length biographies, have different stylistic features and practical functions.

Pay attention to distinguish the stylistic differences between the two when using. Biography (including memoirs, novels or novellas): It is often a literary biography, and its expression is close to that of novels, but its basic characters and plots must conform to the principle of authenticity.

Imagination can be used to restore lost events or details. Memoirs are first-person narratives, usually told by the author himself, or maybe the author is just a witness.

Autobiography: There are two situations. One is the general affairs document, which is an essential part of the cadre's resume file.

His writing is plain and concise, which objectively shows the master's social life experience and ideological development track. The other is a self-narrative literary work, which is close to biographical literature and is a first-person biography.

Commentary: This is a cross-genre style. This is a genre of literary criticism, in which biographies are mixed with the author's comments.

It is between biography and literary criticism. Biography: a short essay mainly attached to a text.

This paper briefly introduces the author's social experience, ideological track, hobbies, personality characteristics, main works and so on. For example, Lao She wrote My Biography before the collection.

5. What is the style of China's ancient biographies? Biography is an article genre used to record the life stories of characters. Generally, it is called "autobiography" if someone else narrates it on his behalf, and there are also self-reported lives.

Biographies have been around for a long time in China. More than two thousand years ago, China's first biography, Historical Records, was not only a great historical work, but also a masterpiece of biographical literature. It is one of the most magnificent biographical literature in the world, with detailed and clear narration, vivid language and vivid characters. Biographies of celebrities have appeared all over the world, such as the French writer Roman? Roland once wrote biographies of famous celebrities, including Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy. These three biographies are all extremely talented great men in human history. Their lives are rich and colorful, and their works are profound and profound, which have influenced generations.

Modern biographies can be divided into historical biographies and literary biographies. The former narrates historical facts; The latter vividly describes the life experiences and mental outlook of various famous figures, which is based on historical facts and does not exclude reasonable artistic processing.

In the history of our country, there are other sayings, such as biographies, biographies and gaiden. Biography is generally used to describe the deeds of people other than the emperor. There are also records of the history of ethnic minorities and other countries. Such as Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Biography of Sichuan Tusi in Ming Dynasty and Biography of Foreign Countries? Biography of Japan, etc. Other biographies refer to biographies other than this biography (biographies listed in genealogy or official history) or supplementary records to this biography. Rumors are called rumors that people are not recorded in the official history, or that their deeds are different from those in the official history, or that anecdotes about a person are recorded.

Biography is also a narrative style, but biography is mainly about the life stories of celebrities or great men. Therefore, when writing biographies, we should grasp their birth date, main deeds, character evaluation and so on. Some people call biography the art history of a specific character. It uses literary techniques to describe the lives of characters in a true and meticulous way, reflecting their temperament, personality and inner world. There are two main categories: one is based on well-documented historical events; The other kind does not exclude the fiction and imagination of literature. Its writing emphasizes historical records, solemn and lofty feelings and artistic emphasis.

Different stylistic types in biographies, such as biographies, autobiographies, critical biographies, biographies, memoirs and medium-length biographies, have different stylistic features and practical functions. Pay attention to distinguish the stylistic differences between the two when using.

Biography (including memoirs, novels or novellas): It is often a literary biography, and its expression is close to that of novels, but its basic characters and plots must conform to the principle of authenticity. Imagination can be used to restore lost events or details. Memoirs are first-person narratives, usually told by the author himself, or maybe the author is just a witness.

Autobiography: There are two situations. One is the general affairs document, which is an essential part of the cadre's resume file. His writing is plain and concise, which objectively shows the master's social life experience and ideological development track. The other is a self-narrative literary work, which is close to biographical literature and is a first-person biography.

Commentary: This is a cross-genre style. This is a genre of literary criticism, in which biographies are mixed with the author's comments. It is between biography and literary criticism.

Biography: a short essay mainly attached to a text. This paper briefly introduces the author's social experience, ideological track, hobbies, personality characteristics, main works and so on. For example, Lao She wrote My Biography before the collection.

6. The first biography should be reviewed before 25th: Yu Dafu is an unforgettable scholar and writer.

One year, I happened to see the TV series "Night Intoxicated by Spring Breeze" adapted from his novel on TV. The location in Shexian County, Huizhou, gave me a kind feeling. Yu Dafu did come to Huizhou and left an article "Tunxi Overnight".

Yu Dafu was accompanied by Lin Yutang. Unable to bear the mess of Shexian Hotel, a famous county in Huizhou, they rushed to Tunxi, a place called "little shanghai" by Yu Dafu in his article. I don't know when such a "good name" disappeared from people's legends.

Little shanghai is really prosperous, this group of famous writers have nowhere to live, and hotels are full of signs, so they have to turn to the local police station for help, but the "big shot" in this ravine doesn't buy the accounts of great writers. I didn't find a place to live until midnight. Finally, Lin Yutang suggested renting a big boat, carrying luggage and taking an elegant dream trip to Lu Gui.

The wooden boat is moored on the Xin 'an River, floating in front of the house, talking around the lights at night, and the river at the bottom of the boat buzzes eastward, all the way to Fuchun River, Yu Dafu's hometown. A stone arch bridge in the Ming Dynasty is only a stone's throw from the ship.

When I was in Huizhou, I often walked by the river. Standing on the ancient bridge, I always think of a word from Yu Dafu. Tunxi is an ancient cultural city, but there are many literati, and naturally there are literati footprints. But in my impression, I'm afraid only Yu Dafu's words are unforgettable, which gives the town an unspeakable mystery. It is impossible to imagine what this town looks like now, but this old Qingshiqiao built in the Ming Dynasty still retains some information from the past.

Qiaotou is a famous "old street", which is said to have been built in the Song Dynasty. In fact, in Yu Dafu's works, there seems to be no good impression on this small town at the foot of Huangshan Mountain. The following is another experience: "I bought a set of Chai Shiquan Mountain House in Shexian Wu in the old loan shop, and Yutang bought some nuclear boats, emeralds, amber and many broken magnets in that fake antique shop."

It can be seen that this old street at that time was already an active venue for "antique dealers". In modern terms, these "antique ghosts" began to eat tourist meals at that time. But in those days, although it was a "fake antique shop", you could still buy some second-hand goods. Nowadays, tourist shops are all new products and only eat "smart people" who are eager to find out what is missing.

It has been said for a long time that Tunxi people know how to operate, which is an old tradition of Huizhou merchants. Yu Dafu said that it rained in Tunxi that day. They landed in a hotel, asked for a plate of fried four pieces, and a catty of "Shaoxing wine mixed with sand" was knocked for two oceans.

Therefore, Yu Dafu angrily wrote: "This little shanghai businessman has not learned what other Shanghai is like. Only this way of deceiving strangers and extorting money is shine on you and better than Blue. No wonder someone told me that no matter which big store in Tunxi city has a bargain. Even a box of matches and a cigarette have different market prices for familiar faces. " Yu Dafu's complaint can be described as "incisive".

I remember when I first came to Tunxi, I specially asked a familiar local to buy some small pieces such as wood carving and brick carving in the old street. The antiques in old Huizhou have been sold out by later generations, and even parts of these old houses have become rare antique treasures.

The store owner talked with him about Tunxi dialect and talked about "site" (banknotes), which was also awkward and secretive. Wrapped up the wood carving and left the store, my friend suddenly handed me some money, saying it was a "kickback" in the store. Only then did I know that the water in Tunpu was really deep! At the end of the article, "a melancholy and haggard wit" and "a fallen beauty" recited a seven-character quatrain: "Xin' an River is full of water, and people on both sides of the strait are scattered like boats; A few nights under Tunxi Bridge, heartbroken spring scenery is like Yangzhou. "

A talented person, a beautiful woman, finally returned to the wind (flow) and elegance (good). Chapter two: Madame Curie, a name that touched the whole world.

Her simple figure is deeply remembered by generation after generation; Her inspiring story has also been told over and over again. When Madame Curie was born, her native Poland was being ravaged by the Russian iron hoof.

The intellectual's family background endowed her with good cultivation and a strong sense of national responsibility, and of course, she passed on the intelligence and tenacity of the intellectual elite to her without reservation. Enlightened and kind parents and five children form a happy family.

Despite the strict colonial rule of Russia, as a younger sister, she still spent a short childhood happily. The educational methods of Skoro and Dovski are worth learning today.

They never "enlighten" their children, but let them play freely and embrace nature to the fullest. Madame Curie's love and closeness to nature all her life must be the seeds planted in her childhood.

Although my father is a gifted science teacher, he has never deliberately guided children's interest. He even prevented little Manya from getting in touch with science books too early, so that she could fully dabble in knowledge after school and gradually find her own interest. Of course, he is still very concerned about children's learning and is also very strict.

As for the mother, she made great sacrifices, gave up the position of headmistress and devoted herself to educating her children. In the case of serious illness and family distress, she still takes care of the housework casually and spares no effort to create a relaxed and happy family atmosphere for the children, so as not to let them bear the psychological burden prematurely.

From this, I saw the meaning of family. It is not only a paradise for everyone to grow up, but also a temple for shaping people. Later, in order to raise money to pay her sister's tuition, the young Madame Curie suffered from the cold weather.

At the age of seventeen, she left her hometown alone and went to other provinces as a tutor for six years. After living under the fence for six years, she gradually realized the complexity of society and humanity.

The bitter experience of lovelorn has taught her how to choose a lifelong partner, how to know a person in essence and how to dialysis a person. These six years of hardships also taught her how to face setbacks, so that she was defeated in later experiments and saw colorful rainbows after experiencing ups and downs.

The combination of Curie and his wife is the collision of two noble hearts. This collision with the generation has produced dazzling people.

7. After reading The Classic Guide to China Traditional Culture, I feel it should be 450 words. Chinese culture is an inexhaustible motive force for the Chinese nation to live endlessly and forge ahead in unity. The media of China culture is rich, especially the epitome of China culture can be seen everywhere in the book. Style contains China culture. Most of China's literary works from ancient times to modern times are in the form of classical Chinese, which is still concerned by people. There are more and more classical Chinese in textbooks. Classical Chinese has also become an important aspect of one's language level. This style of calligraphy contains profound China culture, and whether it is The Analects of Confucius, Historical Records, A Dream of Red Mansions or Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, it is permeated with a long-standing cultural essence. Poetry is also a very common style, but China's ancient poems have other cultural connotations. Whether it's The Book of Songs or Songs of the South. There is a strong China flavor, and the culture is also displayed in front of the world. China's diverse styles can be seen in the book. From the book, people can't help feeling the profoundness of "China culture". The art in the book contains China culture. Art is an important way to reflect culture, and one of its carriers is the book Wu Kai in the Heavenly Palace, which makes people lament the wonderful taste of that year. The secret language of clothing reveals the mystery of China's decoration. Perhaps, in these books, art is the main body, but it is undeniable that China culture is hidden in them. Arts and crafts are China culture, New Year pictures are China culture, and costumes are also China culture. Not long ago, I heard a news that a Shanghai lady wanted to bring her own cheongsam and her cheongsam performance team to Europe and America. But she didn't take into account that cheongsam has already spread all over the world. Blue-eyed blondes in cheongsam can be seen everywhere in Chinatown. All this lies not only in the contribution of overseas Chinese, but also in the role of books. The spread of books further spread China culture, and the artistic charm of China culture is always hidden in books. Cultural people spread China culture. A literate person can easily remind people of many famous poets and writers in the history of China. From the novels Laozi and Talking about Li Bai to Lu Xun's Biography and Yu's philosophy of life, we can appreciate the China culture reflected by generations of intellectuals. The people are the representatives of a country, and the splendid Chinese culture is constantly developing and perfecting like these intellectuals. China culture is a profound term. From books, we can constantly absorb cultural nutrients. Know how to use Chinese traditional culture to cultivate self-cultivation, enhance the sense of identity with Chinese culture, and build the spiritual home of the Chinese nation. From the book, we feel the culture of China, we know the culture of China, and we are proud of it.