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What are the "eight elements" and "five elements" in steel materials?

The five elements in steel materials are C (carbon), Si (silicon), Mn (manganese), P (phosphorus) and S (sulfur).

The eight elements in steel materials are C (carbon), Si (silicon), Mn (manganese), P (phosphorus), S (sulfur), iron, nitrogen and oxygen.

The reason for the wide application of iron and steel materials lies in the wide range of available components, from industrial pure iron with almost no carbon to cast iron with about 4% carbon, in which the phase structure and microstructure of the alloy have changed greatly; In addition, various hot working processes, especially metal heat treatment technology, can be used to greatly change the structure and properties of an alloy with a certain composition.

Extended data

Iron-carbon alloys are divided into steel and pig iron, and steel is an iron-carbon alloy with carbon content of 0.03% ~ 2%. Carbon steel is the most commonly used common steel, which is easy to smelt, easy to process and low in price, and can meet the use requirements in most cases, so it is widely used. According to the different carbon content, carbon steel is divided into low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel. With the increase of carbon content, the hardness of carbon steel increases and the toughness decreases.

Alloy steel is also called special steel. Adding one or more alloying elements on the basis of carbon steel changes the structure and properties of steel, thus having some special properties, such as high hardness, high wear resistance, high toughness and corrosion resistance. The alloying elements often added in steel are silicon, tungsten, manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium and so on.

Alloy steel resources are quite rich, except for chromium and cobalt deficiency and low manganese grade, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium and rare earth metals are in high reserves. At the beginning of 2 1 century, the proportion of alloy steel in the total steel output will increase greatly.

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