What are the customs in southern Fujian? Should we inherit or abandon them?

The legend about the Spring Festival is a continuation of the story of New Year's Eve. There are always two kinds of statements:

(1) In order to celebrate not being eaten by the terrible Nian beast, people say, "Congratulations! Congratulations! 」

(2) People were almost drowned by the Jade Emperor in order to celebrate that they were not framed by the wicked lantern monkey. Later, thanks to Guanyin Bodhisattva's explanation to the Jade Emperor, a human catastrophe was saved? What is the fate of the emperor? Heiqiang? Yijia? サ Feed your stomach? Bo Coffin: What's the matter with you? Call Tong?

Second, related customs.

In the old custom, the Spring Festival was celebrated in beginning of spring among the 24 solar terms, but now it is celebrated on the first day of the first lunar month.

From the first day to the fifth day of the first lunar month, it is called "Spring Festival" or "Xinzheng", which is an important folk festival. So there are different customs every day, which are explained as follows:

first day

1. Happy New Year: Relatives and friends visit each other back and forth to congratulate each other and wish each other all the best and good health in the coming year.

2. Wear new clothes: new clothes represent the renewal of Vientiane, especially the children's expectations for the new year. How exciting it is to have a set of clothes that you like, from hats and clothes to shoes.

3. Spring outing: When you go out for the first time in the New Year, you usually go to the temple to pray for all the best in the new year. Especially when you go out, you will pay attention to your position. It's good to go east first, so few people go south.

4. Open the door and close the door to see the auspicious time: it is common to open the door and close the door, but it is grand on the first day of the first day, because the farmers' calendars all indicate when to open and close the door, so everyone prefers to seek luck according to time.

5. There are many taboos: during the Chinese New Year, everything that is considered unlucky is listed as taboo, such as: no swearing, no swearing, no taking out the garbage, no scissors, no sleeping during the day, no frying, etc.

6. Vegetarianism for breakfast: This is the only vegetarian food in the agricultural society in the past, and it is the ancestor's compassion for everything. The modern concept is that vegetarianism is also a good thing on the first day, because the New Year's Eve dinner is too greasy, and clearing the stomach is also good for your health.

(2) Grade two

1. Tooth-making: Generally speaking, businessmen worship the land god, but people who are not in business will also worship him. Most of them are worshipped with sacrificial ceremonies, and modern times are gradually changing to worship flowers and fruits, because there is still a lot of meat left at home! The second day of February is the birthday of the earth god, so we worship with sacrificial ceremonies.

2. Mother and father (ancestors) began to be vegetarian: in the morning, they should worship their ancestors, prepare sacrificial ceremonies and dishes, and invite them to taste rich meals.

3. Going back to my parents' home: The time for my married daughter to go back to her parents' home was eleven (ask her son-in-law) or twelve (ask her daughter to go back to her parents' home), but I don't know when she started to change to the second day of junior high school. Perhaps it is more appropriate to choose this day, because the New Year holiday in industrial and commercial society is shorter (only five days). In the old society, the purpose of a daughter's return to her parents' home was to ask her parents about her situation in her in-laws and whether she was filial to her in-laws. Diligent housekeeping encourages son-in-law to work harder in the new year.

(3) Grade three

1. Sleep until full: Because I am very tired from New Year's Eve to the second day of junior high school, I can take a good breath today and get up late.

2. Go to bed in the morning: Because mice get married on the third day, they take care of animals and go to bed early for the benefit of mice.

3. The third day in southern Fujian is generally the day when family members pay homage to their deceased relatives, so if they don't go home for the New Year on the first day and the second day, they generally don't go. If you are in a hurry to pay New Year greetings to others, it will make them feel unlucky. Therefore, this day is mostly outdoor activities, rather than visiting the New Year. According to legend, pirates occupied Wuyu, the outer island of Xiamen, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. One year on New Year's Eve, officers and men were busy celebrating the New Year and neglected their defense. A large number of Japanese pirates seized the opportunity to attack the city, and the soldiers and civilians rose up against the enemy. After two days and three nights of fierce fighting, the Japanese army was defeated, but the soldiers and civilians in the city suffered heavy casualties. On the third day, people buried their relatives and friends, mourned the dead and cried loudly, so they didn't have time to go to other families to pay New Year greetings. On the third day of the second year, Xiamen residents took this day as a taboo day, and over time, it became a routine.

(4) the fourth day-meet the god of wealth

Since1February 24th, the gods who had paid attention to others were sent away. Today, the gods returned to the earth to report their work. Of course, receiving God early is a good sign of hard work. If they accept God too late, the God of Wealth will be taken away. How do they become rich in the new year?

(5) The fifth day

1. Isolation: It means that the Spring Festival holiday is over today, everything is back to normal, spring rice and rice cakes for immortals have been removed, and the filth in the house has also been removed. And now the annual leave of the industrial and commercial society is also the fifth day to start work.

2. Commencement: Most first-class companies choose this day to start work (unless it is really inappropriate to start work on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, choose another date), but all they do is to hold a worship ceremony, call and let the machine run for a few days to check that everything is normal, and then the boss will send out a "red envelope" to let all employees go home immediately after their lucky day and officially start work tomorrow. In fact, this ceremony is "heart-closing exercise", isn't it?

Minnan brain syndrome

Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, jiaozi and rice cakes are the New Year's greetings, customs and tastes of China people. Compared with the Spring Festival customs in northern cities, the Spring Festival customs in southern Fujian are quite distinctive. The Spring Festival in southern Fujian usually lasts from New Year's Eve to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. People in southern Fujian also have different opinions about the Spring Festival-"Lunar New Year's Eve is the first month" and "Lunar New Year's Eve" is the New Year's Eve, and it is important to eat; "The first month" refers to the first day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. It pays attention to play, not "noisy", which is such a very Minnan word-"noisy"

Greet the first month with firecrackers.

Many readers may ask, "What do you mean by' making mistakes'? Why not say' New Year'? " The reporter asked Lin, a professor of Chinese Department of Xiamen University and an expert in Minnan language research. Lin said that the word "Zheng" means "the first month", which is pronounced as "znia" in Minnan (n stands for nasal sound, read the first sound). The word "Znia" in Minnan dialect means the first month or the Spring Festival, such as setting off firecrackers on New Year's Eve 12, which is called "opening znia" by Minnan people. It can be seen that the meaning of "Naozheng" is the same as that of "Naozhun", both of which are the Minnan version of "Naozhun".

Mr. Hong Buren, an expert in literature and history, told reporters that the way of "correcting" the Spring Festival in southern Fujian has been changing with the times. The Minnan New Year ballads, which were popular in Jinmen and Zhangzhou in Xiamen in the 1920s and 1930s, recorded how Minnan people celebrated the New Year at that time: "The first day is early; Early the next morning; The third day is a coincidence; On the fourth day, the gods descended to earth; The fifth day is over; The sixth day of fertilization; End of the seventh day; Completed on the eighth day; The ninth day of' Tiangong Victory'; Public school students in the tenth grade; Eleven please son-in-law; Twelve should worship; Thirteen eat glutinous rice with mustard; 14 boys; Fifteenth Yuan Qing; Sixteen look at big candles; Seventeen inverted lamp sheds. " Hong Lao said that the so-called "noisy" is the most "noisy" on the first day, the ninth day and the Lantern Festival.

The climax is in the Lantern Festival.

"The first morning" means getting up early, dressing up and paying a New Year call to relatives and friends. The reason why this day is the happiest day for children is that they will receive red envelopes when they pay New Year greetings to their elders. Children who receive red envelopes happily get together to set off firecrackers, swing gyroscopes, play games and watch social dramas, not to mention how happy they are; Although adults have no red envelopes to take, they can get together to drink and chat freely, which is also a rare joy at ordinary times.

On the ninth day of the first month, "Tiangong Sheng" is the most lively sacrificial activity in southern Fujian. Starting from the eighth day, every family should prepare five sacrifices, five fruits and golden paper candles for sacrifice. Since the sacrificial activities begin at midnight on 12, the eighth to ninth day is a sleepless night for every household in southern Fujian. From midnight 12, the firecrackers of sacrificial activities exploded in the sky like spring thunder, which was endless and quite lively.

However, the climax of the "noisy" is the Lantern Festival. Hong Lao said that Xiamen often parades from the 14th to 16th of the first month. The parade is like a flowing depiction, with dragon dances, lion dances, stilts, cars and drums ... it's really lively. Large-scale activities, such as Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival, generally begin on the 13th day of the first month. Lantern tour is a parade in the street with all kinds of colored lights. People who like to watch interesting and lively children often follow the lantern parade from street to street. The Lantern Festival, which lasts for a week, is usually held in Zhongshan Park. People watching lanterns are in an endless stream, which is very lively. At that time, the Lantern Festival in Xiamen was still very popular. In today's Cultural Palace and some cultural centers, Lantern Festival is often held, attracting many men, women and children to solve riddles on the lanterns.

"Rectify" and gradually "modernize"

Hong Lao said that times are different now, and Xiamen people's "noisy" is also "modern": there is no need to make a phone call during the New Year, just a phone call and an email; Entertainment such as setting off firecrackers, spinning top and watching social dramas has been replaced by TV programs; Firecrackers have been replaced by electronic firecrackers ... However, the cultural and sports activities in the Spring Festival are becoming more and more abundant. During the Spring Festival, all districts in our city will organize various activities, such as garden visits, folk performances and square performances. Due to the concern and attention to traditional culture, some previous "noisy" activities are also recovering. Lao Hong said, "It's great to have another lantern festival in Zhongshan Park in the past two years! If' light guess' can be restored, so much the better. "

Minnan Spring Festival custom

On the first and second days of the New Year's Day, it is called "Hezheng" to pay New Year greetings to elders or friends. After breakfast, everyone puts on new clothes, hats and shoes and is ready to go out. Friends in Lu Yu should congratulate each other on their new happiness. When visiting relatives and friends, people usually say something to greet each other, such as "Happy New Year".

When visiting the New Year, you should first visit your elders, and then visit your relatives and friends. The order is from inside to outside, from near to far. As usual, children can get different amounts of "lucky money" (red envelopes) from their elders.

According to Guo Kuncong, a 65-year-old "old Xiamen", in the old society, the younger generation in Xiamen had to bow to their elders when they paid New Year greetings, so many families had square kneepads in their living rooms for bowing. With the development of the times, it gradually changed to New Year greetings with folded hands, first three times, and then once. Later, it was changed to say New Year greetings. It can be said that the customs of New Year greetings are getting simpler and simpler.

Friends pay New Year greetings to each other. In the past, they usually put their hands together to celebrate the New Year. With the development of the times, it has gradually evolved into shaking hands or calling to pay New Year greetings (now it is more about calling or texting).

Son-in-law pays New Year greetings.

Since the second day of the first month is the "son-in-law's day" in Minnan custom, all married daughters have to take their son-in-law and children known as "half-sons" back to their parents' homes to visit relatives the next day. There is an old saying: "There are parents in the second and third day, and if there are no parents, you have to bear it yourself", which means that the daughter-in-law whose parents are alive will definitely be taken as a guest in the second and third day. Daughter-in-law who has no parents has to stay at her husband's house and help relatives and friends who come home as guests. Because everyone thinks that going back to her mother's house on New Year's Day will lead to poverty at home, she didn't go back until the second day of New Year's Day. Think about it from another angle: after the opening of the New Year's Day, my husband's family is busy with all kinds of New Year's activities and receiving New Year's guests. As a daughter-in-law, you should be considerate If you just want to go home, that's unreasonable.

When the son-in-law comes to the door, he must bring a gift and call it "companion". When you go back to your parents' home, you should first pay a New Year call to your elders, and then give them red envelopes. Some elders will also give red envelopes to their grandchildren. If the bride's family has younger brothers and sisters, they should also give each other red envelopes to celebrate the New Year. If the daughter takes the child home to visit her grandparents for the first time, some grandparents will also send chicken legs and tie copper coins around the child's neck with red wool. This is called "tying ribbons".

At noon, we had a reunion dinner together, and we could catch up again. We left our parents' home around 3 pm. If it is the first time to return to her parents' home, her family should prepare two "tail-hanging sugarcane" and two live "leading chickens" to take home for her daughter and son-in-law to plant and raise. The so-called "hanging rattan" is a red rattan with leaves in front and stems in the back, and two rattan branches are tied with a red belt to wish the daughter and son-in-law share joys and sorrows and love each other forever until they grow old together. As for the two leading chickens, I hope their daughters and son-in-law have as many children as chickens.

New style New Year greetings

With the development of the times, information-based New Year greetings have quietly emerged, adding more fun to our New Year greetings. As a modern city, Xiamen is no exception.

Telephone New Year greetings: The telephone makes people no longer need to walk around to pay New Year greetings, and allows people to spend more time at home. This way is most suitable for visiting distant friends, elders, teachers, relatives and friends.

New Year's greetings by SMS: This is the most popular way to pay New Year's greetings at present-it is convenient and quick, and it can deliver information in the first time. In addition, New Year SMS 1 cent is relatively cheap.

MSN, e-mail, e-cards, video New Year greetings: As long as both parties are online, instant messaging software like MSN adds a powerful "weapon" to the New Year greetings. E-mail and e-cards can take live photos and send them as e-mails to friends and relatives.

Leisure online games to celebrate the New Year: This way is suitable for all people who like games. Simple operation, short occupation time, strong interest and playability. , provides a novel entertainment and emotional contact for the majority of game lovers.

lucky words

On the first day of the first month, it is also called Xinzheng. Relatives and friends pay New Year greetings to each other, which is called "worshipping Zheng Zheng" and "congratulating Zheng Zheng". The host invited the guests to eat sweet materials and drink sweet tea, and then said auspicious words:

Say to your wife: Eating sweet food will give birth to your offspring (son).

Say to the elderly: Eating sweet food will lead to old health, and eat 120 (live to 120).

Say to the businessman: eating sweet food will make you a lot of money.

For children: eat sweet and give you a big man/a big fat man (meaning to grow up quickly).

Say to the young lady: Shi Tian will marry you as a good husband.

Generally say to each other: make a lot of money in the new year/good luck in the new year.

Tea preparation

When friends or relatives go home for the Spring Festival, the host takes out sweet materials (mostly red dates, potatoes, melon seeds, etc.). It used to be, but now it is mostly replaced by exquisite candy and sweet tea to welcome guests. This is called "eating sweet", which means complete intimacy.

After dinner, guests should say some auspicious words, such as "Eat red dates and have a good year", "Congratulations on making a fortune", "Eat sweets, depending on your growth" and "Eat sweets, depending on whether you have a son". In addition, guests with children must give red envelopes as New Year greetings.

In the old days, there was a custom in Xiamen, that is, in the first month, the daughter-in-law would cook eggs with rock sugar and dress them neatly for her parents-in-law to show filial piety. In the morning, the new wife will offer "sweet tea" to honor her in-laws and elders, and take the opportunity to meet those elders who have never met before. In addition, when important guests come, Xiamen people will cook sweet soup such as glutinous rice balls and red dates to entertain guests.

Please drink spring wine.

Generally speaking, from the first day to the fifteenth day of the New Year, every household will prepare ready-made meals and entertain relatives and friends during the New Year to contact each other's feelings. For example, businessmen will use this time to entertain customers to expand their business.

According to old Xiamen, the habit of drinking spring wine is particularly popular in rural Xiamen. Relatives and friends in rural areas usually leave guests to drink spring wine because they live far away.

Minnan folk songs

Early on the first day (meaning getting up early)

Early the next day.

No evil thoughts in the third grade (no);

On the fourth day, the gods landed (the kitchen god returned from heaven);

Leave on the fifth day (come to an end)? crow

Spoon fertilizer on the sixth day (dig out feces and start farming);

The first 77 yuan (taking seven kinds of vegetables and fruits to make "Qibao soup");

Completed on the eighth day (rice cake completed);

The ninth birthday (Tianshou);

The tenth day of the tenth lunar month (the birthday of the earth god);

Eleven please son-in-law;

Twelve times (women go back to their parents' home to visit again);

Thirteen eat minced meat with mustard (minced meat is porridge, and I am tired of eating wine and meat for a few days, change my taste);

Fourteen-knot lamp shed;

Fifteen shangyuan pills;

Sixteen look at big candles;

Turn down the light shed (so the festival passed). "

Taboo of New Year greetings

In the tradition of Minnan people, there are many taboos in New Year greetings. But with the development of the times, some taboos have basically disappeared.

First, the traditional custom in Xiamen is not to visit at home on the third day of the first month, but to worship the dead at home. There is a proverb that says "get up early the first day, get up early the next day, and get full (or harmless) on the third day", which means there is no harm in getting up late on the third day. So how did this custom come from? According to legend, pirates occupied Wuyu, the outer island of Xiamen, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. One year on New Year's Eve, officers and men were busy celebrating the New Year and neglected their defense. A large number of Japanese pirates seized the opportunity to attack the city, and the soldiers and civilians rose up against the enemy. After two days and three nights of fierce fighting, the Japanese army was defeated, but the soldiers and civilians in the city suffered heavy casualties. On the third day, people buried their relatives and friends, mourned the dead and cried loudly, so they didn't have time to go to other families to pay New Year greetings. On the third day of the second year, Xiamen residents took this day as a taboo day, and over time, it became a routine.

Second, during the Spring Festival, it is the most important day of the year for Minnan people. Everyone has all kinds of hopes. There are many other taboos besides not being able to pay New Year's greetings in the third grade. The first day is the most taboo. Eat vegetarian food in the morning, don't eat meat or cook. The food you eat must be prepared in advance on New Year's Eve, which is the so-called "coming New Year's meal". It means that there was some left over from last year's meal. Eat dry rice or other food on the first day, not porridge, or you will be caught in the rain or surprised when you go out this year. You can't sweep the floor or shovel fertilizer from the first day to the fifth day. If you have to clean, leave the garbage at home, and don't take it out to throw it away, otherwise it will be like throwing away the gold and silver treasures at home, leaving the family poor. No swearing, no fighting, no debt, no harm. If you are injured, it is "painful for the New Year", which is extremely unlucky. Don't break or damage porcelain bowls and plates. If you accidentally break it, wrap it in red paper and wait until the fifth day of separation before throwing it into the river. Say something comforting, such as "break porcelain and pay a lot of money", so that you can save the day. Never take a nap. It is believed that when a person takes a nap on the first day of each month, his energy field will collapse. The kitchen collapses when a woman takes a nap.

Minnan Spring Festival custom

The Chinese New Year custom in rural areas of southern Fujian is different from that in cities. Rural farmhouses have many houses and doors. In addition to posting Spring Festival couplets, there are two red paper sugarcane trees on both sides of the door, which are called "door sugarcane". The dialect "sugarcane" is similar to "Jia", which means to enter a good environment. In the hall, there are New Year's Eve dinners, long vegetables and cakes on the table, and "spring branches" tied with red and yellow paper are inserted, which means that food is abundant all year round, auspicious and rich. Every household should pile sweet potatoes, vines and sticks outside the door and light them until there is smoke around the fire. The man jumped over this pile of flames according to his generation, thinking, "Jump in and make a fortune every year;" Jump out, carefree * * *; Skip the east, the grain is not empty; Skip the west and money will roll in. " This is called "fire group", which symbolizes burning the evil spirits of the old year, eliminating disasters and welcoming a clean and prosperous New Year. After the "fire jumping", we must clean the hall with a new broom. After sweeping, put the broom cupboard together and dump it by the door, hoping to get out of the broom again and help make a fortune. At the same time, we must collect some ashes from the jumping fire and put them in the charcoal stove, which is called "Tianwang", symbolizing more prosperity. Parents lead their children to sit around the stove, which is called "keeping watch around the stove". It is best to stay up late. It is said that this is to add longevity to parents. At this time, the elders give the younger generation lucky money, which is called "dividing the circle". With the progress of society and the acceleration of the pace of life, some complicated customs in rural areas of southern Fujian are gradually abolished, but the custom of farmers looking forward to a good year still exists. Especially in the cold winter of December, the whole family gathered around the warm little stove and talked about how warm and happy it was to look forward to the future in the old year.

Xiamen folk custom

There are many folk customs in Xiamen, which have changed greatly with the progress of the times in recent years. In order to do as the Romans do, we hereby introduce the following:

On the first day of the first month, the door opened at dawn, and the Vatican burst into flames, saying "open right." It's a day to worship ancestors in the morning, and the manure doesn't pour out.

On the third day of the first month, it is the day of mourning (that is, burning a new bed). Anyone who has never been to a friend's house on the first day and the second day of junior high school should not visit on this day. Visiting is disrespectful. There is a saying that "the first day is early, the second day is early, and the third day is full of food and clothing", which means that there are no guests at home on the third day, and it is okay to get up late. So how did this custom come from? According to legend, pirates occupied Wuyu, the outer island of Xiamen, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. One year on New Year's Eve, officers and men were busy celebrating the New Year and neglected their defense. A large number of Japanese pirates seized the opportunity to attack the city, and the soldiers and civilians rose up against the enemy. After two days and three nights of fierce fighting, the Japanese army was defeated, but the soldiers and civilians in the city suffered heavy casualties. On the third day, people buried their relatives and friends, mourned the dead and cried loudly, so they didn't have time to go to other families to pay New Year greetings. On the third day of the second year, Xiamen residents took this day as a taboo day, and over time, it became a routine.

On the fourth day of the first month, worshippers will burn paper, silk and horses to meet God, that is,1February 24 to meet God.

On the ninth day of the first month, the Jade Emperor was born, and the incense table was dedicated to God. However, if you lose your family, you will stop offering sacrifices for two years.

On the tenth day of the first month, the earth was born. We don't chop wood or dig soil every day. And offer sacrifices to ordinary objects.

On the 13th day of the first month, on Guan Jun's birthday, merchants paid homage to him.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, Shangyuan or Dayuan, the birthday of Emperor Sangong, will put colorful lanterns to celebrate the Lantern Festival.

custom

Fan Chunhua: On New Year's Eve, a spring meal will be offered in front of the shrine, and paper flowers with the word "Spring" will be inserted on it.

Don't eat porridge: Minnan People's Congress doesn't eat porridge on the first day of the New Year, because eating porridge means that it is easy to get sick or die accidentally when going out this year.

The first month of Minnan dialect is just the right time.

Minnan people attach great importance to the annual Spring Festival, so it is especially festive, hospitable, generous and tolerant during the Spring Festival. During the Spring Festival these days, they always talk about the word "the timing of the first month".

"The timing of the first month" is a universal truth. As soon as the words are spoken, the listener can agree, forget the usual troubles, be happy when you are happy, and invite when you are invited. At this time, I am thrifty all the year round, but I am not stingy. At this time, I had prejudice and wrote it off. Minnan people not only invested money, time and energy, but also injected emotion, so they not only created a festive atmosphere, but also won it.