What positions did Peng Pei hold in the party?

(1896-1929)

A native of Haifeng, Guangdong. A Chinese proletarian revolutionary and one of the leaders of the early peasant movement, Peng Pei betrayed his landlord family to join the revolution and founded the Farmers' Association after returning from his studies in Japan in 1921, and joined the Chinese ****anization Party in 1924. In the same year, he founded the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop. He participated in the Nanchang Uprising on August 1 and served as a member of the Front Enemy Committee of the C***. Later, he returned to SITC to lead an armed peasant uprising and created the industrial and peasant power in SITC. He was elected as a member of the 5th and 6th Central Committee of the CPC, and was elected as a member of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee and an alternate member of the 6th Political Bureau of the CPC, and was appointed as the secretary of the CPC Central Committee's Agricultural Committee, a member of the CPC Central Committee's Military Affairs Committee, and secretary of the Military Affairs Committee of Jiangsu Province in Shanghai in 1928.

(Longhua Cemetery, Section 2, 1-10)

Details:

Peng Pei was a proletarian revolutionary, an outstanding leader of the peasant movement in the early days of the C***nese Proletarian Party, and the organizer and leader of the famous Guangdong Hailufeng Peasant Uprising. He served as secretary of the Dongjiang Special Committee of the C***, member of the Fifth C*** Central Committee, member of the C*** Provisional Politburo, member of the Sixth C*** Central Committee, alternate member of the Politburo, secretary of the Central Agricultural Committee of the C*** Central Committee, and member of the Standing Committee of the C*** Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and secretary of the Provincial Party Committee of the C*** Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee of the C*** Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, etc..

One, at home and abroad in the period of study

Peng Pei, breast name Tianquan, school name Peng Hanyu, alias Meng An, Prince case. 1896 January 22 was born in Guangdong Province, Hai Feng County, suburb of Qiaodong Society, an industrial and commercial landlord's family. His birth mother was Zhou Feng, and his servant girl was a goddess. After arriving at Peng's home, she still participated in household chores and had the qualities of a working person. Her ideology and character had a great influence on Peng Pei. Peng Pei's childhood and youth were spent in the era when China's national peril was deepening and the trend of bourgeois democratic revolution was emerging. The bourgeois democratic revolutionaries represented by Dr. Sun Yat-sen staged many armed uprisings in Guangdong aimed at overthrowing the feudal rule of the Qing government. Newspapers published by the revolutionaries in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, as well as some revolutionary books and magazines, were introduced to SITC and widely circulated among the intellectual youth. Especially the Xinhai Revolution which broke out in 1911 had a great impact on SITC. At that time, Peng Pei was studying in Haifeng No.1 Higher Primary School, and Lin Jinting, a teacher and member of the Allied League, often propagated the revolutionary spirit of Sun Yat-sen and the political ideas of the Allied League to the students, so Peng Pei was inspired by the bourgeois democratic and revolutionary ideas, and he often talked about the current affairs with his classmates in pursuit of democracy and progress. 1913, Peng Pei went to study in Haifeng County Secondary School, and under the support of Lin Jinting, he organized a group of students to propagate the revolutionary ideas. With the support of Lin Jinting and the support of Chen Fu, Chen Kuiya and other progressive students, Peng Pei initiated and organized the "Qunjin Society" which aimed at propagating revolutionary doctrines and caring about the development of current affairs, and gradually formed the atmosphere of pursuing progress, learning new knowledge and searching for the truth among young students. On May 7, 1916, Peng Pei led the members of the Association to mobilize young students in SITC to hold a patriotic anti-Japanese rally to commemorate the National Day of Shame.

Peng Pei left SITC in the spring of 1917 to study at Guangfu Middle School in Guangzhou in order to seek new knowledge and explore the way to change the country's status quo. But Guangfu Middle School could not satisfy his desire for knowledge. At that time, it was popular for Chinese progressive youth to study abroad. As Japan was separated from China by the sea, there were especially many students going to Japan to study. Under the influence of this trend, Peng Pai also traveled to Japan in the summer of 1917. After arriving in Japan, Peng Pei first enrolled in Sengcheng School to study Japanese language, and got acquainted with Huang Linsheng, Yang Zizhen and other students studying in Japan. At that time, Peng Pei saw Yang Zizhen reading the Bible, out of curiosity, and at the same time, he had a longing for the freedom, equality, and fraternity advocated by Christianity, so he began to study the Bible. So he began to study the Bible. Soon, he found that the set of words in the Bible could not bless all the people in the world, and some so-called pious believers in real life prayed every day and repented every day, but they still did bad things without a clear conscience, which was not the shadow of equality and fraternity. Peng Pei was disappointed with the Bible, and in September 1917, Peng Pei was admitted to Waseda University in Tokyo to study political science and economics, and moved to the Songyekan Apartments, where he lived with Li Chuntao, Lin Peiran, and Yang Zizhen. At this time, Peng Pei saw Li Chuntao and several other students reading anarchist Kropotkin's Theory of Mutual Aid, Bread Slightly Taken, and other books, so Peng Pei buried himself in the writings of the anarchists again. In addition, he also read a lot of books about Japanese history, especially the Meiji Restoration, and was strongly interested in what was the secret of Japan's emergence as a powerful nation after the Meiji Restoration, and what was the best remedy for their reforms, which prompted him to sleep and eat, and he was hungry to explore and study.

The victory of the October Revolution in Russia shook the world and had a great impact on Japan. One day, Ikuo Oyama, a professor of the Philosophy Department of Waseda University, gave a lecture on "The October Revolution in Russia", and Peng Pei was mesmerized by Professor Oyama's lecture. After listening to the lecture, he said to Yang Zizhen, "This is the best lecture I have ever heard. The Bible, the Doctrine of Mutual Aid, all of them were squeezed out of my mind. As I listened, I thought, "Sun Yat-sen led the Xinhai Revolution, overthrew the Qing government and established the Republic of China, but the regime fell into the hands of the Beiyang warlords, why? It seems that we have to learn the Russian way and take the Russian road." Then he said wittily, "I wanted to follow Jesus to find the truth, but there was no fate, but it made me follow Lenin." Peng Pei discovered where the truth lies, and since then he has been studying the classics of Marxism-Leninism with great hunger and thirst.

With the deepening of the Japanese imperialist aggression against China, Peng Pai's anti-Japanese patriotic thoughts grew more and more, and he participated more actively in the anti-imperialist and national salvation activities of the Chinese students who stayed in Japan. Japanese imperialism in order to further control of China, under the pretext of the defense of Soviet Russia armed aggression, on May 16, 1918 and China's Beiyang warlord government signed the "Sino-Japanese Army *** with the defense of the enemy military agreement". This agreement is the Beiyang warlord government after the "twenty-one articles", another betrayal of national sovereignty sellout treaty. When the Chinese students in Japan got the news, they rose up against it and started a movement to abolish the treaty. Peng Pei was one of the organizers and leaders of this movement. He ran around, organized rallies, issued leaflets, made speeches on the stage and denounced the Japanese imperialist invasion of our country and the traitorous crimes of the Beiyang warlord government. In order to oppose the Sino-Japanese secret treaty more effectively, the students formed a "National Salvation Group", and in late May, they held a secret rally at the China Hotel in Kanda District, Tokyo, to discuss ways to save the country, but they were suddenly attacked by the Japanese police, and many of them were injured. Many students were injured. The Chinese students in Japan could not stand it any longer and decided to go back to their home country to protest against the strike. Peng Pei led the team back to Shanghai, where he set up the headquarters of the National Salvation Corps, and published the "Letter to Compatriots from Returned Students" in the "National Salvation Daily". Soon after, Peng Pei returned to Guangzhou and established the Guangzhou Branch Office of the National Salvation League with Guangdong students who stayed in Japan, and published the Declaration of the Guangdong Students' Fellowship in Japan. The manifesto reads:

"Woo-hoo! Mangmang Shenzhou, a lot of Chinese people, its talk for the Japanese slaughter slavery? Twenty-one paragraphs of the hate is still new, the voice of the military treaty and the rise of cynical conspiracy violence, day inch, month feet, multiplied by the European war started, infighting has not been, it is not swept away more than the map of our country to go ...... the great disaster is imminent, righteousness in the eyes of the mighty Ganyan, is not worth it, this is why we do not return to the country in ten days more than a thousand people, running around and crying out, and would like to give up their lives to seek the abolition of the treaty to save the lives of the people also. "

The patriotic action of the students in Japan, the sympathy and support of the whole country. But the Beijing government forced the students to return to school. In order not to delay their studies, Peng Pei and others had to travel east to Japan to study.

On May 4, 1919, a patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism broke out in Beijing. When the news reached Japan, the patriotic fervor of the Chinese students in Japan rose even higher, and they decided to assemble and march to the embassies of various countries in Japan to deliver their manifestos. When the procession was concentrated in a park, it was brutally suppressed by the Japanese military police and Peng Pai was injured. Through this incident, Peng Pai realized that medicine and wine country, must arouse the people, inspire compatriots, so he angrily bit his finger, in a piece of white silk wrote "do not forget the national shame" four big words, sent to the SITC Students' Association, and will be their own name Pang Hanyu, changed to Pang Pai, in order to indicate that they want to devote themselves to save the national peril of the surging revolution, tide of fury.

In September 1919, some radical youths at Waseda University founded the "Builders' Union." This was a mass organization that studied the doctrines of socialist schools, and most of their members came from the countryside, had close ties with the peasants, and attached great importance to the study of the peasant problem. Some of their views were accepted by Peng Pei, who soon joined the organization.

Second, the initial attempt to reform society

In May 1921, Peng Pei returned home after graduating from Waseda University in Japan, and soon joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. on May 23rd, he returned to his hometown of Haifeng. Its return was welcomed by a group of progressive youths. In order to unite and educate these progressive young people, *** with the study and research of Marxism-Leninism, to discuss the problems of the Chinese revolution, he and Zheng Zhiyun, Lin Su, Chen Kuiya and other organizations established the "Socialist Research Society". Peng Pei gave special lectures on this subject in the Society, such as "The First Socialist Country in the World - Russia in the Victory of the October Revolution", "Introduction to the Theory of Capital", and "The Triumph of Bolshevism" by Li Dazhao, and so on. The activities of the Socialist Research Society created a great attraction among the intellectuals in SITC, and its organization continued to expand. In order to propagandize and educate the workers and peasants, in July of the same year, Peng Pei initiated and organized the "Workers' Sympathy Association" and wrote "The Origin of the Workers' Sympathy Association", which attacked the education system at that time for serving the aristocrats, bureaucrats, and capitalists, and put forward the idea of ending the status quo of separating the education and the poor and enabling the poor to have the opportunity to receive education. And said, "Where we can, we must work with the laborers, help each other, exchange knowledge, in order to make education and the poor close to each other, and some hope for the renewal of the society." On September 1, Peng Pei published an article entitled "Notice to Compatriots" in the inaugural issue of "New SITC". The article strongly criticized the private property system as the most unreasonable social system of mankind. He wrote: "Today, among the proletariat, there is no one who is not oppressed by the economy and feels the difficulties of life, and those who work hard all day long and do not have enough for three meals are certainly many. There are many people who work hard all day long without enough to eat, and those who have difficulty in supporting their living expenses, such as selling their wives, selling their children, aborting their babies, and even abandoning their right to live and committing suicide, are all too common. There are even people who abandon their right to live and kill themselves! The origin and the cause are the evils of the social system of capitalism. If so, the destruction of the private property system is all the more urgent." The article concludes with an appeal, "Gentlemen, where there is a will, there is a way. Since we recognize all the evils and defects of the present society and have the determination to carry out a social revolution, we should quickly come to our senses, study each other, unite with each other, liaise with each other, and help each other to do so. ...... We hurry to unite, we hurry to proceed, we hurry to bring the new society before our eyes." ○2The two organizations, Socialist Research Society and Workers' Sympathy Back, played an active role in spreading socialism and new culture among the young people and the workers and peasants in Sai Fung, and some of their organizational members later became Peng Pei's final assistants and comrades in arms in the peasants' movement.

In October of the same year, Peng Pei took office as the director of SITC (later renamed Education Bureau). Peng湃到任后，立即清除了那些顽固守旧的老朽，而聘请李春涛、杨嗣震等担任海丰中小学教师；废除八股文章，改革教学内容；推行普及教育，创办农村分校；开展文化体育活动；改善教师待遇。 He personally went to his alma mater, the First Higher Primary School of Haifeng, to give lectures to the students, telling them about the evils of the landlords' exploitation and oppression of the peasants, and guiding them to care about the social problems in the countryside. The local landlords and gentry were very alarmed and hateful to Peng Pai's practices, and they falsely accused Peng Pai of propagandizing for the implementation of "***production, ***wife", and tried every possible means to drive Peng Pai away. In May of the following year, Peng Pei was removed from the post of director of education. SITC's local newspaper, Lu'an Journal, also published "The Muse of Propaganda through Education", attacking Peng Pei's advocacy of socialism as "high sounding", "too new", "too far away from our lives". too new" and "too far away from our lives". In order to refute these attacks and further publicize socialism to arouse the workers and peasants, Peng Pei started his own printed publication "Red Heart Weekly" with Li Chuntao in his residence, the Delightful Study Room. Through this publication, he wanted to propagandize the young students and asked them to mobilize and organize the workers and peasants to carry out the social revolution. Despite the great enthusiasm of the Peng faction, the influence of the Red Heart Weekly was limited to some of the students, but the illiterate workers and peasants did not get much inspiration from it. Therefore, it was discontinued after six issues.

Three, into the peasant movement

Peng Pei's attempt to reform society through education failed, and he began to realize that in order to arouse the workers and peasants, it was necessary to go to the workers and peasants in person, and especially to the peasants, to do practical work. From June 1922, he first went to about a village in Chishan, Haifeng, trying to find some peasants to talk to. However, when the peasants saw Peng Pei, they thought he was a rent collector or a government official sent to collect donations, so they all stayed away from him. Peng Pei in his account of his first to the peasants to obtain the scene wrote: "First of all, I said to the farmers, too elegant,......, and secondly, my face and body clothing and peasants are different, the peasants are accustomed to the face and clothing of the different people of oppression and deception, the moment I see me suspected of being his enemy. Both indicate class difference, out of place, always dislike and I close." ○3 In order to narrow the distance with the peasants, Peng Pei changed into the same rough clothes as the peasants, wore a bamboo hat on his head, and went barefoot in front of the Longshan Temple at the foot of Chishan Mountain. This was the main transportation route between Chishan, Beiwot, Chiban, and Hekou Jiao, and there were more peasants traveling to and from the area. He turned on the gramophone to play songs and performed some magic tricks to attract the audience, taking the opportunity to tell the peasants about the exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the landlords, and suggesting that the peasants should unite and organize farmers' associations to fight against the landlords and gentry. At first, only a few people listened to his speech, but later the audience grew larger and larger. But the peasants were still half believing in his words. At this time, Peng Pei burned the deed of the field left to him by his grandfather in public, and after a period of propaganda, he gradually gained the trust of the peasants. Peng Pei finally made friends with several young peasants such as Zhang Ma'an, Lin Pei, Lin Huan, Li Laoshi and Li Sixian. They met and talked with each other in the bookstore of Penghu where Penghu lived, and on the night of July 29th, the six of them talked very much in the bookstore and decided to set up the "Six People's Farmers' Association" at once. After the establishment of the Farmers' Association, they went to the peasants to expand the organization of the Farmers' Association. After more than a month of hard work, the number of members increased to more than 30. The Farmers' Association stipulated that landlords were not allowed to increase rents or change tenants, and led the peasants to abolish the dock juan and dung boat donations. It also set up a farmer's pharmacy, where members of the Farmers' Association could receive free medical treatment and were charged only half of the cost of medicines, and other measures to protect the interests of the members of the Farmers' Association. Since the Farmers' Association was really working for the interests of its members, more and more people joined the Association. In September of that year, the number of members of the Farmers' Association had grown to more than 500, and on October 25th, the Chisanjiao Farmers' Association was established. Under the influence of the Chishanyo Farmers' Association, the development of the Farmers' Association soon spread to the whole territory of Hai Feng. Shouwang, Yinxi, Xiehe, Beiwu, Luoshan, Qinghu, Pinggang, Tingzhou, Lianfeng, Leifeng, etc. were also set up in succession. 12 about the Farmers' Association ***98 townships, 2760 households, 16590 people. 1923 New Year's Day was formally set up Haifeng County General Farmers' Association, Pengye was elected as the president. Peng Pei personally designed the flag for the General Farmers' Association and drafted the "Temporary Brief Chapter of SITC General Farmers' Association". The program of the charter clearly stated that the mission of the Association was "to transform the life of the peasants, the development of agriculture, the autonomy of the peasants, and the popularization of the education of the peasants". A membership card was printed on business card paper with the name of the member, the time of joining, the name of the township to which the member belonged, and the organizing principle of "no food for those who don't work, and it is better to be united than to work together". After the establishment of the General Farmers' Association, it protected the interests of the peasants and guided them to care about the political struggle. From then on, the feudal forces such as the landed gentry did not dare to do whatever they wanted, the political power in the countryside was gradually transferred from the hands of the gentry to the Farmers' Association, and the prestige of the Farmers' Association was getting higher and higher, and the peasants' movement in SITC reached its heyday. At this time, Lufeng, Zijin, Huilai, Puning and other counties have also established the Farmers' Association organization. In May of the same year, the surges induced the reorganization of the SITC into the Huizhou Peasants' Association, and set up branches in SITC, Huiyang and Lufeng, and reorganized the Huizhou Peasants' Association into the Guangdong Provincial Peasants' Association in July. Branches were set up in each county. Peng Pei was the chairman of the executive committee of the Provincial Farmers' Association. The rapid development of the peasant movement in SITC, seriously hit the interests of the landlords and gentry, aroused the fear and hatred of the landlords and feudal forces, on August 16th, SITC was suddenly attacked by the reactionary army and police, the backbone of the peasant association 25 people were arrested, Peng Pei escaped from the scene and survived. After a difficult struggle, Peng Pei restored the SITC in March 1924, but soon after the warlord Chen Jiongming's death, Peng Pei was arrested by the police. But soon under the authorization of warlord Chen Jiongming, Wang Zuoxin, the governor of Haifeng County, announced to ban the Farmers' Association again. The Farmers' Association had to turn into a secretive state and the farmers' movement tended to be at a low ebb. Peng Peng was forced to leave SITC for Hong Kong.

The first national ****cooperation was realized in 1924, and Tan Pingshan, a member of the Central Committee of the C***, was then the Organization Minister of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. In order to carry out the workers and peasants movement, Tan Pingshan sent a special trip to Hong Kong to invite Peng Pei back to Guangzhou to accept the task. in early April, Peng Pei returned to Guangzhou both by Tan Pingshan introduced by the Socialist Youth League member to the Chinese **** production party members. According to the arrangement of the party organization, Peng湃 served as the secretary of the Farmer Department of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. Soon after, Lin Boqu, the minister of the Peasant Department, went to work in Hankou, and Peng Pei was actually in charge of the work of the Peasant Department. Peng湃利用国****合作的有利形势，以农民部代表的身份，深入到广宁、普宁、花县等各地，领导农民开展减租斗争和处理地主民团等反动势力围攻破坏农会等事件。 In the peasants' movement, Peng Pei was y impressed by the lack of cadres of the peasants' movement and the urgent need for public training of the cadres of the peasants' movement. In June of that year, at the 30th meeting of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, Peng Pei made a proposal to the meeting in the form of a proposal from the Ministry of Peasants to set up a peasants' movement workshop to train the cadres of the peasants' movement. The meeting discussed and approved the proposal and decided to appoint Peng as the first director of the Farmers' Movement Workshop. ○5After more than a month of preparation, the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop was officially opened on July 3rd. In the process of running the school, Peng Pei was not only in charge of the whole training work of the Farmers' Workshop, but also gave lectures to the students in person, analyzing the economic situation of the Chinese countryside, revealing the root causes of the exploitation and oppression of the peasants, and educating the students to fight for the cause of the liberation of the peasants. In the teaching method, Peng Pei pays great attention to the theory and practice, often personally rate the students to the rural outskirts of the city field study. In September 1925, Peng Pei hosted the Fifth Farmers' Lecture School and began to recruit students from other provinces to train cadres of the farmers' movement for the whole country. In May 1926, at the Sixth Peasant Movement Workshop organized by Mao Zedong, Peng Pei taught the students about the living conditions of peasants in Dongjiang and the experience of conducting the peasant movement. During this period, Peng Pei, with the encouragement and support of Chen Yannian, the secretary of the Guangdong District Committee of the C***, and Zhou Enlai, wrote a book entitled "Report on the Peasant Movement in Haifeng", which was published continuously in the publication "Chinese Peasants" organized by the Ministry of Peasants. In September 1926, Mao Zedong, in his preface to the "Peasant Movement" series, spoke highly of the Sai Feng Peasant Movement and suggested that The experience of the SITC Peasant Movement should be promoted to the whole country. In October, 2006, the Guangdong Peasants' Association renamed the "Report on the SITC Peasant Movement" as "The SITC Peasant Movement", and Zhou Enlai inscribed the title of the book, and in 1927, Mao Zedong founded the "Central Peasant Movement Workshop" in Wuchang, which made "The SITC Peasant Movement" one of the mandatory textbooks for the students. After the founding of New China, the book was reprinted and published. In foreign countries, there are English and Italian translations. It can be seen that the book "SITC Peasant Movement" has an important role and far-reaching influence in the history of the Chinese Revolution.

In 1924, just as the new revolutionary situation began to take shape after the establishment of the national ****cooperation, Chen Jiongming's rebel army entrenched in the Dongjiang area of Guangdong gathered reactionary armies all over Guangdong and plotted to attack Guangzhou and overthrow the Guangdong Revolutionary Government.At the beginning of 1925, the Guangdong Revolutionary Government decided to crusade against Chen Jiongming. Peng Pei, according to the instruction of the Guangdong Regional Committee of the C***, immediately sent people to inform the leaders who insisted on the secret struggle in Haifeng and mobilized the peasants to support and meet the expeditionary force, and Peng Pei went to the front line of the expeditionary force and was responsible for the restoration of the Farmers' Association and the organization of the peasants to support the expeditionary force in battle.On February 27th, after the expeditionary force entered and occupied Haifeng, the masses strongly demanded for the reduction of rents, the abolition of donations, and the establishment of the peasants' armed forces. Peng Pei immediately restored the SITC and established the Peasant Self-Defense Army to implement rent reduction and suppress the illegal landlords and gentry. In order to further strengthen the leadership of the revolutionary work in SITC, a special branch of the C*** SITC was established in April, with Peng Pei as the secretary of the special branch. Under the leadership of the special branch, mass organizations such as the Women's Liberation Association, the Merchants' and Citizens' Association, the Teachers' and Staff Association, and the Young Peasants' and Workers' Club were also established. The revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses was unprecedentedly high, and SITC presented a vibrant revolutionary scene. Just when the revolutionary situation in SITC was in full swing, in early June, the rebellion of Yang Ximin, a warlord of the Gui system, took place in Guangzhou. The Eastern Expeditionary Army had to return to Guangzhou to suppress the Liu and Yang rebellions. Chen Jiongming took the opportunity to return to Hailufeng. in early October, the National Revolutionary Army started the second eastward expedition, and the eastward expeditionary army entered Hailufeng in the second half of that month, Chen Jiongming's department was annihilated, and Peng Pei returned to Hailufeng. In early November, Peng Pei was transferred back to Guangzhou with Ruan Xiaoxian to take part in the work of preparing for the establishment of the Guangdong Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang and was elected as the Minister of the Farmer Department of the Provincial Party Department. He utilized this open and legal position to lead the peasant movement in Guangdong, which developed greatly in the province.

Four, participated in leading the Nanchang Uprising

March 1927, Peng Pei left Guangzhou to go to Wuhan to participate in the Fifth National Congress of the Chinese **** Producers Party. In the party's fifth national congress was elected as a member of the central committee, after the meeting, Peng Pei stayed in Wuhan is responsible for the work of the National Farmers Association. early June, the attack left Wuhan secretly went to Nanchang tour of duty. Following the April 12 Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, July 15 Wang Jingwei in Wuhan by launched a counter-revolutionary argument. In order to resist the massacre of the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Central Committee of the C*** decided to hold an armed uprising in Nanchang, and decided to form the C*** Front Enemy Committee with Zhou Enlai as the secretary and Peng Pei, Li Lisan and Yun Daiying as the committee members, to lead the uprising. on August 1, the uprising troops captured Nanchang, and in the morning of the same day, they formed the " China Nationalist Revolutionary Committee" with the C*** party members as the core, and the Kuomintang leftists as the members. The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party" as the revolutionary power institutions after the uprising, Peng Pei was appointed as a member of the Revolutionary Committee, the Agriculture and Labor Movement Committee. The victory of the Nanchang Uprising made the Kuomintang reactionaries extremely panic and hurriedly mobilized troops to surround Nanchang. In view of the seriousness of the situation, the Frontier Committee decided to withdraw from Nanchang and go south to Guangdong, and planned to take Dongjiang first, Guangzhou second, with Guangzhou as the base of the revolution, and re-penalized. on August 3, the insurgent army withdrew from Nanchang, and Peng Pei and the Agricultural and Labor Movement Committee went south with the army. on August 7, the central committee of the **** held an emergency meeting in Hankou, and Peng Pei, although he didn't take part in the meeting, was elected as a member of the Provisional Central Committee Politburo. on August 11, the Provisional Central Committee Politburo decided to set up a new committee, which was formed by the Central Committee. On August 11, the Political Bureau of the Provisional Central Committee decided to set up the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee, Peng Pei is a member of the Southern Bureau. On the way to the south of the insurgent army, Peng Pei personally carried out propaganda and agitation work to boost the morale of the troops; on the other hand, he held a mass meeting with the Committee of Agricultural and Labor Movement to publicize the agrarian revolution and punished a number of landlords and shady gentry. on September 24th, Peng Pei led the vanguard of the insurgent army to enter into Shantou. In order to unify the command of the workers and peasants in the Chaoshan area, the headquarters of the Dongjiang Workers and Peasants Self-Defense Army was immediately set up, with Peng Pei as the commander-in-chief. The insurgent army held a mass meeting in Shantou, which was attended by more than 10,000 people. Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Peng Pei attended the meeting, and Zhou Enlai and Peng Pei delivered speeches at the meeting. on September 26, He Long and Ye Ting led the insurgent army westward, ready to seize Huizhou, and Peng Pei led the personnel of the General Command of the Dongjiang Workers and Peasants Self-Defense Army to accompany the army, and was responsible for the establishment of the local authority and logistics. on September 28, the insurgent army battled with the enemy army for more than a day in Tangkeng, Shanhu, and lost the battle because of being outnumbered. The rebel army then moved towards Hailufeng. On October 3, Zhou Enlai held a meeting in Liusha Town, Puning, and decided that some leading comrades should go to Hong Kong and Shanghai, and the troops should be transferred to Hailufeng. on October 7, Peng Pei, Li Lisan and Yun Daiying withdrew to Lufeng, and then took a boat to Hong Kong from Lufeng.

Fifth, the establishment of our country's first workers, peasants and soldiers regime - Hailufeng Soviet

In the Lotus Hill was thwarted by the enemy intercepted the Nanchang Uprising Army, the 24th Division of the remaining more than 1,200 people, broke out of the siege after the transfer of the Hailufeng area, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Bureau of the Southern Department of the Ministry of the Chinese Workers, Peasants, and Revolutionary Army, the second division (i.e., Red Division) Fourth Regiment. On October 30th, the workers and peasants of Hailefeng, with the cooperation of the Second Red Division, accepted the lessons of the failure of the two armed uprisings in April and September of the same year, and held the third armed uprising. on November 8th, Peng Pei was dispatched by the central government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to return to Hailefeng from Hong Kong to serve as the secretary of the Dongjiang Special Committee of the PRC, and to make all-out efforts to lead the people of the counties of Hailefeng and Lufeng to prepare for the Congress of the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers, and to organize a meeting of the workers and peasants. Preparing for the workers, peasants and soldiers congress, the establishment of the soviet regime. November 18 to 21, SITC workers, peasants and soldiers congress was held, Peng Pei on behalf of the party central committee made a political report in the congress, the congress elected the soviet government of seafeng county. december 1, seafeng tens of thousands of people in the county red field held a celebration meeting, peng pei in the celebration of the meeting spoke. After the establishment of the soviets in SITC and Lufeng, they immediately carried out the land revolution and mobilized the peasants to collect the land deeds, rent books and account books of the landlords and burned them. And enlisted more than a thousand young people to form the fifth regiment of the second division of the red, in order to strengthen the armed forces. in January 1928, after the failure of the guangzhou uprising, a part of the insurrectionary army was reorganized into the Chinese workers and peasants revolutionary army fourth division (i.e., the red division), led by yeh yong, yuan yu, xu xiangqian under the ground of Haifeng, so that sea and land in the area increased a living force. Under the leadership of the Dongjiang Special Committee, centered on HaiLuFeng in the southwest of Dongjiang HuiYang, Zijin, Wuhua, Puning, Huilai, ChaoYang Soviet area rapidly expanding.

The establishment of the Hailufeng Soviet and the continuous expansion of the Dongjiang Soviet area greatly shocked the Kuomintang reactionaries.

In February 1928, the enemy's three suits of four troopships attacked Hailufeng in four directions. In the face of the enemy's powerful offensive, Peng Pei and the Dongjiang Special Committee led the Red Army and the workers and peasants of Hailufeng armed with the incoming enemy fought a bloody battle, and at the end of February, Hailufeng fell into the hands of the enemy. Although the second division of the Red Army, the fourth division of the Red Army and the workers and peasants of Hailufeng had counterattacked many times to recapture Haifeng, they failed to capture it because of the disparity between the enemy's and our strength. Peng Pei led the Red Army and the workers and peasants armed transfer to stretch in Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai three seemingly large south mountainous area. In extremely difficult conditions, adhere to guerrilla warfare. In July of this year, the sixth national congress held in Moscow, Peng Pei did not participate in the congress, but was elected as a member of the Central Committee, the Central Political Bureau alternate member. late August, Peng Pei was ordered to leave the Dongjiang, the red second division, the red division of the leaders of the four divisions have also been withdrawn. </P><P> Sixth, the fight in the white terror of Shanghai

November 1928, in accordance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee, Peng Pei and his wife Xu Bing arrived in Shanghai, at first living in the West Road (now Yan'an Middle Road) Bai Lu Li. At that time, Shanghai was under the rule of the Kuomintang's White Terror, Peng Pei then assumed the name of Prince An, and came to Shanghai to do business as a cover. In April and May of the following year, he moved to Wanxiao Li on Jing'an Temple Road. After arriving in Shanghai, Peng Pei became the secretary of the Central Agricultural Committee and the secretary of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China. At that time, the armed peasant riots all over Jiangsu had failed successively, and Peng Pei often studied the work of the peasant movement after the failure of the riots with the provincial party committee. At the 18th meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, Peng Pei expressed his views on the "Notice of the Peasant Movement" discussed at the meeting. The notice of the Peasant Movement is about the struggle of the Dafu Nong in the Peasant Movement, which is very important, and it is not right to talk about union or defeat", "I advocate that the notice can not be issued". Peng Pei not only pay attention to the policy of the rich peasants in the peasant movement, but also pay more attention to the work of the hired peasants in the peasant movement. In May and June, he wrote the Outline of the Work of the Hired Peasants, in which he put forward the criteria for dividing the composition of the hired peasants in the countryside, analyzed the position and role of the hired peasants in the peasant movement, and raised the question of the proletariat's education of the peasants.

Liangtian, before the Spring Festival of 1929, Peng Pei attended a meeting of the Zhabei District Committee of the C***, which discussed the issue of job placement of the notification of the return of students from the Soviet Union. Immediately after the meeting, Peng Pei wrote a letter to the Party Central Committee to report to the Zhabei District Committee meeting to discuss the situation. Peng remembered in the middle of the letter to the Central Committee of the comrades who came back from studying in the Soviet Union, should again undergo a short period of training, and know the local party organizations to train them. The Central Organization Department replied to Peng Pei on February 23, affirming its opinion.

Peng Pei was also very concerned about the struggle strategy of the workers' movement, and in May 1929, workers in the engine room of the Shanghai Concession Tramway Company and those in the car room were incited by the capitalists to fight each other. In this regard, Peng Pai wrote an article entitled "The Transformation and Depth of the Struggle", which was published in "Education Weekly", the organ publication of Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee. Peng Pei pointed out in the article, the party organization should not take on both sides of the persuasion, mediation approach, "when should be in the masses to expose the capitalists provoke workers to fight the evil, encourage them to fist-pumping, courage 100 times the unanimity to deal with the capitalists, ...... this is called the strategy of the transformation of the struggle. " ○71929 July, the Party Central Committee decided to transfer Peng Pei back to the Central Committee to strengthen the work of the Agricultural Committee.August 15, slammed the last time to participate in the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee. At the meeting Peng Pei once again emphasized the Party's development work and raised some noteworthy issues regarding the struggle of Xuzhou's hired peasants, the struggle of the Lieshan coal mines and Suqian's anti-rent struggle .

VII. Struggle in Prison

Peng Pei decided to go back to the Central Committee, in order to hand over the work of the Provincial Military Commission, on August 24, 1929, in Xinzha Road, Jingyuanli (now Lane 613), No. 12, the Secretary of the Central Military Commission, Bai Xin's residence. The meeting was attended by Yang Yin, alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China (CPC) and Minister of the Central Military Department, Yan Changyi, member of the Central Military Commission and Secretary of the Military Commission of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, Xing Shizhen, head of the Soldiers' Section of the Central Military Commission and member of the Military Commission of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and Zhang Jichun, Deputy Chief of the Pickets of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions. Unexpectedly, Bai Xin defected to the enemy and snitched the content, time and place of the meeting to Fan Qiangbo, a member of the executive committee of the Shanghai Party Department of the Kuomintang and the chief of the Intelligence Department. When the meeting was in progress, suddenly surrounded by the rent of the Bureau of Ministry of Public Works and the Kuomintang Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, the result of the meeting of Peng Pei and other five people were sent to the enemy sent to the new locks arrest house custody. 26 and was "extradited" to the Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, in the Shui Xian Temple Detention Center for trial. The first Shenwen, Peng Pei claimed to be Prince An, from Fujian to Shanghai business. The second interrogation, it is not expected to recognize Peng Pei of the Nationalist Party of Guangdong Province, Shantou City Mayor Fang Nai Bin to identify, Peng Pei know that has been unable to hide, will be in the courtroom for more than an hour of impassioned speech, recounting what he did in the Hailufeng Peasant Movement, the establishment of the Hailufeng Soviets, punishing the landlords and gentry counter-revolutionary experience, and indignation to the enemy, said: "like you counter-revolutionary party, we in the I don't know how much we killed in Hailufeng, you don't have to ask again now, will