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Japanese traditional residence is a Japanese civil residence gradually formed after the introduction of Buddhist architecture into Japan. Traditional Japanese architects emphasize the overall ecological design. They explore the deep essence of space with keen senses, and then transform it into elements of architectural space, and create a unique Japanese aesthetics of "emptiness, emptiness and silence" with simple elements such as collapsed rice, bamboo stone and paper wood. This book shows the pure and harmonious style of Japan from 65,438+02 typical traditional Japanese architectural forms such as teahouses, houses, villas, hotels, samurai houses and Tian She houses.

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Sustainable development of ancient Japanese architecture

The foyer of a Japanese house

Contemporary Japanese traditional residence

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Sustainable development of ancient Japanese architecture

Ancient times:

Asuka era, Nara era, heian period (553~ 1 183) (including the rope pattern era, yayoi era and ancient grave era before Asuka era).

Medieval times:

Including Kamakura era and Muromachi era (1 184~ 1572).

Modern times are Taoshan era and Edo era (1573~ 1867).

According to the types of research objects, there are temples, shrines, houses, cities, battlements, tea rooms and so on.

Asuka period

Asuka period (553 ~ 544) was the beginning of the real systematic development of Japanese architecture. Although the architecture of this period no longer exists today, the so-called bird-like architecture has survived, that is, the oldest existing wooden building in the world-Horyuji.

Another important aspect of architectural research in Asuka period is the massive excavation of post-war temple sites. Through archaeological research on site excavation, a number of valuable and reliable empirical materials have been obtained.

peacetime

Heian period is one of the most distinctive periods in the history of Japanese architecture. In the four centuries from the late 8th century to the12nd century, the development of Japanese architecture experienced an important period of evolution. In short, it is the evolution of tang style to gentle wind, or the Japanese style of architecture in the Tang Dynasty. In content, Buddhist architecture is still the mainstream. Under the influence of Tang culture, esoteric religion and pure land Sect prevailed. Therefore, the research on the architectural history of heian period in Japan is basically centered on the architectural research of Tantric and Nestorianism.

There are Tiantai Sect and Yanzhen Sect in Japanese esoteric Buddhism, and Liyan Temple in Daiben Mountain and Jingangfeng Temple in Keya Mountain are naturally the focus of esoteric temple architecture research. In addition, East Temple, Daiguo Temple, Muruosheng Temple and Dangma Temple are also important bases of esoteric religion.

Nara era

Nara period (645~80) was the golden age of Japanese classical architecture, during which Buddhist temple architecture was particularly prosperous, which laid the foundation of Japan's so-called harmonious architecture system. A considerable number of wooden temple buildings in this period have survived to this day. Famous representatives include Dongda Temple, Xiwei Temple, Yangle Temple, Yuanxing Temple, Guangfu Temple, Daianji Temple and Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty.

Japanese culture is deeply influenced by China culture, and the form of architecture is no exception, especially Japanese architecture in the Middle Ages. It can be divided into three styles, namely Hehe architecture, Tang architecture and Tianzhu architecture. Among them, the so-called Tang-style architecture is the architectural style that originated in China during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zen had the greatest influence on Japanese medieval culture, so Tang-style architecture was also called Zen-style architecture. At this time, the introduction of China culture not only enriched Japanese religious culture, but also brought Japanese architectural culture into a new era. It also makes all kinds of artistic expressions in Japan, whether it is architecture, gardens, traditional tea ceremony or even the performance of energy drama, full of high Zen, creating a quiet meditation space and making people's hearts clearer and simpler.

Japanese tea ceremony is developed on the basis of "daily tea and rice", which links daily life with religion, philosophy, ethics and aesthetics and becomes a comprehensive cultural and artistic activity. It is not only material enjoyment, but also aims to cultivate temperament and cultivate people's aesthetic and moral concepts through tea parties and learning tea ceremony.

Traditional Japanese architects emphasize the overall ecological design. They explore the deep essence of space with keen senses, and then transform it into elements of architectural space, and create a unique Japanese aesthetics of "emptiness, emptiness and silence" with simple elements such as collapsed rice, bamboo stone and paper wood. This book shows the pure and harmonious style of Japan from the typical traditional Japanese architectural forms such as 12 teahouse, folk houses, mountain villas, hotels, samurai houses and Tian She houses.

In recent years, Japanese architecture has begun to blend into western style. Although the style looks very western-style, part of the room is still made into a harmonious style, and the style of tatami has also been preserved.

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The foyer of a Japanese house

The foyer of Japanese houses is very particular.

The formal entrance and exit of a general building is called "porch". When visiting traditional houses, guests first stop in front of the slightly solemn "porch" to tell their purpose, then pull open the sliding door and enter the flat land called "Sanhe Earth". The family greeted the guests in a small room facing the apartment. After the greeting, the guests took off their shoes and walked to a higher floor (called "Japanese platform") and were led into the inner room.

A "porch" is a space that separates indoor and outdoor. At the same time, it is also an indispensable space for Japanese who are used to taking off their shoes. Now even collective houses such as apartments are bound to have a "porch", although it is a simplified "porch".

"Xuan" was originally a Buddhist term, referring to the entrance of a Zen temple. However, it is said that the word also has a strict introduction to Zen. Monks who practice attach great importance to "porch" and regard it as the first step of monasticism. Around the17th century, samurai began to build a space with a "terrace" at the entrance of the mansion, and called it "porch". Later, some wealthy businessmen began to build "porches" in their houses. Gradually, "porches" spread to ordinary houses.

In modern times, "porch" is considered as the "holy land" with the highest style in the family. As the boundary between "inside" and "outside", "porch" can be said to be the "face" of every household, so people often decorate "porch" with flowers or other decorations. Because this is an important space, there are many rules.

For example, when visiting other people's homes, you must take off your coat and hat outside and put on your clothes before you can enter the "porch"; When you come back from the funeral, you should sprinkle some salt on your body to lead an honest and clean life, and then brush off the filth before you can enter the "Xuan"; Take off your shoes and pay attention to etiquette and rules. Take off your shoes, align your toes and face the door. At the same time, shoes should be placed slightly near the edge, not in the middle.

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Contemporary Japanese traditional residence

Traditional Japanese architects emphasize the overall ecological design. They explore the deep essence of space with keen senses, and then transform it into elements of architectural space, and create a unique Japanese aesthetics of "emptiness, emptiness and silence" with simple elements such as collapsed rice, bamboo stone and paper wood. This book shows the pure and harmonious style of Japan from 65,438+02 typical traditional Japanese architectural forms such as teahouses, houses, villas, hotels, samurai houses and Tian She houses.

The emergence of modern Japanese architecture

Appearance of modern Japanese architecture: In recent years, Japanese architecture has begun to blend into western style. Although it looks western-style, part of the room is still made into a harmonious style, and the tatami style has also been preserved.

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