Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of classical management theory.

The appearance of classical management theory was caused by the scientific management revolution initiated by Taylor at the beginning of the 20th century. Taylor, Fa Yueer and Weber, the representatives of classical management theory, solved the management problems of enterprises and social organizations from three different angles: workshop workers, office general managers and organizations, which provided guidance and scientific theoretical methods for the society at that time to solve the problems of labor-capital relations, management principles and principles, production efficiency and so on in enterprise organizations. According to American economist Rostow's five-stage theory of economic growth, the development of human society has gone through three stages: traditional stage, pre-takeoff stage, takeoff stage, mature stage and high consumption stage. Classical management theory mainly includes Weber's bureaucratic management, Taylor's scientific management and Fa Yueer's general management principles. Its contribution lies in: highlighting the importance of adopting scientific methods in management; It is pointed out that persistent study will continuously improve working methods; Many important principles for the effective operation of the organization are determined; The potential importance of salary as an incentive factor is emphasized.

In the development and evolution of management thought in the past hundred years, compared with later management theories and schools, classical management theory has two most remarkable characteristics:

First of all, efficiency is the strongest theme of classical management. At the beginning of the birth of management science, the problem to be solved is quite realistic, that is, by finding and applying scientific management means and methods, we should try our best to improve production efficiency and reduce the necessary labor of enterprises and society. No matter Taylor and his followers, or Fa Yueer and Weber, although they have different theoretical horizons and academic viewpoints, they all regard scientific management as a method and means to improve work efficiency. Taylor's research on efficiency is mainly carried out through the standardization and scientification of field work. Taylor gave a loose definition of management: "Know exactly what you want workers to do, and then try to make them finish it in the best and most economical way." No matter the abstract management principles and theories in Taylor system or the specific management methods and technologies, they all point to the core of efficiency.

Second, the classical management theory has a strong color of empiricism and technicalism. As far as the theoretical sources of classical management theory and even the whole management science are concerned, there are two main categories: one is to absorb ideological resources through the infiltration of other disciplines; The other is the summary and popularization of practical experience. Obviously, the formation of classical management theory is the crystallization of practical experience. Its founders belong to the "Jiangshan" generation, most of whom are from factories and mines. Their understanding of management comes from personal practice at the grassroots level or from long-term experience in managing specific organizations.

Advantages of classical management theory (historical contribution);

Classical management theory is the foundation of modern management theory, and the problems to be solved by classical management theory are also the problems to be solved by modern management theory, so classical management theory still has a strong guiding and reference function for the research of modern management theory.

2. Classical management theory still plays a great guiding role in today's enterprise management, and plays an irreplaceable role in improving quality and work efficiency. Its management method is still very important for today's enterprise management.

3. The classical management theory was established under the background of the development level of productivity at that time, which was related to the development level of productivity at that time, or the classical management theory was adapted to its corresponding productivity level.

Disadvantages of classical management theory:

1. is a classic management theory, which does not make an in-depth study of human nature, and the exploration of human nature only stays in the category of economic man.

2. The classical management theory only regards the object of management as an objective existence, which is not abstract to some extent. Although this objective existence is summarized and some regular understandings and principles are put forward, the management object is not raised to a systematic understanding.

3. Classical management theory focuses on the interior of management objective existence, that is, studying the interior of production department, with how to improve productivity as the management goal. Modern management theory takes the market on which enterprises depend as the research object and the consumers as the consideration focus.

4. Classical management theory pays little attention to the development environment of enterprises.