Characteristics of Ancient Architecture in China

1) Open period: primitive society-Han Dynasty; Features: China's wood structure construction technology has been gradually improved. People have mastered the technology of tamping soil, burning bricks and building stone buildings.

2) Development period: Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties; Features: The output, quality and wood framing technology of bricks and tiles are improved. A large number of Buddhist buildings have been built.

3) Maturity: Sui and Tang Dynasties; Features: The application of bricks is more extensive, the firing of glass is more advanced, and the proportion of building components is gradually finalized.

4) Great transformation period: Song Dynasty; Features: The specifications of buildings in Song Dynasty are generally smaller than those in Tang Dynasty, but they are more beautiful, gorgeous and varied, and various complex halls, attics, platforms and other forms have appeared.

5) Development period: Yuan Dynasty; Features: A large number of Tibetan Buddhist temples and Islamic temples have been built. The architectural art of Tibetan Buddhism and Islam has influenced the whole country.

6) Peak period: Ming and Qing Dynasties; Features: The output of bricks has greatly increased, and the quantity and quality of glazed tiles have surpassed that of any previous dynasty. Official buildings have been highly standardized and modeled.

By the Tang Dynasty, the architecture had a unified planning, and the architecture was under the control of the "Ministry of Rites" and divided into grades. The buildings in the Tang Dynasty all use the combination of scarlet and white to produce bright, pleasing, concise and lively color beauty.

Yellow has become the exclusive color of the royal family. Yellow and red are used in palaces and temples. Red, cyan and blue are the official colors of Wang Fu. Only black, gray and white can be used in private houses. It can be said that the Tang Dynasty used color to safeguard the interests of the ruling class.

The buildings in the Tang Dynasty are magnificent, simple in shape and magnificent. During this period, the application of bricks was more extensive, the firing of colored glaze was more advanced, and the comparison of building components was gradually finalized.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of architectural development in the history of China. The main halls of nanzenji and Beijushi in Wutai Mountain are well preserved, but many murals have not been preserved and recorded. In addition, pagodas are spread all over the country, and the decorative art of Datang is fascinating because of its thick and straight building components, simple style and strong and rich aesthetic feeling.

Straight lattice windows prevailed in the Tang dynasty, and the patterns on the window lattice were turtle brocade and dense ball pattern. There are often murals on indoor walls, and the ceiling form is very simple. At this time, "halo" was initially used for color painting composition, which had certain enlightenment to the color painting based on the principle of anti-halo and halo in Song Dynasty.

In the use of patterns, in addition to lotus petals, long and narrow lace is often rolled into ribbon patterns with grass, or characters are mixed in the rolled grass patterns. These patterns are not only rich in composition, but also smooth and beautiful in lines. It is also often arranged alternately with hemispheres and whole balls, and there are rich decorative patterns such as palindromes, beads, tassels, flame patterns and flying immortals.