Discover the beauty of Minnan architecture

The styles and personalities of different regions are different, but the harmonious * * * is in the land of China, blending with the wonderful taste of China. This kind of harmony is the essence of China's spirit, and the highest artistic realm is harmony without difference, and harmony without difference.

The unique features of each region are a treasure, and the elements of each region are truly original in China. If we can infiltrate the elements of China, and then innovate, or seek inspiration from it, and organically combine with contemporary design, it is contemporary China design that keeps pace with the times. In this issue, we will walk into Minnan area of China and taste its uniqueness.

Fujian refers to the south of Fujian, including Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Longyan. But geographically, Minnan refers to Quanzhou, Xiamen and Zhangzhou, commonly known as the Golden Triangle of Minnan.

Ancient blunder

The ancient mistake is the most typical residential type in Quanzhou. Material: ceramic tile, stone and red brick.

Features: Bucket wood frame is used as the load-bearing structure, and hard gable roof is used. The roof is curved and inclined, and the angle of the roof is "dovetail" gorgeous and moving.

The red brick walls in southern Fujian reflect its regional style, which is in sharp regional contrast with the white walls and black tiles in the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. However, no matter how it changes, the main tone of red bricks is the distinctive feature of southern Fujian, forming the so-called southern Fujian style.

The most important feature of the structure and decoration of the ancient wall in southern Fujian is the mixing of stones, followed by the harmonious contrast effect of white granite and red decorative tiles in color formation. Most of the ancient buildings in southern Fujian are in the form of bare walls pointing. On the wall, some ancient buildings in southern Fujian are mixed with "regular" red bricks and "regular" stones according to a certain arrangement pattern, creating another sense of form.

balcony

Use cylindrical arcades along the street. The height of the building has two floors, three floors and four floors. Single buildings are mostly vertical in depth, and the buildings are connected to form a Shili commercial street.

There are shops in front of the street, and most of them are used for living and stacking goods. The kitchen and bathroom are set in the back, which is very convenient for office and life. Features: summer can cover the hot sun, rainy days can avoid wind and rain.

Towel material

Shoujin Liaocuo is a common street building type in Quanzhou ancient dwellings. In a longitudinally extending strip shape. 3 to 4 meters wide, single-room wooden structure. It has a deep atmosphere.

It consists of hall, patio, main hall, back room of hall, small patio, big room, back room, peeping feet, back tail or back drop. There are two falls and three falls, and there are serial lanes in the house. The houses in this community are small, friendly and simple to decorate.

Western architecture

Also known as "Fanzilou", it is novel in shape and flexible in plane layout. Local traditional forms are combined with foreign styles, especially doors and windows, outlines and decorations with foreign flavor.

Building materials: cement (cement), steel bars, cement tiles, stained glass, etc.

For example, Gongxing Villa in the suburb of Shishi, Lu Lin Cuo in Nan 'an and Li Zhai in Qinglong Lane in Licheng represent the outstanding achievements of early contact between Chinese and Western cultures in the modern architectural history of China.

Rammed earth circular building

The earth building faces south, with a civil structure and a circular roof in Fenshui County. Wall foundation (toe) thickness 1.2m, lintel rockfill, upper rammed earth. The arches on the east, west and north sides are entrances and exits, and diabase stone plaques are embedded in the lintels.

Each door has a double door panel device, and the outer door panel is equipped with nail-sealing iron sheet to prevent external fire. The exterior walls and doors are equipped with defensive facilities such as gun holes, and the interior is a three-story building with a bucket-type wooden frame, and the surrounding corridors are equipped with wooden handrails. There are prismatic quadrangular flat houses in the atrium of the earth building, with seven steps leading to the building respectively.

A large well was dug in the courtyard for domestic water supply, and a round eight diagrams was made with slate, with more than 100 rooms, which made the building unique.

Baotulou

Built on the mountain, the basic feature is a tall and thick castle wall with music tracks and watchtowers, and building units such as ancestral halls, wing rooms, guard rooms and kitchens are built in the wall. Reasonable and symmetrical layout, simultaneous prevention and residence, design according to local conditions, and make full use of natural conditions; Basically, the village or family is the organizational unit, with complete functions, such as residence, education (supporting colleges and study rooms) and clerical services; Decoration is rich in local characteristics of central Fujian, with high-grade wood carving, gray plastic and painting, and rich traditional culture.

Stone house

All-granite residential buildings constitute the unique features of Quanzhou coastal residential buildings. Because granite is rich in local resources, it is naturally widely used as a cheap and beautiful building material.

Especially in Hui 'an, Jinjiang, Nan 'an and other places, most of them adapt to local conditions and turn those abrupt and rugged stones into stone architectural wonders in Quanzhou. Whether it is wall foundation, wall, column foundation, column, floor, doors and windows, stone railings, stone stairs, or even the whole neighborhood, it is exquisitely carved everywhere, showing Quanzhou people's unique feelings for stones everywhere.

Detail 1: dovetail ridge

The front ridges of the roofs of ancient buildings in southern Fujian are either saddle ridges or dovetail ridges, which are graceful curves with slightly warped ends in the middle depression. The dovetail ridge is more formal, with both ends sticking out high and tilting upwards, tapering gradually and flying lightly.

If it is a five-room house, there are two more swallowtails on the roof, as if a big one, a small one and two pairs of wings are flying. Swallowtail eaves are rarely used in residential buildings in all parts of China. In order to defend against typhoons, houses are usually built low and calm, but the eaves are very high, which brings a feeling of flying upwards. From the color point of view, the bottom is the foot of the white stone wall, and the top is red brick and red tile. The contrast between red and white is vivid and moving.

Detail 2: Cut porcelain carving

The wonderful roof composed of flying dragons and colorful flowers and plants on the roof of ancient buildings is breathtaking.

Shuanglong playing with pearls, Eight Immortals crossing the sea, making love in Taoyuan, phoenix falling in the morning ... This wonderful performance and exquisite modeling are actually made of broken porcelain bowls. This kind of art, commonly known as heap cutting, also known as porcelain carving, is a traditional and folk handicraft skill.

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