Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Borel's model How the potential energy of the electron is derived
Borel's model How the potential energy of the electron is derived
First of all, the hydrogen atom is the best specimen because it has only 1 electron, and this electron has no orbital angular momentum, which means that this electron moves in a uniform circular motion around the hydrogen nucleus: the Coulomb gravitational force provides the centripetal force: ke?/r?=mv?/r......①.
Electron's potential energy Ep in Coulomb field is derivative of gravitational force to distance, Ep=dF/dr=-ke?/r......② to infinity as zero potential energy surface
Electron's kinetic energy Ek=0.5mv?......③ , substituting ① into ③, we have Ek=0.5ke?/r=ke?/2r......④.
Total electron energy E=Ek+Ep=-ke?/2r≈-9×(10^9)Nm?/C?×[1.6×10^(-19)C]? ÷ [2 × 5.292 × 10^(-11)m] ≈ -2.17687 × 10^(-18)J ≈ -13.60544eV
Where 9 × (10^9)Nm?/C? is the Coulomb constant, 1.6 × 10^(-19)C is the electron charge, and 5.292 × 10^(-11)m is the first Bohr radius of the hydrogen atom, the radius of electron rotation in the ground state of the hydrogen atom.
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