How are Japanese comics made? What software?

Mainly hand-painted. Software is only post-synthesis.

Conan's 10,000 expressions were hand-painted and scanned into the computer, but some of them were made by the computer.

Miyazaki Hayao has the highest proportion of hand-drawn animation and the most expensive production cost. It's called pure hand painting.

Celluloid is first photographed into film, and the computer is responsible for post-processing. The practice of celluloid is also the traditional practice of 24 grids, which is caused by the visual error of human visual pause, that is, every 1 second, 24 pictures are used instead of one picture. In the end, everyone will feel animated, which is what we call animation. Flash is called vector animation. It is a computer that uses formulas to determine the motion direction of components. The disadvantage is that it is too regular. Although it is more convenient than celluloid, it is too stiff. There are many uncertainties in celluloid animation, and the fidelity is adjusted by animators, so flash is mostly used for advertising. Due to historical problems, the software currently used is the continuation of traditional animation technology, such as animo and Retas. At present, the animation production process in Japan is generally as follows: draw the original and animation on paper, then scan it to the computer, import the image sequence into the software, color it, synthesize it, add special effects into the later software, and then edit it. This process is semi-paperless, which does not mean that the whole production cannot be completed in the computer, because, for example, the drawing function of retas is not flexible, but it can meet the requirements. However, the traditional animation technology in Japan has trained too many such paper animators, and it is very troublesome to completely change the process.