What do you mean by Dewey's three centers?

The third center is centered on teachers, textbooks and classrooms, while the new third center is centered on students, experiences and activities.

Difference 2:

The third middle school puts teachers in the main position, emphasizing the one-way imparting and instilling of knowledge in the classroom and students' passive learning. The new "three centers" correct the relationship between teachers and students, emphasizing that knowledge is actively constructed based on students' own experience, and the teaching method is independent, cooperative and inquiry teaching.

Extended data:

Dewey's theory is the representative of modern education theory, which is different from the old three-center theory of traditional education, such as classroom center, teaching material center and teacher center. He put forward the new three-center theory of children center (student center), activity center and experience center.

(A) Education is "life", "growth" and "experience transformation"

Education can transmit the accumulated experience of human beings, enrich the content of human experience, and enhance the ability of experience to guide life and adapt to society, thus maintaining and developing social life. Broadly speaking, it is the education that individuals contact and interact with others in social life, gradually expand and improve their own experience, develop moral quality and acquire knowledge and skills.

Because transforming experience must be closely combined with life and transforming experience can promote personal growth, Dewey summed up "education is life", "education is growth" and "education is experience transformation".

(B) Aimless education theory

In Dewey's mind, in an undemocratic and unequal society, education is only the purpose imposed on the educated by external forces. A democratic society is different. We should pursue the theory of aimlessness. In fact, in the era of class struggle and proletarian revolution, Dewey emphasized the effectiveness of education in improving society, and the class nature of Dewey's teleology of education was obvious.

"School is society"

Dewey believes that people's participation in the real life of society is a proper way to grow physically and mentally and transform their experience. Therefore, teachers should turn the classroom of imparting knowledge into a paradise for children's activities, guide children to actively participate in activities, unconsciously develop moral character and acquire knowledge in activities, and realize the transformation of life, growth and experience.

(D) Teaching theory

Based on the theory that education is the transformation of life, growth and experience, Dewey attaches importance to teaching materials and teaching methods. Make a statement different from the traditional concept.

1, in the choice of teaching materials, Dewey proposed that "the real center of the relationship between school disciplines is not science ... but children's own social activities." Specifically, the school arranges all kinds of homework and introduces basic human things into the school as teaching materials.

2. In teaching methods, Dewey advocated "learning by doing". He believes that the knowledge that children gain by attending classes and reading books instead of activities is illusory.

(E) the theory of moral education

Dewey said: "Morality is the highest and ultimate goal of education." "Moral process and educational process are unified." Dewey believes that moral education plays an important role in education. Dewey strongly emphasized that morality is the force to promote social progress. In practice, Dewey first advocates "cultivating children's moral quality through activities", and then requires combining intellectual education to achieve the purpose of moral education. Moreover, he attaches great importance to the moral education function of educational methods.

(6) Child-centered theory

Dewey put forward the idea of "children-centered" in the process of criticizing the old education, that is, "innovation" in the process of "dilapidated".

In Dewey's view, in traditional education, "the focus of the school is outside the children, on the teachers, on the textbooks, wherever you are happy, not in the children's own immediate instincts and activities", and the textbooks are "the main representatives of past knowledge and wisdom" and "the teachers are the bodies that effectively connect students with textbooks, and the teachers are the spokespersons for imparting knowledge and skills and implementing the code of conduct".

Therefore, the disadvantages of traditional education are obvious: "Traditional lesson plans are essentially instilled from above and outside. It imposes adult standards, teaching materials and methods on children who have just grown up and matured. The gap is so great that the prescribed teaching materials, learning and action methods have nothing to do with children's existing abilities.

Although excellent teachers want to use artistic skills to cover up this compulsion and reduce its obvious rudeness, they must instill it in children. Because traditional education focuses on teachers and textbooks rather than children's instincts and activities, children can only be "trained", "guided and controlled" and "brutally suppressed by tyranny".

Hu Shi is one of Dewey's disciples and a faithful believer in his experimental philosophy, and introduced Dewey's experimental philosophy and educational thought to China in the early 20th century.