When was Fujian Tulou approved as a "World Cultural Heritage"?

On the morning of July 7, 2008, Beijing time, at the 32nd World Heritage Conference held in Quebec City, Canada, 46 Fujian earth buildings were officially listed in the World Heritage List. \x0d\\x0d\ Hearing the long-awaited news, Lin Rigeng, a tour guide of Tulou, opened a smile on his dark face. For him, it means that more tourists will come and make more money, but that's not all. "I am proud of my ancestors," he said, and residents living in more than 3,000 existing earth buildings in Fujian will share this pride with him. \x0d\\x0d\ The 46 Fujian earth buildings that have become world cultural heritage are composed of six groups and four floors, including Chuxi, Hongkeng and Gaobei earth buildings in Yongding County, Xiang Yan, Zhen Fu, Tianluokeng and Hekeng earth buildings in Nanjing County, Huaiyuan, He Jiong and Dida earth buildings in Hua 'an County. These earth buildings are square or round, mainly round, scattered like pearls among the green mountains and green waters in southwest Fujian. \x0d\\x0d\ "Fujian Tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, which attracts worldwide attention for its magical settlement environment, unique spatial form, wonderful defense system, exquisite construction technology and profound tulou culture. Huang, chief architect of Fujian Architectural Design Institute, said. \ x0d \ x0d \ Fujian Tulou was born in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The oldest and youngest world heritage earth buildings are located in Chuxi earth buildings. The Qing Ji Tower with a diameter of 66 meters has a history of 600 years, while the Shanqing Tower with a diameter of 3 1 meter has a history of only 30 years. \ x0d \ x0d \ The formation of Fujian Tulou is related to several famous great migrations of Han nationality in the Central Plains in history. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, in the 4th century, there were frequent wars and natural disasters in the north, and the local people moved southward on a large scale, which opened the prelude to the continuous migration of Han people from the Central Plains to Fujian for thousands of years. The immigrants from the Central Plains who entered southern Fujian merged with local residents, forming the Fulao nationality with Minnan dialect as its characteristic. The Han nationality in the Central Plains who migrated from Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province to the mountainous areas in western Fujian Province constitutes another important ethnic group in Fujian-the Hakka ethnic group characterized by Hakka dialect. \x0d\\x0d\ Fujian Tulou is located in Nanshan District, southwest Fujian, where Fulao and Hakka meet. The terrain is steep and sparsely populated. At that time, wild animals appeared and bandits were everywhere. Living in groups is not only the requirement of the deep-rooted Confucian traditional concept in the Central Plains, but also the realistic need to gather strength and resist foreign enemies. Earth buildings with residential and defensive functions came into being. These unique residential buildings in mountainous areas have pushed the long-standing rammed earth technology to the extreme. \x0d\\x0d\ "foundation, tamping and whole wall are the most important points in earth building construction. Born in Chuxi Tulou, the inheritor of Hakka Tulou, a national intangible cultural heritage, said that Tulou is based on stones, with raw soil as the main raw material, staggered and rammed at different levels, with bamboo as the wall bone and T-shaped knots with wooden anchors. \ x0d \ x0d \ According to historical records, there was an earthquake of magnitude 7, which cracked the wall of the polar building in Yongding by 20 cm, but it was able to reassemble itself. This shows the tenacity of tulou. \ x0d \ x0d "Tulou is an original ecological green building." Huang said that the earth building is warm in winter and cool in summer, with local materials and recycling, which fully embodies the "latest concept and highest realm" of green buildings pursued by people today in the most primitive form. "The construction of a new generation of green earth buildings should be highly valued." \ x0d \ x0d \ Fujian tulou, where people live together, is a small and colorful society. There are 384 rooms in the Qilou of Yongding City, and more than 800 people lived at most. "Earth buildings are the most useful for building a harmonious society," said Xu Songsheng. Living in an earth building, everyone will help each other in everything, and the neighborhood relationship is very harmonious. "If children are filial, they will have a good reputation, study well, criticize badly and play an educational role." \ x0d \ x0d \ Fujian tulou has many perfect defense functions. Its outer wall is one to two meters thick, and there are no windows on the first and second floors. As long as the only solid door is closed, the earth building will become an indestructible fortress. In order to prevent fire attack, the door is equipped with water leakage and sand leakage devices, and residents in the downstairs can escape from underground pipes in case of emergency. Today's tulou is no longer a fortress, but those complete and exquisite defense facilities are still surprising. \ x0d \ x0d \ Fujian's heavy earth buildings bear heavy traditional culture. Thought-provoking couplets, private schools with buildings, and murals that educate and educate people all stir up the ideal of "self-cultivation and family harmony" and the pursuit of "perfection". Sincerity Building has a sub-name association, which is highly respected: when you cheer up, you have no leisure, when you are young, when you are strong, when you are old, you must work hard; Becoming famous is not easy. Family affairs, state affairs and everything in the world should be concerned. \ x0d \ x0d \ "Digging deep into the cultural connotation of tulou, I am different. Lin Rigeng said: "The Sincere Building is beautiful, and you can observe it with your eyes, but the culture of the Sincere Building is more beautiful, so you should experience it with your heart." \x0d\\x0d\ Earth building hidden deep in the mountains. In the early 1980s, some experts and tourists waded across mountains to see tulou, which surprised Lin Rigeng, who was born and raised in Sri Lanka. Adhering to the ancestral motto of "being a guest is a guest", he showed his guests around and invited them to eat Hakka dishes and drink Hakka wine. \ x0d \ x0d \ More and more tourists flock to tulou, and Lin Rigeng is more and more aware of the preciousness of tulou. He only went to primary school, but he inherited the studious tradition of Tulou people, constantly learning from experts and tourists, and gradually formed a popular tour guide word-"Explore the truth and build a building". Today, he has become a "walking earth building". Every time he goes, he can tell a story, a history and a philosophy. \ x0d \ x0d \ Lin Rigeng, who owns a quarter of Zhencheng Building, still runs small shops, restaurants and hotels in the building and has received tourists from more than 30 countries. Now, the Sincere Building has become a world cultural heritage, and he has a new plan. "I want my daughter to learn English so that we can better introduce tulou culture."