Law Undergraduate Dissertation

Undergraduate Law Dissertation

Everyone has dealt with dissertations in their studies and work, right? Dissertations are of great importance to all educators and to the improvement of overall human understanding. What kind of dissertations have you seen? The following is a law undergraduate thesis that I help you organize, just for reference, I hope it can help you.

Law undergraduate dissertation Part 1

I. Problems of undergraduate teaching of law in colleges and universities in the context of the judicial examination

(a) There is a contradiction between the target orientation of undergraduate education in law and the judicial examination

Any form of education has its specific The goal. The positioning of the training objectives of education directly determines the direction and mode of training of talents. On the positioning of China's current undergraduate legal education, the education sector had a more intense debate, some believe that it is general education, some believe that it is vocational education, and some believe that it is the combination of quality education and vocational education. However, the positioning of the talent cultivation goal of China's legal education is centrally embodied in the Higher Education Law and the relevant policy documents formulated by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. For example, the Ministry of Education "China Law Education Reform Research Report" stipulates that law undergraduates should have the following knowledge and ability:

(1) have the spirit of the spirit of the law and the concept of justice as well as just and upright character;

(2) master the basic theories and basic knowledge of various disciplines of jurisprudence;

(3) have the sense of creativity and innovative ability;

(4) ) Master the basic research methods and techniques of jurisprudence;

(5) Understand the frontiers and developments of jurisprudence theory;

(6) Be familiar with the laws of China and the relevant policies of the Party;

(7) Have the ability to recognize and deal with problems by applying jurisprudence theories and knowledge of the law;

(8) Master the methods of modern literature searching and obtaining information on the Internet.

From the knowledge and ability covered by the above goal orientation, it can be seen that China's undergraduate legal education, as the foundation of legal education, belongs to the vocational education with the characteristics of general education. Specifically, the goal of China's undergraduate legal education is to cultivate high-quality and capable legal professionals who can adapt to the needs of economic and social development. In terms of form, the goal orientation of China's undergraduate legal education is very clear and ideal, but from the viewpoint of legal teaching content which reflects and embodies the educational goal, the current goal of legal education is mainly to pursue quality education. Specifically, in terms of teaching content, it emphasizes the completeness and systematicity of the knowledge structure, and trains students to have a profound professional theoretical foundation, broad professional knowledge and strong theoretical research ability, so as to lay the foundation for students to engage in theoretical research or legal practice. In this kind of legal education, the teaching of law is too theoretical, education does not pay attention to cultivate students' practical operation ability in the face of cases, law is introduced only as a kind of humanistic knowledge rather than a kind of scientific knowledge of profession, and the profession of law is far away from the legal profession. In terms of the concept of legal education, in the cultivation of talents in legal education, the cultivation of legal practical talents with legal operation skills is not regarded as the goal of cultivation, but rather the students should be cultivated into legal talents with the ability to carry out legal research, write essays and publish papers. Therefore, some colleges and universities are good at conducting theoretical research, improving students' academic literacy, enriching students' legal thinking, and consolidating students' theoretical foundation. This situation is a fortunate thing for China's legal education, and this kind of teaching goal has a positive effect on improving the level of legal education. However, at the same time, it makes students seldom be able to contact the actual operation of legal application in the process of learning, and unable to form the legal application thinking and related application skills and abilities. In short, under the current goal orientation, legal education and legal professional ability training is basically out of touch, the positioning of educational goals and the value of the judicial examination of the contradiction between the destination.

(2) China's current undergraduate law classroom teaching mode is not quite in line with the judicial examination

As we all know, legal science as a unique study, with a unique language, way of thinking, and profound knowledge system, this feature of legal science determines that the classroom teaching in legal education has a very important status. As far as legal practitioners are concerned, good legal professional ethics and moral character and legal professional ability are built on the basis of strong theoretical knowledge of law and vocational training. In legal education, theoretical teaching has guiding significance to practice, without systematic theoretical teaching, practice will lose its foundation. But at the same time, as a profession with strong professional color, the legal profession requires practitioners to have corresponding practical knowledge and skills. China's current law undergraduate classroom teaching is a kind of disciplinary teaching, also can be called general education, for many years inherited the tradition of theory over practice, the courses offered are biased towards the theory of law, do not pay attention to the specific application of legal knowledge. First of all, from the viewpoint of the content of teachers in the classroom, most teachers believe that in the classroom is the knowledge system of the various disciplines of jurisprudence, legal practice is only a legal skills of the operation of the problem, it is easy to master, no need to teach in the classroom, based on such a concept, they in the classroom mainly to explain the concepts, annotated provisions, elaboration of the theory is given priority to, the teaching of the conceptualization, dogmatization and the formalization of too strong, the students in contact with the law, the students in the law is not a good idea, but a good idea. Thick, students in contact with legal education, is often the law as a scientific knowledge to learn, as learning history, philosophy and literature, emphasizing the basic concepts and basic knowledge of the teaching and learning methods of mastery, little knowledge of judicial practice.

This kind of teaching, although the students have a relatively solid legal knowledge, and students can be in a certain law topic area at length, but makes it difficult to use the expertise learned to solve some simple legal problems in practice. This situation is sufficient, China's current undergraduate legal education is mainly focused on the theoretical knowledge of law, and over-emphasis on the teaching of legal knowledge, the cultivation of legal humanistic cultivation and academic spirit, etc., and pay less attention to the practical application of legal knowledge. In this way, legal education is confined within higher education institutions, and some schools consider legal education to be purely their own business, with little contact with the legal profession. This traditional teaching mode of law solidifies the classroom lectures, and there is too much theoretical teaching in the classroom, with too much emphasis on knowledge inculcation and purely theoretical discussions, and too little use of other teaching methods such as discussion teaching, case-based teaching and heuristic teaching, which neglects the cultivation of professionalism and vocational ability, as well as the cultivation of the ability to analyze and deal with actual legal cases and disputes. On the contrary, the judicial examination, in terms of its content, pays more attention to examine the comprehension of the candidates on the legal knowledge or judicial interpretation which is closely related to the judicial practice, and in terms of the way of the examination, examines the candidates' memorization and practical application of the provisions of the relevant laws and judicial interpretations more. This irrationality and lagging of the current undergraduate teaching mode of law in China is one of the important reasons for its disconnection and incompatibility with the judicial examination.

(3) There are some differences between the current undergraduate law curriculum design and the subjects of the judicial examination

China's Ministry of Education has determined that undergraduate law majors must be opened 14 core courses in law, which include jurisprudence, legal history, constitutional law, administrative law and administrative litigation law, civil law, commercial law, intellectual property law, Economic Law, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law, International Law, Private International Law and International Economic Law. These core courses cover the main body of China's legal system, and students are basically able to build a complete legal knowledge system through studying these core courses. The content scope of the national judicial examination not only includes these core courses, but also includes the current laws and regulations related to the legal profession and the code of ethics of the legal profession. In this regard, the core curriculum of undergraduate legal education and the scope of subjects of the judicial examination basically coincide with each other.

In practice, however, schools have offered a large number of elective courses in addition to the core curriculum. Many of these elective courses are not undergraduate students need to learn, such as foreign criminal law, comparative administrative law, etc. can be canceled; many elective courses and other courses duplicate the content, such as the opening of the General Civil Law and Property Law, and then open a separate security law is not necessary. In this way, the core curriculum of the core status can not be guaranteed, and its class time is a large number of crowded. In addition, there are some unreasonable problems in the order of course arrangement for law undergraduates, among which, the most typical is the arrangement of jurisprudence courses. From the point of view of the curriculum arrangement of undergraduate law majors in our country's colleges and universities, the vast majority of schools will arrange the jurisprudence course in the first year of the university, so that the students who have just graduated from high school and entered the university start to contact jurisprudence without knowing what the law is, and then they will become bored during the abstract theoretical learning process. This situation shows that when arranging courses for undergraduate law students, full consideration should be given to the nature of the courses, their difficulty, and the students' ability to accept them. For example, in the arrangement of professional courses, the courses of civil law, criminal law, procedural law and other courses which are more practical and easy to be accepted by students should be arranged in the front, while the courses of jurisprudence, history of the legal system and other courses which are highly theoretical and less practical in character should be arranged in the back. From the point of view of the content of the judicial examination, most of the content of the examination involves criminal law, civil law, criminal procedure law, civil procedure law, administrative law and administrative litigation law and other courses, these courses accounted for a larger proportion of the points, while the other courses accounted for fewer points, some accounted for only one or two, and even some of the contents of the test for many years.

Second, the judicial examination undergraduate teaching reform proposals

The impact of the national judicial examination on China's undergraduate education in law is unavoidable, and its role in guiding undergraduate education in law is inevitable. The guiding effect of the judicial examination on undergraduate legal education is mainly realized by guiding the curriculum design of undergraduate education, training method innovation, influencing the teaching content, and improving the ability of students.

(a) should reasonably determine the cultivation objectives and cultivation mode of undergraduate legal talents

What type of talents to cultivate is the core issue of any higher education. The legal profession always plays a decisive influence and role in legal education, which not only determines the cultivation objectives, main tasks and development direction of legal education, but also inevitably plays an important guiding role in the teaching content, teaching methods and the cultivation process of legal talents. In today's society, the legal profession is a highly specialized profession, which has formed a whole set of legal knowledge system including legal thoughts, academic schools, value standards and various institutional regulations in the process of long-term development. In terms of the nature of the discipline of law, it is a highly practical and applied discipline, therefore, undergraduate education in law is not only aimed at the acquisition of knowledge, but mainly aimed at obtaining professional competence in the legal profession.

From this point of view, undergraduate legal education should belong to a kind of vocational education, undergraduate legal education should be cultivated with a solid theoretical foundation, high psychological quality and strong adaptive ability of the application of legal talent as the training goal. Similarly, the judicial examination as a kind of vocational examination, its legal education to convey the message that undergraduate legal education is applied education, not only to make the educated master specialized, relatively abstract knowledge system and the spirit of the law, but also to have a specific legal career thinking, skills, must be to cultivate application-oriented talents. Based on this point, the function of undergraduate legal education in China should be to enable students to obtain more theoretical knowledge of law, and at the same time, to enable them to have the ability to engage in the legal profession and quality. This function of undergraduate legal education and the design of the judicial examination system is consistent with the goal.

(2) Optimize the curriculum and construct a legal knowledge system compatible with the national judicial examination

The content of the national judicial examination mainly involves theoretical and applied jurisprudence, current laws and regulations, legal practice and legal ethics, etc., and the subjects of the examination are all based on the 14 core courses of 14 law undergraduate majors. The subjects of the examination are all based on the 14 core courses of the undergraduate law program and are consistent with the focus of undergraduate education. In view of this characteristic of the judicial examination, undergraduate legal education should focus on the teaching of the above core courses, especially its teaching content must include the teaching of current laws and regulations and legal affairs, and the teachers should teach the core content involved in the content of the judicial examination in classes in a targeted and focused manner. This not only does not violate the disciplinary attributes of legal education, but on the contrary, lays a solid foundation for the cultivation of higher-level talents. For this reason, the specific arrangement of undergraduate courses in law should be properly adapted to the national judicial examination. For example, the first arrangement of civil law, criminal law, procedural law and other applied courses, while the theoretical law arranged after the applied law. Because of these three courses, civil law, criminal law determines the public and private law two different modes of legal thinking, procedural law laid down the concept of procedural justice, the theory of these sectoral law itself is the basic theory of law, many concepts, terminology, principles, etc. in other laws will also recur, the students have a more specific understanding of the theoretical jurisprudence and other jurisprudence, easier to understand, the knowledge can only be a step sublimation The first step in the process is to make it easier to understand the concepts and principles.

In addition, for the scope of the judicial examination subjects, should increase the "Introduction to the Legal Profession" and "Legal Ethics" and other courses. The arrangement of these courses will help students to have a clear understanding of their future careers, career planning, and stimulate interest in learning. However, in order to address the problem of a single faculty structure and a lack of practical experience among teachers, senior judges, prosecutors or lawyers from the judiciary can be arranged to give special lectures to students in these courses, if conditions permit. In addition, the students to the fourth year of college, for the students of the examination needs, but also can be arranged for the students of the judicial examination of the topic of the lecture, on the judicial examination of the content of the system, the candidates have the ability to study methods, etc., to the students, so that students correctly and in detail to understand the judicial examination.

(3) Improve classroom teaching methods to adapt to the purpose of the judicial examination

The nature of the legal sciences determines that classroom teaching must be closely linked to the living judicial practice. In today's China, the construction of the rule of law is developing rapidly, the state is accelerating the legislative process in all aspects, the socialist legal system is constantly improving, the number of various laws and regulations and judicial interpretations are also increasing, due to the rapid development of the economy and society and the emergence of legal issues are also increasing. This situation shows that the amount of legal knowledge that law students need to learn in their university studies is also increasing, and sometimes, students sometimes have not finished learning the relevant knowledge of a law before the law is repealed or substantially amended. For those who are going to become lawyers, the prerequisite for them to occupy a place in the social environment with increasingly fierce competition and complicated legal affairs is not only to have high theoretical legal literacy, but also to familiarize themselves with and systematically master the relevant legal knowledge and legal affairs. One of the biggest shortcomings of traditional undergraduate legal education is that it pays too much attention to the cultivation of legal theory, and the information provided by teachers to students is limited to abstract theories and concepts. This leads to too narrow a knowledge base and insufficient information in legal education, which cannot adapt to the social requirements of legal education.

The establishment of the judicial examination system for the state is to select for the society enough for the society "to determine the dispute to stop points" of the legal workers, rather than selecting what "philosophical masters", "thinkers" and other pure theory of the "masters", "thinkers" and so on. "This means that the content of the judicial examination is based on the existing laws and regulations, and the examination focuses on the basic knowledge of jurisprudence and the ability to deal with practical problems, and the scope of the examination is relatively broad and detailed. In view of this characteristic of the judicial examination, the university law school department must fully understand the nature and purpose of the judicial examination, and constantly reform the inadequacy of its classroom teaching work, so that the method and content of classroom teaching and the purpose of the judicial examination is properly in line with. As far as law teachers are concerned, the level of their classroom teaching should be measured not only by whether they pay attention to the use of the latest textbooks, but also by whether they are able to introduce into the classroom the contents of new laws and regulations promulgated by the state, new problems arising in judicial practice, and the latest achievements in the development of legal theory. Specifically, law teachers must understand the information related to the judicial examination when preparing for the classes, and can convey the relevant information to the students through classroom discussion, case teaching and other methods during the classes. Among them, case teaching is beneficial to the cultivation of students' legal thinking, so it is very necessary to set up a special case analysis course after the basic theory course. The case discussion class should cover civil law, criminal law, administrative law and other fields, the specific practice, the teacher should firstly provide students with cases for them to study after class, and then discuss and analyze them in the classroom. Through the two-way discussion between teachers and students in the classroom can stimulate students to think, and enhance the ability to deduce the law from the facts.

(4) Reasonable improvement of the current law undergraduate professional examination system to make it appropriate with the judicial examination

The focus of the reform of the current law undergraduate professional examination is to make it compatible with the requirements and objectives of the national judicial examination, and to realize the reasonable docking of the law undergraduate professional examination and the national judicial examination. Currently, the low pass rate of China's judicial examination reflects, on the one hand, the college law undergraduates of the judicial examination questions do not adapt to, on the other hand, also reflects the school of the degree of training of students is not enough, the examination difficulty is also lower, students are easy to pass. From the current situation in China's colleges and universities law school department, most of the schools did not implement a strict separation of teaching and examination system, in general, by the end of the term, the teachers of the class make their own questions, their own assessment of the paper. In some schools, the student's examination pass rate as an important standard of teacher teaching effect to view, therefore, some teachers in order to consider their own teaching effect to meet the standard, the difficulty of the test questions is generally not very difficult, students only have to memorize notes before the exam can pass the exam, and even usually listen to the class is not serious students can also be through the pre-test surprise memorization of the notes to pass the test, so that, a few years down the line, the students as long as through the school requirements of all courses exams, you can successfully pass the exam. The first thing that you need to do is to get a good deal of money from the government.

The National Uniform Judicial Examination as China's current higher difficulty of the vocational examination, which requires candidates to master the basic knowledge of law subjects to be broad, for this reason, the candidates must be designated according to the syllabus, textbooks and reference books, comprehensive and exhaustive preparation for the designated syllabus of any knowledge, can not hold the slightest fluke. In this case, the university law school department if still follow the old test mode, it is not only not conducive to improve the students' learning enthusiasm and initiative, but also will directly affect the students' future performance in the judicial examination. Based on this point, the author suggests that universities must make reasonable improvements to the current law undergraduate examination system, while appropriately increasing the difficulty of the examination, it should highlight the analytical, flexible and applied characteristics of the test paper, it should effectively implement the system of separation of teaching and examination, and it should strictly grasp the passing rate of the students, so as to make the undergraduate final examination system and the unified judicial examination system in line with the national judicial examination system, and to make it the practice questions of the judicial examination.

These are the most important of all.

(E) Strengthen the construction of university law faculty and establish a team of teachers who both understand the theory of jurisprudence and the practice of law

As far as the students of the university are concerned, the cultivation and quality of the teachers have, to a certain extent, affected the quality of the students they trained. For a long time, due to various reasons, China's universities and colleges of law faculties are generally closed to the teacher team, rarely involved in judicial practice, the lack of practical experience, this situation not only leads to a serious disconnect between the theoretical research of law teachers and judicial practice, but also affects the effect of their classroom teaching, and even affects the performance of the students' judicial examination. Judicial examination as a vocational examination, which not only examines whether the candidates have a wealth of legal knowledge, but also focuses on the examination of candidates on the practical application of the law, this feature of the judicial examination requires college law teachers not only to have a solid theoretical background of jurisprudence, but also to have a strong theoretical link to the practical use of jurisprudence to analyze the specific problems.

Based on this, it is necessary to create a solid theoretical cultivation of jurisprudence, but also has a high quality of the basic legal profession and practical experience of the law teachers, and then in the teaching process through the teacher's characteristics, optimize the teaching content, so that students learn by ear, improve the students to use theoretical knowledge to analyze and solve the legal problems and actively deal with the ability of the judicial examination. To this end, it is necessary for colleges and universities to establish a proven mechanism of knowledge communication between the school and the judiciary at all levels. For example, law teachers should be supported and encouraged to work as part-time lawyers outside the school, as legal advisors in companies and enterprises, and as people's assessors in judicial organs without affecting their normal teaching work. In addition, excellent legal professionals can be hired from the judiciary or law firms to come to the university law departments to carry out activities such as lectures or special lectures.

Abstract Legal beliefs as the spiritual foundation of the rule of law is undoubtedly of great significance in the rule of law nowadays, this paper explains the role of good law in the formation of legal beliefs through the definition of legal beliefs and the concept of good law, and what kind of law can be believed in the elaboration of the good law.

Keywords legal beliefs, good law, role

I. Preface

The rule of law as the basic strategy of China's governance has been twelve years, in order to realize the ideal of the rule of law in our country, China has basically set up a socialist legal system, socialism, and socialism. All undertakings are basically based on the law. Although there is a law, but the law in practice, the power is greater than the law, the people over the law, the words instead of the law, the power to abolish the law of the phenomenon abound, why is this situation? In the final analysis, the law is not faith, if the law is not faith, and a piece of paper with no difference, like Berman said: "the law must be faith, otherwise it will be virtually null and void ①." The law as the only object of faith in the cultivation of legal faith has an irreplaceable role. But what kind of law should we believe in? Good law as a kind of good law different from bad law should be the object of legal belief. This paper takes the importance of good law in the formation of legal beliefs as the theoretical basis, and analyzes the importance of good law through the following logic: legal beliefs are the spiritual foundation of the strategy of ruling the country according to law, and how is this spiritual foundation formed? The law as the only object of legal belief plays a key role in the formation of legal belief, then what kind of law will be believed? The good law with reasonable values, reasonable norms, reasonable institutions and reasonable procedures should be the object of legal beliefs②.

Second, the concept of legal faith and good law defined

(a) legal faith

The term legal faith in the Dictionary does not have a targeted explanation, only to the faith of the 'explanation for:' "Faith is a kind of religion, or to a certain kind of doctrine extreme conviction and respect, and take it as a guideline for action. as a rule of action③." Professor Xie Hui believes that "legal belief is the organic unity of two aspects: on the one hand, it is the subject's firm legal belief as the premise and under its domination to take the legal rules as the code of conduct; on the other hand, it is the subject's activities under the domination of strict legal rules④." From this, the author believes that legal belief refers to the social subject's belief in and respect for the law, and the process of transforming this psychological state of belief and respect into a code of conduct. Legal belief is a dynamic process, not static, and is an organic unity including psychological state and behavioral process. In other words, the legal faith not only exists in theory, but also practiced in the practice of the rule of law.

(B) good law

The good law is the opposite of the bad law of the philosophy of law category, is a broad and evolving concept, which includes the law of the substance of the good and the form of goodness of the two inseparable aspects. It is not easy to give a precise concept of good law, but the concept of good law can be explored from the standard of good law. The book "Theory of Good Law" edited by Prof. Li Long thinks that the basic standards of good law are: rationality of value, rationality of norms, rationality of system, and rationality of procedure5 . In the author's opinion, good law should be considered from the perspective of contingency, and good law should be the organic unity of substantive goodness and formal goodness, and thus how the law should be, not how the law actually is or has been. Value rationality should be the soul of good law, normative rationality, institutional rationality, procedural rationality are all in order to realize the value rationality of good law. Therefore, good law should be in line with the laws of nature, society, and human development, and be able to meet the subject's enjoyment of the most general human rights, fairness and justice, and be able to be practiced by the majority of independent social subjects.

Three, the law is the only object of legal faith

Legal faith as a kind of faith, its belief and respect for the norms should be the law, and can not be such as the power, teachings, customs and habits and other objects, if the legal faith in addition to the law and other objects, it is not a legal beliefs, and can not cultivate the legal faith. The three qualities of the law The three qualities of law, namely, freedom and human rights, utility and benefit, and protection and relief, are the intrinsic factors that make law an object of legal belief. The three qualities of law, "freedom-human rights, utility-benefit, and protection-relief," are intrinsic to law as an object of legal belief.6 In addition, the supremacy of norms is a prerequisite for law to become an object of legal belief.7 It is precisely because law protects human rights and relieves rights that it becomes an object of legal belief. It is because of the characteristics of the law to protect human rights, relief rights, the realization of interests and its supremacy, determine the law is the only object of legal belief.

Four, what kind of law will be faith

The premise of the rule of law is to have a law to follow, only the establishment and continuous improvement of the legal system in order to provide a legal basis for the rule of law, and the law is believed to be the rule of law of the spirit of the country based on the law, and only the law is really for the main body of the community to respect and exercise in order to achieve the rule of law, but not As long as the law will be believed, but also to see whether the law has the value of reasonable, normative, institutional, procedural and other characteristics, whether it is able to protect human rights, relief of rights, the realization of interests, whether it is able to embodied the law of the contingency (fairness and justice), that is, the law should be the law of the good, the law of the good.

V. The Role of Good Law in the Formation of Legal Beliefs

According to Prof. Xie Hui, legal beliefs are divided into legal beliefs and activities under the domination of legal beliefs.8 The role of good law in the formation of legal beliefs can be realized through the following two aspects: 1. Legal belief is a concept about the individual subjective psychology, inherently encompassing the individual's faith and respect for the law, and this faith and respect for the internalization of a constant idea, and this faith and respect for the premise that the law can be realized in the subject of some kind of interest. Good law because of its utility-benefit, safeguard-relief, freedom-human rights, so that it has the value of the basis of faith; 2. Good law on the role of legal practice. The premise of legal practice is to have a law to follow, and the goodness of this law determines the effectiveness of legal practice, and the effective implementation of the law is the proper meaning of legal practice. The goodness of the law determines the most basic logical starting point and value basis for people's faith in it. Only the good law - the law with the purpose of human rights protection - can obtain the general recognition of social subjects and be generally observed, and the good implementation of the law can motivate people to believe and respect the law, and the formation of legal beliefs.

Sixth Conclusion

Legal belief in the rule of law today is undoubtedly very important, but to really let the law become the faith of the general public, first of all, the law should be a good law, and should be effectively implemented, the proliferation of laws and regulations with the text, in addition to bringing a variety of social costs, but also impede the professional discipline of the legal profession, and the legal profession, the lowering of the quality, will no doubt encourage the people in the law, the law will not be a good thing. The lowering of the professional quality of the legal profession will undoubtedly encourage people to open up another channel outside the legal system to resolve disputes and safeguard their rights and interests, that is, to resort to private assistance. Therefore, the law is not only in the process of formulating the good law should be constantly close to the good law, but also formulated out of the good law to be effectively implemented, so as to provide the people with legal role models, so that the people convinced of the law, the law internalized into the belief, so as to believe in the law.

Notes:

① [US] Berman. Law and Religion. Life, Reading, and New Knowledge. 1991:28.

② Li Long. Theory of good law. Wuhan University Press. 2001:71-72.

③ Dictionary. Shanghai Dictionary Press. 1979:565.

④ Xie Hui.

④ Xie Hui. Shandong People's Publishing House. 1997:15.

⑤ Li Long. The theory of good law. Wuhan University Press.2001:71-72.

⑥ Zhong Mingxia, Fan Jinxue. A trial discussion on some problems of legal beliefs. Chinese Law. 1998(2).

⑦ Xie Fei. Small discussion of the formation of legal beliefs in the preconditions and economic basis. Lawyer world. 2002(7).

⑧ Xie Hui. The concept and foundation of legal belief. Shandong People's Publishing House. 1997:15.

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