The relationship between Indian industrial layout and raw material sources

(III) Iron and Steel Industry India has good resources for developing the iron and steel industry. Iron ore, manganese ore and chromium ore are not only large in reserves and good in quality, but also adjacent, generally not far from coal-producing areas; In addition to meeting domestic consumption, more than half of its exploitation can be exported. India's modern steel industry originated at the beginning of this century, but its long-term development is slow. It was not until the mid-1950s that the Indian government invested heavily in the steel industry and built a number of large-scale steel joint ventures, and the production outlook changed significantly. The steel output in 1989 was130,000 tons, which was more than seven times higher than that in 1950.

Bilai, Jamshedpur, Pocaro, Lauerkla and Toure Gabur account for 80% of the total. The above five factories, except Bilai Factory, are located in Gbur Plateau in Jiaodane and the Great Mo Deer Valley on its north side, with relatively good raw materials, fuel, electricity and water conditions. The average transportation distance of iron ore and coking coal is generally only 80 ~ 200 kilometers. This area and Kolkata in the east are important industrial areas in China, so production and sales are closely combined to form a leading iron and steel industrial base in China. Bilai Plant is now the largest iron and steel plant in China, located in the central part of the country, close to iron and manganese mines, but the coal transportation distance is longer (more than 700 kilometers). In order to change the situation that the steel industry is too concentrated, in recent years, India has started to build new steel plants (Visakhapatnam, etc.). ) In the southern region rich in iron ore. Generally speaking, although India's iron and steel industry has changed obviously compared with the past, there are also some problems in the development process, such as low investment benefit, long construction period and high production cost, and the resource advantages have not been fully exerted.

(1) The cotton and linen textile industry has long been the primary industrial sector in China. In recent decades, the development has been slow, and its relative position has obviously declined. 1950, the cotton textile industry still accounted for 35% of the national manufacturing output value, which was less than 9% in the early 1980 s. In the same period, the proportion of linen textile industry also dropped from 14% to 3%. The total scale of Indian cotton textile industry now ranks third in the world, but handicraft industry still accounts for a considerable proportion, thus becoming the industrial sector that provides the most employment in China except agriculture.

Cotton textile owners should be distributed in cotton producing areas with Deccan Plateau as the main body. Maharashtra and Gujarat alone have two-fifths of the total spindles and two-thirds of the looms in China, and most of them are concentrated in Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

India's hemp textile industry with jute as raw material ranks first in the world, and more than 90% of its production capacity is concentrated on the banks of the Hugely River (a tributary of the Ganges River), which is about 90 kilometers long from north to south near Calcutta. This is the center of jute production area, with convenient land and water transportation, and its products can be exported from the nearby port of Kolkata.

As can be seen from the above, India's cotton and linen textile industry has obvious raw material production tendency in geographical distribution. One of the reasons is that the textile industry has shallow processing depth and low added value. For example, raw cotton accounts for half of the total cost of cotton cloth, so the transportation cost of raw materials has become a key factor in the production layout.

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