Who knows what kind of cartoon this is? (1980s)

You mean jiminy the Cricket in Disney's popular science animation Pinocchio. It seems that Donald Duck teaches math at the same time.

I really don't know the name of this animation, so I have to introduce Jiminy cricket:

Jiminy Cricket (translated as jiminy Cricket in Hongkong) is one of the important characters in Disney's classic story Pinocchio. He represents the puppet's conscience. In the story, he often sits on Pi Nuo's shoulder and leads him to the right path. His image is a little green cricket, wearing a blue hat, red underwear, black coat, a pair of white gloves and often holding a red umbrella with a long handle. His motto is "every bit will make a big difference!" )。